陕西勉略宁三角区弧后裂解型火山岩特征及其构造意义

陕西勉略宁三角区新元古代火山作用强烈,发育碧口群大安岩组、陈家坝岩组、巨亭岩组、黑木林岩组等陆缘裂谷、岛弧、弧后裂解及蛇绿岩在内不同构造属性火山岩系。野外调查和岩石化学研究表明,以巨亭岩组为代表的火山岩系总体为受裂隙式火山机构控制的一套完整火山喷发序列酸-基性火山岩建造,发育溢流相-爆发相火山喷发旋回和韵律,具有分布范围广,岩石变形强烈特点。岩石类型以流纹岩、玄武岩及相应火山碎屑岩为主,玄武岩地球化学特征显示总体为钙碱性-拉斑玄武岩组合,其微量元素和稀土元素分配型式与裂解型玄武岩(CFB)特征相似,火山岩形成时代为新元古代晚期。它的出现标志着新元古代扬子地块北缘裂解背景下以火山-沉积作用为记录的洋陆俯冲-消减-弧后裂解事件,对研究勉略宁地区碧口地块构造演化机制具有重要意义。     

玄武岩纤维混凝土的发展及研究前景

玄武岩纤维相较于其他纤维材料而言具有更加优越的特性。本文介绍了玄武岩纤维的发展概况和主要特点,着重阐明了玄武岩纤维混凝土的力学性能、耐久性和耐高温性,并介绍了目前玄武岩纤维混凝土在土木工程领域的主要应用,还提出了玄武岩纤维高性能混凝土在土木工程领域中的研究前景。     

Diamond wire sawing in ornamental basalt quarries: technical,economic and environmental considerations

The market interest in ornamental rocks commercially referred to as “stones” has grown significantly in recent years, particularly regarding basalt. This has resulted in the widespread use of diamond wire equipped with sintered diamond beads for precision sawing in basalt quarries, especially those located in the industrialized countries; it also has the advantage of preventing rock damages. Diamond wire has been widely used in up-line cutting and other sawing works in both marble and granite quarries for decades; therefore, performance data about the use of this tool on these two different types of rocks are widely documented in academic literature. However, for basalt sawing, information pertaining to the use of diamond wire is unavailable due to various reasons, but mostly because of to its relatively recent introduction in the basalt quarries and also to the historical low market demand for processed basalt in the past. This study offers a possible solution to this lack of information and provides a technical, economic and environmental assessment of diamond wire used in quarrying basalt for ornamental purposes. After an overview on the state of the art of diamond wire and on the final use of processed basalt, the study describes the experimental plan and the results. These show a tool yield much higher than those measured when diamond wire is used on other silicate dimension stones (e.g. granites). Moreover, the composition of basalt sawdust (sludge) has been analysed in the laboratory and has indicated the absence of polluting materials related to tool wear; therefore, basalt sludge, which is made of water and micronized basalt, can be used as a secondary raw material for the environmental restoration of the area or for any other purpose. Further research on other lithotypes is also proposed.

     

短切玄武岩纤维对磷酸镁水泥砂浆性能的影响

采用固定水胶比和固定流动度两种方案进行对比试验,研究了不同掺量的玄武岩纤维对复合磷酸镁水泥(MPC)砂浆流动度和力学性能的影响,并采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了微观形貌。结果表明:在固定水胶比的情况下,随着玄武岩纤维掺量的增加,MPC砂浆的流动度降低,但力学性能有所提高,且掺量为3.5 kg/m^(3)时,力学性能最优,超过此掺量则增幅下降;在固定流动度而水胶比随纤维掺量增加而增大的情况下,MPC砂浆的力学性能整体呈下降趋势;SEM结果表明,在一定掺量范围内,玄武岩纤维在MPC砂浆中分散均匀,掺量过多则会产生纤维团聚现象;MPC砂浆与玄武岩纤维之间有一定的黏接力和摩擦力,但二者的黏结性或相容性不足;MPC砂浆的水化过程不会对玄武岩纤维造成损伤。     

玄武岩纤维混凝土力学性能研究及机理分析

为了改善混凝土的力学性能,在混凝土中掺入一定量的玄武岩纤维,对玄武岩纤维在不同掺量下对基体混凝土的抗压、劈拉、弯拉强度等力学性能的影响进行了研究,并分析了增强机理的原因,最后得到玄武岩纤维的最佳掺量。     

高强玄武岩纤维混凝土的力学性能研究

为了改善高强混凝土的力学性能,在C60混凝土中掺入一定量的玄武岩纤维,研究了纤维掺量的改变对高强混凝土力学性能的影响。通过抗压强度、抗折强度、劈裂抗拉强度和轴心抗压强度试验结果可以看出：玄武岩纤维对抗压强度提高有限,对抗折强度、劈裂抗拉强度和轴心抗压强度提高幅度较明显。     

玄武岩纤维喷射混凝土在热害环境下的性能试验研究

以隧道热害问题为背景,通过模型试验、近似模拟湿喷技术、定量分析及微观测试相结合的方法研究不同掺量玄武岩纤维喷射混凝土劈裂强度和粘结强度等力学性能的影响,横向对比标准养护和干热养护下的不同体积掺量的玄武岩纤维混凝土的力学性能,同时也加入硅灰以及钢钎维作为参照,以便从机理程度上提出更有效的解决热害措施。试验研究表明:在混凝土中加入玄武岩纤维,对混凝土起到了增强和阻裂的作用,改善了混凝土的脆性易裂的破坏状况。干热环境下,加入少量的玄武岩纤维能够提高混凝土的力学性能。当玄武岩掺量为0.1%玄+5%硅灰时,喷射混凝土的力学性能最好,加入0.2%玄武岩纤维掺量,也有一定程度的改善。实际隧道施工中,可通过加入适量的玄武岩纤维和适量的硅灰,可降低混凝土在热害环境下的危害。     

玄武岩纤维橡胶混凝土力学及冻融性能试验研究

通过掺入5%~30%的橡胶颗粒、1~5 kg/m^3的玄武岩纤维,开展了玄武岩纤维橡胶混凝土力学性能及抗冻耐久性能试验研究,分析了不同配比下试件的抗压强度变化规律,探讨了玄武岩纤维、橡胶颗粒掺量对混凝土试件质量损失率、相对动弹性模量的影响。结果表明,掺入橡胶颗粒会导致混凝土抗压强度下降,但玄武岩纤维能保持试件破坏时的整体性;当橡胶颗粒用量较少时,玄武岩纤维的掺入能有效提高试件的抗压强度;橡胶颗粒及玄武岩纤维均能在不同程度上提高混凝土试件的抗冻性能,10%的橡胶颗粒掺量对冻融过程中的质量损失有较好的控制作用,但掺量过多时效果不明显;玄武岩纤维掺量对试件冻融过程中的质量损失、相对动弹模量变化相对不敏感,试件的冻融性质受橡胶颗粒的影响更加显著。     

雷州半岛玄武岩残积土的工程地质特性研究

雷州半岛玄武岩残积土属于区域性特殊土,全面系统地评价玄武岩残积土的工程地质特性对于该地区建设、地质工程勘察具有重要指导意义。玄武岩残积土是由玄武岩经过长期缓慢的风化分解与红土化作用形成,土层分布具有上细下粗的结构特征。黏土矿物以高岭石类为主,含有较多的游离氧化铁、铝。微观结构以凝块和絮凝结构为主,粒径小于1 μm的微孔占总孔隙70%以上。特殊的物质构成与结构形态导致其具有高孔隙率、低密度、高液限的物理特性,但强度较高的力学特征。该土的膨胀性小,但收缩性较大,夯击压实效果差,抗水性差,浸水饱和后力学性质劣化明显,同时对温度与湿度等环境因素敏感,在炎热多雨的气候影响下,颗粒间胶质容易发生脱水老化,导致结构强度减损,微观尺度上结构扰动、破坏,遇水产生严重的崩解现象与较大的湿陷变形,实际工程应关注强收缩势与降雨积水引发的工程灾害。     

河南大安玄武岩生产连续纤维的可利用性探讨

玄武岩连续纤维是以天然玄武岩矿石为原料,将矿石破碎后加入熔窑中,在1450～1500℃熔融后,通过喷丝板拉伸成连续纤维,并以玄武岩纤维为增强体制成的新型复合材料,是“石头变丝”的非金属无机纤维,其制品已被广泛应用于多种领域,具有第四大纤维和21世纪的新材料“绿色工业材料”之称。通过对河南省洛阳市大安玄武岩的形态、分布、熔岩层序、矿物组合、结构构造、物理性能等岩矿石特征研究,对比黑龙江宁安镜泊玄武岩特征,认为二者有极大相似性,从理论上肯定了大安玄武岩制造玄武岩连续纤维的可利用性,进而推动工业生产试验的进程。     

泥巴山隧道流纹岩加卸围压力学特性研究

 为了给泥巴山隧道开挖稳定性分析提供依据,选取钻孔深部的流纹岩,以隧道围岩实际应力环境为基础,结合单轴压缩破坏试验成果,进行常规三轴压缩破坏试验以及卸围压破坏试验。对流纹岩在不同试验条件下的应力–应变全过程曲线进行分析和比较,结果表明：在隧道部分深埋段,岩体的微裂隙也较发育;随着埋深的增加,岩石峰值强度有逐渐增大的趋势;完整的流纹岩抗压强度高且脆性特征明显;在三轴压缩试验时,流纹岩具有明显屈服特征,但经过很大的塑性变形后才发生宏观破坏,随着围压的增大,岩石从张性破坏向剪切破坏变化,破裂面倾角变缓;卸围压更容易造成岩石破坏,并且在卸围压破坏时其抗剪断参数c值比加围压破坏时下降48%,而 值增加11%。     

关于玄武岩纤维混凝土的增强机理研究

为探究短切玄武岩纤维对混凝土基本力学性能的影响机制,分析出短切玄武岩纤维对混凝土的增强机理。以C35普通混凝土为研究对象,短切玄武岩纤维长度和掺量为变量,通过静态力学性能试验将玄武岩纤维混凝土与素纤维混凝土的基本力学性能进行对比分析。并通过光学显微镜对玄武岩纤维混凝土的微观结构进行观察与分析,找出在混凝土中掺加玄武岩纤维的最佳纤维长度区间与最佳的纤维掺量区间。掺入玄武岩纤维后,抗压强度普遍降低,最高降低幅度达8.4%。劈拉强度和抗折强度明显提高,劈拉强度最大可提高23.8%。抗折强度最大可提高34.7%。光学显微镜下,玄武岩纤维分散均匀。在混凝土基体材料中呈各向异性,呈现出良好的密闭空间网状结构。     

玄武岩纤维混凝土力学性能与增韧机理研究

玄武岩纤维作为一种新型的工程纤维,已经引起了材料界与工程界的广泛关注。本试验研究了玄武岩纤维掺量分别为0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5 kg/m3情况下,玄武岩纤维混凝土的力学性能,并对其增强增韧机理进行了分析。试验结果表明:玄武岩纤维混凝土破坏形式体现出脆性破坏的特性,其28 d抗压强度较素混凝土提高了为5%~10%,但其掺量超过1.5 kg/m3后,其抗压强度呈下降的趋势。玄武岩纤维混凝土其韧性有较大幅度的提高,抗折强度较素混凝土提高了21%~29%,其抗冲击性能是基准混凝土的1.4倍~3.1倍。玄武岩纤维在混凝土基体中呈三维乱向均匀分布,起到了"二次微加筋"作用,通过纤维与水泥基体间的摩擦与纤维的拉拔作用,及基体中裂缝的萌生与扩展从而消耗基体的能量,起到增强增韧的作用。     

A proposed weathering classification for basalts and their engineering properties (Turkey)

Most of the volcanic rocks widespread in Turkey are basalt. The effect of weathering processes on the physical and mechanical properties of this type of rock is important. To assess these properties and relations to each other, a study was undertaken in the Niksar region. A detailed investigation was carried out on basalts in the road cuttings of the Niksar ring road and Ünye-Akku?-Niksar highway alignments. A new classification system for basaltic rocks which are substantially influenced by weathering is proposed. The basic engineering properties of the basalt representing each weathering grade were determined. The properties tested are dry density, porosity, coefficient of permeability, uniaxial compressive strength, tensile strength and Young’s modulus. Interrelationships were determined for all test results. It is concluded that there is a substantial degradation in the engineering properties of the rock beyond a specific degree of weathering.     

Effects of amygdale heterogeneity and sample size on the mechanical properties of basalt

Due to the complex diagenesis process,basalt usually contains defects in the form of amygdales formed by diagenetic bubbles,which affect its mechanical properties.In this study,a synthetic rock mass method(SRM)based on the combination of discrete fracture network(DFN)and finite-discrete element method(FDEM)is applied to characterizing the amygdaloidal basalt,and to systematically exploring the effects of the development characteristics of amygdales and sample sizes on the mechanical properties of basalt.The results show that with increasing amygdale content,the elastic modulus(E)increases linearly,while the uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)shows an exponential or logarithmic decay.When the orientation of amygdales is between 0°and 90°,basalt shows a relatively pronounced strength and stiffness anisotropy.Based on the analysis of the geometric and mechanical properties,the representative element volume(REV)size of amygdaloidal basalt blocks is determined to be 200 mm,and the mechanical properties obtained on this scale can be regarded as the properties of the equivalent continuum.The results of this research are of value to the understanding of the mechanical properties of amygdaloidal basalt,so as to guide the formulation of engineering design schemes more accurately.     

玄武岩纤维增强机场道面混凝土力学性能试验研究

针对当前机场混凝土道面使用过程中存在的部分问题,为提高道面强度及耐久性能,试验利用纤维增强混凝土技术,对比分析研究了两种规格的玄武岩纤维分别以0.05%,0.10%,0.15%的体积掺量对机场道面混凝土抗折、抗压强度性能的影响规律。试验结果表明:玄武岩纤维对机场道面混凝土有较好的力学增强性能,28 d抗折强度提高6.09%～19.80%,对抗压强度影响不明显,并且长度40 mm、直径40μm的短切玄武岩纤维较长度20 mm、直径20μm有更好的增强效果,可以在机场混凝土道面施工中使用,其最佳体积掺量为0.10%。     

玄武岩纤维改善再生水泥混凝土抗裂性能研究

交通运输业发展和建筑物拆除重建产生了大量的建筑垃圾。如何利用建筑工程垃圾成为亟待解决的问题。本文研究不同添加量玄武岩纤维对再生混凝土结构的基本机械性能和裂纹性能的影响。结果表明,玄武岩纤维可提高再生混凝土的抗裂性能。     

玄筋锚杆在应用中基本参数及锚固性能的研究

对传统锚杆基本参数和锚固性能进行了分析,在此基础上结合中华人民共和国交通运输部发布的玄武岩纤维及其制品的行业标准,对不同直径和不同外观的玄武岩纤维筋抗拉拔力进行比较,确定了玄筋锚杆在工程应用中的基本参数及锚固性能。     

玄武岩残积土的电阻率与直剪强度关系

西南地区的玄武岩残积土具有结构性强、孔隙比大、塑性指数高等不良工程特征,其原位地基承载力较高,但遇水后强度降幅较大。依托在建的贵州省毕节一威宁高速公路工程,运用现场原位测试、室内试验和理论分析等手段,测试了玄武岩残积土的电阻率和工程特性指标,讨论了以玄武岩残积土电学特性评价其工程特性的可行性,最后通过对比现场高密度电阻率法的实测结果,证实了以玄武岩残积土的电阻率评价其工程特性是可行的。     

Feasibility of columnar jointed basalt used for high-arch dam foundation

Columnar jointed basalt, with a lot of small-spacing structural planes and poor integrity, is a kind of fractured rock mass. Through comprehensive study of columnar joints shape, roughness of fracture surface and chemical composition of basalt, it is known that columnar joints of Baihetan dam area were formed as a result of cooling and shrinkage effects of magma. The columnar jointed basalt is mainly formed through chemical reaction of chlorite, kaolinite, epidote and tremolite, and the columnar joints mainly consist of chlorite according to slice identification and chemical analysis. Test results show that the columnar jointed basalt has high uniaxial compressive strength, low friction coefficient, and high cohesion, shear strength and deformation index. Meanwhile, the columnar jointed basalt is closely locked, and joint surfaces are well closed. The permeability of the rock is quite weak, and the P-wave velocity in the rock could get up to 5 000 m/s. All these show good rock properties. The columnar joints develop regularly, different from the general fractured rock masses. In summary, the columnar jointed basalt can be used directly as a foundation of dam.