藤黄属植物化学成分与药理活性

概述了自１９８５年以来藤黄属植物化学成分及生物活性的研究进展,并列出１９８５年来从藤黄属植物中分离鉴定的Ｓｈａｎ酮类化合物的结构,名称及来源。     

乌蔹莓属植物化学成分及药理活性的研究进展

乌蔹莓属药用植物具有抗菌、抗炎镇痛、抗病毒、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、降血糖等药理作用,常用于治疗痈肿、疥疮、痄腮、丹毒等。该属植物中已分离得到黄酮类、甾体类、脂类、挥发油等化学成分。现综述了其化学成分及药理活性,可为该属植物的研究和开发提供参考。     

岭南山竹子树皮化学成分研究

目的研究藤黄属植物岭南山竹子树皮中的化学成分。方法利用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20等色谱法对山竹子树皮中的化学成分进行分离以及根据所获单体化合物的理化性质和光谱数据（紫外、核磁共振、质谱）鉴定其结构。结果从山竹子树皮中分离得到7个单体化合物,经鉴定分别为10-hydroxybotryococcene（1）、peplusol（2）、stigmast-4-en-3-one（3）、parvifiol（4）、1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid bis（2-methyl heptyl）ester（5）、camboginol（6）、pedunxanthone C（7）。结论化合物1～7均为首次从该种植物中分离得到。     

从南非植物中分离得到的四种新(口山)酮

近年来,(口山)酮类化合物越来越多地引起人们的注意,因为它具有了多种药理活性:单胺氧化酶抑制作用,体外细胞毒性,体内具有抗肿瘤、抗真菌、抑制结核菌、抗炎、抗菌等作用。生长于热带的藤黄属植物是(口山)酮类化合物的丰富资源。本文报道了从该属植物Garcinia livingstonei分离得到的四种新的被异戊烯基取代的(口山)酮化合物。将采于南非的G.livingstonei根皮     

大麦芽的化学成分

目的研究大麦芽的化学成分。方法通过乙醇提取、反复柱色谱、重结晶等分离纯化手段分离纯化了麦芽中的化学成分,并应用UV、MS、NMR等波谱解析和化学方法确定其结构。结果从生麦芽中分离得到6个化合物,分别鉴定为Nbenzoylphenylalanine2benzoylamino3phenylpropylester(1)、豆甾5烯3β醇7酮(2)、5羟甲基糠醛(3)、麦黄酮(4)、β谷甾醇(5)和胡萝卜苷(6)。结论以上所有的化合物均首次从中药麦芽中分离得到;1为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

毛郁金化学成分的分离与鉴定

目的对毛郁金的化学成分进行研究。方法采用硅胶柱色谱、氧化铝柱色谱、ODS柱色谱和制备高效液相色谱等方法分离纯化毛郁金的化学成分,通过波谱数据分析确定化合物的结构。结果从毛郁金乙酸乙酯萃取物中分离得到10个化合物,分别鉴定为莪术二酮(curdione,1)、新莪术二酮(neocurdione,2)、吉马酮-4,5-环氧化物(germacrone-4,5-epoxide,3)、莪术二酮-1,10-环氧化物(curdione-1,10-epoxide,4)、gajutsulactone A(5)、莪术双环烯酮(curcumenone,6)、polydactin B(7)、4,5-seco-4,5-dioxo-guaia-1(10),11-diene(8)、2-endo-hydroxy-1,8-cineole(9)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(dibutylphthalate,10)。结论化合物3、5、7-10为首次从该植物中分离得到,其中化合物7-10为首次从姜黄属植物中分离得到。     

荨麻属植物化学成分和药理活性研究进展

目的对荨麻属植物的化学成分和药理作用进行阐述,为该属植物的进一步研究与发展奠定基础。方法结合近年来的30余篇相关文献,对近5年来从荨麻属植物中分离得到的化学成分和药理活性进行综述。结果与结论近5年从荨麻属植物中新发现多种化合物,如黄酮、木脂素、萜、有机酸等,对该属植物的降糖、抗前列腺增生、镇痛抗风湿作用也有进一步研究。     

胡桃楸根化学成分研究

目的研究胡桃楸根的化学成分。方法利用硅胶和SephadexLH--20柱层析等分离方法进行分离纯化,通过理化性质和各种波谱技术鉴定化合物的结构,采用MTT比色法对化合物I进行活性测试。结果从胡桃楸根乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯提取物分离得到5个化合物,分别为JuglaninB（I）、1,3,5,8-四羟基n山酮（Ⅱ）、1,3,8-三羟基-5-甲氧基咄酮（III）、胡萝卜寄（Ⅳ）、熊果酸（V）。结论化合物工首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物（Ⅱ）～（V）首次从胡桃属植物中分离得到。化合物I对人肺癌A549细胞和肝癌HepG-2细胞均有抑制作用。     

锦鸡儿属植物化学成分及药理作用研究进展

目的探讨锦鸡儿属植物的化学成分及药理作用的研究概况。方法总结国内外发表的有关文献。结果至今已从豆科锦鸡儿属植物中分离得到各类化合物,该属植物具有较强的药理活性,值得深入研究。结论通过对该属植物的化学成分及药理作用的系统总结,以期为该属植物的深入研究和开发提供一定参考依据。     

无梗五加果酚酸类化学成分的研究

目的对五加科五加属植物无梗五加果的化学成分进行研究。方法采用硅胶柱色谱法、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱法、ODS柱色谱法以及制备液相色谱法对无梗五加果的化学成分进行分离,根据化合物的理化性质及波谱数据鉴定其结构。结果分离得到8个已知的酚酸类化合物,分别为对羟基苯乙醇（tyrosol,1）、对羟基苯丙酸（p-hydrocoumaric acid,2）、原儿茶醛（protocatechuic aldehyde,3）、咖啡酸（caffeic acid,4）、4-（3,4-二羟基苯基）-2-丁酮[4-（3,4-dihydroxyphenyl）-2-butanone,5]、没食子酸（gallic acid,6）、对羟基苯甲酸（4-hydroxy-benzoic acid,7）、邻苯二酚（pyrocatechol8,）。结论化合物5为首次从五加科植物中分离得到,化合物2为首次从五加属植物中分离得到,化合物17、、8为从该植物中首次分离得到。     

中药藤黄呫吨酮类化合物及其分析测定方法

介绍近年来从中药藤黄中分离得到的笼状呫吨酮类化合物及其分析测定方法,为中药藤黄抗肿瘤活性成分的进一步研究提供参考。笼状呫吨酮类化合物为中药藤黄发挥药理活性的物质基础,但由于其结构复杂,分子稳定性较差,需要借助于新型的分析检测技术方能对其进行定性定量测定。     

The constituents from the stems of Garcinia cowa Roxb. and their cytotoxic activities

Three new flavanone glycosides named garccowaside A, garccowaside B, garccowaside C, and three other known compounds were isolated from the ethanol extract of the stems of Garcinia cowa. These structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. Twelve compounds isolated from the stems of Garcinia cowa were tested for cytotoxic activities.     

On the constituents and biological activities of some Nepalese medicinal plants

The chemical constituents of medicinal plants which have been used in Ayurvedic and Tibetan system of medicines in Nepal were examined. From 21 species consisting of 13 genera of the plants, 121 new compounds, whose structures are shown in Charts (1 to 13), were isolated mainly in our laboratory. Some of the compounds and their related ones showed several biological activities.     

柽柳属植物的化学成分和药理活性研究进展

柽柳属植物是干旱、半干旱区沙荒地和盐碱化土地上生长的灌木,含多种化学成分,如黄酮、三萜、苯丙酸、甾体类以及有机酸、酚酸类等;药理研究表明其具有保肝、抗氧化、抑菌、抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶、抗肿瘤等活性.综述了柽柳属植物不同药用部位的化学成分和药理活性,为进一步研究和开发柽柳属植物资源提供参考.     

Plants used in Chinese and Indian traditional medicine for improvement of memory and cognitive function

In traditional practices of Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine, numerous plants have been used to treat cognitive disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). An ethnopharmacological approach has provided leads to identifying potential new drugs from plant sources, including those for cognitive disorders. Many drugs currently available in Western medicine were originally isolated from plants, or are derived from templates of compounds isolated from plants. Some anticholinesterase (anti-ChE) alkaloids isolated from plants have been investigated for their potential in the treatment of AD, and are now in clinical use. Galantamine, isolated from several plants including Lycoris radiata Herb., which was used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is licensed in the United Kingdom for the treatment of mild to moderate AD. Various other plant species have shown pharmacological activities relevant to the treatment of cognitive disorders, indicating potential for therapeutic use in disorders such as AD. This article reviews some of the plants and their active constituents that have been used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine and TCM for their reputed cognitive-enhancing or antiageing effects. Plants and their constituents with pharmacological activities that may be relevant for the treatment of cognitive disorders, including enhancement of cholinergic function in the central nervous system (CNS), anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, are discussed.     

Recent progress on the lupine alkaloids in leguminous plants growing mainly in Japan

The existence of the lupine alkaloids in leguminous plants mainly growing in Japan has been thoroughly ascertained, and 106 kinds of lupine alkaloids, including 51 kinds of novel lupine-type alkaloids, have been isolated and characterized from 28 species belonging to the 9 genera of leguminous plants (Table 1). Among them (e.g. Fig. 1-2), a number of unusual types of alkaloids (e.g. Fig. 2) may be regarded as possible metabolites of the lupine alkaloids that coexist in the same plant, such as (+)-kuraramine-type, (-)-mamanine-type (Fig. 3), (-)-tsukushinamine-type (Fig. 5) and (+)-hupeol-type (Fig. 7) alkaloids, or as products of alternative biosynthetic pathway, such as tashiromine-type and (-)-camoensidine-type alkaloids in the Maackia species. The biosynthetic pathways (Fig. 8) by enzymes (Fig. 9) and some of biological activities (e.g. Table 2) of the lupine alkaloids have also been presented. The leguminous plants that accumulate the common lupine alkaloids may be divided into three main groups: plants which produce the matrine, the cytisine/sparteine, and the lupinine-type alkaloids. In addition, the Maackia species and a few other species produce rare bases. Some of more detailed chemical properties of the lupine alkaloids that have been isolated and studied in our laboratory, including a newly proposed biosynthetic pathway, biotechnological studies, a summary of biological activities, and a discussion of chemotaxonomic aspects of the leguminous plants which accumulate lupine alkaloids, have been reviewed by authors in English papers shown in References 1, 55, 65, and also reviewed by one of the authors (I.M.) in a Japanese papers shown in Ref. 66, in which many aspects of the active research history on (+)-matrine and its relatively alkaloids since 1892 in Japan are described.     

Chemical constituents and bioactivity of Formosan lauraceous plants

Taiwan is rich in lauraceous plants. A review of 197 references based on the chemical analysis and bioactivity of indigenous lauraceous plants carried out by native scientists from 1963 to 2014 has been compiled. About 303 new compounds and thousands of known compounds comprising alkaloids and non-alkaloids with diverse structures have been isolated or identified from indigenous plants belonging to the 11 lauraceous genera. The volatile components, however, have been excluded from this review. This review provides an overview of the past efforts of Taiwan scientists working on secondary metabolites and their bioactivity in native lauraceous plants. The potential of lauraceous plants worthy of further study is also noted. The contents will be helpful for the chemotaxonomy of Lauraceae and be of value for the development of native Formosan lauraceous plants.     

Structures of oligostilbenoids in dipterocarpaceaeous plants and their biological activities

Stilbenoids such as resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) have drawn much attention due to the diversity of structures and biological activities. These compounds are typically found as oligomers in a few plant families, such as Dipterocarpaceae, Vitaceae, Leguminosae, Cyperaceae, and Gnetaceae. The rich structural variation and multifunctional bioactivity make stilbenoid oligomers interesting targets for detailed phytochemical investigations. The oligomeric stilbenoids in Dipterocarpaceaeous plants have been my main focus of extensive structural investigation for the past decade. The tetramers of a resveratrol such as (-)-hopeaphenol, vaticanol B, and vaticanol C are widespread and present in large quantities in Dipterocarpaceaeous plants. These are of special interest due to the large number of stereoisomers resulting from many asymmetric carbons and the various frameworks when a resveratrol is homogeneously oligomerized. The structural variations in Vatica, Vateria, Upuna, Cotylelobium, Dipterocarpus, Shorea, and Hopea genera have been examined and about 120 new resveratrol oligomers isolated to date. A detailed structural determination based on comprehensive spectral study has solved the difficulties in elucidation caused by the complicated stereochemistry that comprises diastereomers, epimers, enantiomers, and rotamers. The isolates bear a structural variation of fused cyclic frameworks including heterocyclic and bicyclo ring systems, and have been developed as a chemical library for drug discovery and chemical biology probes for the first time.     

Benzopyrans, biphenyls and xanthones from the root of Garcinia linii and their activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A new benzopyran, (S)-3-hydroxygarcibenzopyran, and three new biphenyls, garcibiphenyl C, garcibiphenyl D, garcibiphenyl E, together with thirteen known compounds have been additionally isolated from the root of Garcinia linii. The structures of these new compounds were determined through spectral analyses. Among the isolates, 1,7-dihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone and 1,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone showed antitubercular activities with MICs of 3.1 +/- 0.5 and 6.3 +/- 1.0 microg/mL against Mycobacterium tuberculosis 90-221,387 in vitro, respectively.     

In vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of Garcinia kola seeds

Garcinia kola Heckel – a tropical plant which grows in moist forest, has found wide applications in traditional medicine especially in the West and Central African sub-region. The seeds have been demonstrated to possess numerous bioactivities but research is highly limited on the link between its fractions and the bioactivities. In this work, the methanolic extract of Garcinia kola seeds was subjected to silica gel column chromatography into five fractions ME1–ME5 and the free radical scavenging activities and antioxidant potentials were determined for each fraction using various in vitro models. The ME4 fraction possessed the greatest activities. It was also demonstrated that the ME4 fraction strongly inhibited nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide activated macrophage U937 cells. Chromatographic fractionation and spectroscopic analysis of the ME4 fraction revealed the presence of four compounds namely garcinia biflavonoids GB1 and GB2, garcinal and garcinoic acid. These findings show that these four compounds are partly responsible for the great antioxidant potential of Garcinia kola seeds. This gives further evidence to the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical potential of Garcinia kola.