非线性包装件加速度响应首次穿越问题分析

研究非线性包装件在随机振动支座激励下加速度响应的首次穿越损坏概率的分析方法。将随机振动激励离散化表示在标准随机变量空间,构建求解包装件加速度响应首次穿越概率的分析方法。对于非线性系统,应用模型修正因子法构建了系统修正理想化分析模型,用于近似估计非线性系统设计点,由于应用模型修正因子法估计的可靠度指标不小于真实非线性系统可靠度指标,应用最小化可靠度指标求得理想化模型的参数,可准确求得非线性系统设计点。应用一阶可靠性方法分析了非线性包装件加速度首次穿越损坏的概率。实例分析表明,所构建的首次穿越损坏概率分析方法具有良好的准确性,对于包装件振动可靠度分析和优化包装设计具有重要意义。     

非线性包装系统中关键部件振动可靠度分析

研究非线性包装件中关键部件在真实的具有一定谱特征的随机振动激励下的振动可靠度。考虑到实测随机振动PSD曲线的多峰值特征,采用多阶Kanai-Tajimi模型模拟随机振动的功率谱密度,将真实随机振动在标准正态随机变量空间中离散化表达。考虑包装件中的关键部件,将包装件建模为二自由度非线性支座激励系统,应用模型修正因子法,将非线性包装件等效表示为一个线性化系统,应用一阶可靠度方法分析包装系统中关键部件的首次穿越损坏概率。应用数值分析的方法分析包装件中各参数变化对损坏概率的影响。该研究对于计算包装件损坏概率、优化包装件参数以提高振动可靠度,具有重要的指导意义。     

基于镜像激励的结构动力学系统的设计点激励

在随机振动及结构可靠性研究中,动力学系统的设计点激励有着不可替代的作用,但非线性动力学系统设计点激励的计算方法仍是当今研究者的焦点之一。该文利用振子自由振动响应的镜像激励,给出了高斯白噪声激励下非线性系统的设计点激励,并将其应用到首穿失效概率估计问题中,与原始的蒙特卡罗模拟相比较,两者体现了高度的一致性。为进一步说明该文方法的正确性,针对线性系统,利用解析方法获得设计点激励的准确值,利用镜像方法所得近似值,将其均应用到首穿失效概率的计算中,数值例子显示,两种方法所得设计点激励稍有不同,但在计算首穿失效概率时,展现出同样的有效性。     

随机振动条件下包装件动态特性识别方法

目的建立一种识别包装件在随机振动激励条件下的动态特性方法。方法基于多自由度系统的伊藤方程,运用随机响应矩分析法分析系统的恢复力特性和阻尼特性与响应统计量之间的数学关系,建立应用推导的代数关系分析系统动态特性的方法。采用单自由度非线性系统和二自由度线性系统作为实例,验证方法的准确性。结果从实例中参数识别结果和真实值的对比表明,识别结果的误差小于2%,具有良好的准确性。文中方法是一种仅应用响应数据的时域方法,具有良好的通用性。结论文中方法可用于随机振动激励条件下包装件的动态特性识别。     

Matlab／Simulink仿真技术在缓冲包装中的应用

以缓冲包装系统中最典型的单自由度线性与非线性系统中三次函数弹性体为例。从求解系统动态响应的角度出发。分析了线性和非线性缓冲包装系统的建模方法。利用Matlab/Simulink动态系统仿真软件包建立了仿真模型，输入模型参数，可以方便显示系统的冲击响应曲线。     

非线性包装系统自由振动特性的对称性解法

目的基于Lie积分法精确解析求解包装系统的非线性自由振动响应。方法考虑到弹簧恢复力三次多项式形式的非线性关系,依据分析力学准则建立系统单自由度含阻尼动力学模型;首次运用微分方程Lie群变换理论求解系统的对称性和2个首次积分,证明在结构设计参数满足一定关系时,包装系统自由振动的精确解是一类椭圆积分函数。结果实际算例仿真计算表明,系统的自共振频率随着初始振幅条件的增大而增大,非线性系数项使得位移响应振幅的衰减变快。结论从推演过程可看出,将Lie对称性理论应用到包装系统非线性动力学特性研究中,系统的非线性系数以及阻尼系数无需满足小参数假设,因此适用范围更广。     

关于线性和非线性系统内在的本质联系——多自由度非线性系统的定量和定性分析

多自由度非线性振动问题是历史性国际难题,其求解方法有数值解和渐近解析解或两者结合.基于近代有限元和子结构模态综合法的动力学建模方法,获得非线性系统动力学微分方程,其自由度几乎没有限制,对左端首次近似齐次方程进行模态分析,选取对响应有贡献的部分本征对,同样对右端激励和非线性伪力作模态变换,得到减缩后非线性系统耦合动力学微分方程.用数值方法求出系统非线性响应进行定量分析,也可获得在指定参数的变动中可能发生的主谐、超谐、亚谐和组合共振,极限环和分岔、混沌等各种非线性振动现象,但其缺点是不能作一般性定性分析.渐近解析解可进行分岔混沌现象的定性分析,但迄今只限于单、两自由度系统.若系统进入共振状态,系统响应相应急剧增加到大振幅振动,振动从微幅线性振动过渡到大幅非线性振动,因之系统运动主要由所涉及的各阶单一主模态所控制.这可称为"单模态共振理论".当发生共振时,单模态理论可把多自由度系统变换为解耦的多个单自由度系统,因之可采用渐近解析法逐个进行分岔混沌等定性分析,这就克服了高自由度非线性系统定性分析的困难.为了剖析线性和非线性系统内在的本质联系,论证了首次近似表征线性系统特性的主模态是沟通线性振动和非线性振动之间的桥梁,揭示了高自由度线性振动和非线性振动都是以线性主模态呈现其运动规律.     

二自由度线性系统跌落响应影响因素分析

把运输包装件简化为两自由度系统,基于Matlab,运用四阶龙格-库塔法对具有线性弹性材料的缓冲包装系统进行数值分析,分别讨论了跌落高度、阻尼比、频率比、质量比对主体及易损件位移及加速度响应的影响;该方法和结论对缓冲包装设计具有重要意义.     

道路不平顺激励下车辆运输非线性包装系统动力学响应

目的研究运输车辆-非线性包装系统耦合系统在路面脉冲激励下的隔振特性。方法整体考虑路面-运载工具-缓冲包装材料-物品之间耦合的非线性振动传递模型,建立基于二分之一系统的五自由度路面脉冲激励下车辆-非线性包装系统运动分析理论模型,推导得到系统动力学方程并求解。依据结果比较考虑车辆-非线性包装系统耦合及不考虑两者耦合对运输包装件的影响,从而得知考虑车辆-非线性包装件系统耦合系统下包装件最大竖向位移是不考虑两者耦合情况下的1.25倍左右,并分别对隔振材料非线性因素及路面不平顺因素对包装件的影响进行分析。结果在车辆运输过程中,隔振材料的非线性因素及路面不平顺因素对包装件系统的响应会产生一定的影响。结论对于精确进行被动隔振设计和隔振效果评价具有积极意义。     

考虑摩擦效应的包装件跌落冲击响应研究

目的研究考虑摩擦效应的单自由度包装件系统的跌落冲击动力学过程。方法考虑摩擦力为常数和三次非线性函数的2种干摩擦模型,分析2种干摩擦模型下摩擦力参数对于产品最大加速度以及位移响应的影响。结果库仑干摩擦力对于产品的响应影响可以忽略不计,当缓冲材料的刚度较小时,三次非线性干摩擦模型对产品的最大加速度以及位移响应能够产生一定的影响,摩擦常系数r越大,产品响应频率越快,响应周期越短,此时摩擦力不能忽略。结论通过对不同的摩擦模型进行分析,所产生的影响不同,为考虑摩擦效应的包装件跌落冲击响应研究提供一些理论依据。     

Tail-equivalent linearization method for nonlinear random vibration

A new, non-parametric linearization method for nonlinear random vibration analysis is developed. The method employs a discrete representation of the stochastic excitation and concepts from the first-order reliability method, FORM. For a specified response threshold of the nonlinear system, the equivalent linear system is defined by matching the “design points” of the linear and nonlinear responses in the space of the standard normal random variables obtained from the discretization of the excitation. Due to this definition, the tail probability of the linear system is equal to the first-order approximation of the tail probability of the nonlinear system, this property motivating the name Tail-Equivalent Linearization Method (TELM). It is shown that the equivalent linear system is uniquely determined in terms of its impulse response function in a non-parametric form from the knowledge of the design point. The paper examines the influences of various parameters on the tail-equivalent linear system, presents an algorithm for finding the needed sequence of design points, and describes methods for determining various statistics of the nonlinear response, such as the probability distribution, the mean level-crossing rate and the first-passage probability. Applications to single- and multi-degree-of-freedom, non-degrading hysteretic systems illustrate various features of the method, and comparisons with results obtained by Monte Carlo simulations and by the conventional equivalent linearization method (ELM) demonstrate the superior accuracy of TELM over ELM, particularly for high response thresholds.     

非线性流滞阻尼器耗能结构随机地震响应和首超时间分析

对非线性流滞阻尼器耗能结构在Kanai-Tajimi谱地震激励下的随机响应及其随机失效时间和动力可靠性进行了系统研究。首先建立了结构的非线性运动方程;然后,基于随机平均法,将结构响应幅值近似为一维markov扩散过程,获得了扩散过程漂移系数和扩散系数的解析表达式;其次,利用扩散过程与FPK方程的对应关系,获得了幅值平稳概率密度函数和幅值任意阶矩的解析表达式;再次,利用幅值与结构位移和速度的相互转化关系,获得了结构位移与速度的平稳联合概率密度函数和位移、速度方差以及位移期望穿越率的解析表达式;最后,利用扩散过程的后向Kolmogrov方程,基于首超失效模型,建立了结构动力可靠性函数方程和结构随机失效时间统计矩方程,并利用一维扩散过程的边界分类性质,将统计矩方程的奇异定性边界条件转化为等价的定量边界条件,进而获得了失效时间任意阶统计矩的解析解,并利用此矩,对结构动力可靠性和失效时间概率分布函数进行了近似分析,给出了算例,从而建立了结构非线性随机地震响应及其随机失效时间和动力可靠性的分析方法。     

Data-driven identification for approximate analytical solution of first-passage problem

The first-passage problem plays a significant role in engineering performance evaluation and design optimization. To address general stochastic dynamical systems, a data-driven method is proposed to identify approximate analytical solutions for the first-passage problem which explicitly includes parameters of the system, excitation, and those related to the initial and boundary conditions. The method consists of two successive processes. First, the probability density of the first-passage time is assumed to satisfy the modified Weibull distribution and its expansion expression is constructed by using the rule of dimensional consistency. Second, by comparing the expansion with the probability density of the first-passage time estimated from random state data, the coefficients are determined by solving a set of overdetermined linear algebraic equations. Two representative examples, including the Duffing oscillator and a 2-DOF nonlinear dynamical system, are discussed in detail to illustrate the application and efficiency of the data-driven method. The efficacies of the approximate analytical solutions for the external parameters are also verified.     

变摩擦TMD特性和简谐激励控制效果的研究

提出一种变正压力式变摩擦装置,通过改变摩擦面正压力实现摩擦力随系统位移增大而增大。将其用于TMD能有效克服常摩擦TMD摩擦力不可变的缺点。采用一阶谐波平衡法推导了变摩擦系统的等效阻尼比和等效频率,分析了系统各参数对其等效阻尼比和等效频率的影响,通过与经典阻尼单自由度系统的比较探讨了单自由度变摩擦系统的频率响应特性。从理论和试验两个方面研究了简谐激励下变摩擦TMD对单自由度主结构振动控制的特点。分析结果表明,变摩擦TMD的频率响应特性与经典阻尼TMD类似,二者都能有效减小主结构频率响应曲线的峰值,试验结果验证了变摩擦TMD在简谐激励下的有效性     

Nonlinear Dynamic Characteristics and Optimal Control of Giant Magnetostrictive Laminated Plate Subjected to In-plane Stochastic Excitation

In this paper, nonlinear dynamic characteristics and optimal control of giant magnetostrictive laminated plate (GMLP) subjected to in-plane stochastic excitation were studied. Von del Pol nonlinear item was introduced to interpret the hysteresis phenomenon of the strain–magnetic field intensity curve of giant magnetostrictive material, and the nonlinear dynamic model of GMLP subjected to in-plane stochastic excitation was developed. Local and global stochastic stabilities were analyzed according to largest Lyapunov exponent theory and singular boundary theory. The functions of steady-state probability density and joint probability density were obtained, and the condition of stochastic Hopf bifurcation was analyzed. The reliability function was solved from backward Kolmogorov equation, and the probability density of the first-passage time was obtained. Finally, the optimal control strategy was proposed in stochastic dynamic programming method. Numerical simulation shows that the stability of the solution varies with parameter, and stochastic Hopf bifurcation appears in the process; the reliability of the system was improved by optimal control, and the first-passage time was delayed. The result is helpful to engineering applications of GMLP.     

基于加权线性响应面法的支持向量机可靠性分析方法

针对估算非线性隐式极限状态函数的失效概率问题,提出了一种基于加权线性响应面法的支持向量机可靠性分析方法。首先采用加权线性响应面确定设计点,在线性响应面迭代的同时获得一定数量的样本,然后在这些样本和设计点附近补充抽取样本的基础上,采用具有良好小样本学习能力的支持向量机方法来训练样本,保证了在设计点周围获得更好的非线性极限状态函数的替代。这种方法既保证了对设计点的精确近似,又保证了对设计点附近非线性极限状态函数的良好近似,大大提高了失效概率的计算精度,为非线性隐式极限状态的可靠性分析提供了一种合理可行的方法。     

Nonlinear random vibration of the slender deep-water pier under seismic excitation

The present study investigates the nonlinear random vibration of the deep-water pier exposed to horizontal seismic excitation. First of all, the stochastic dynamic model of the pier is formulated. During the process, the pier is simplified as a cantilever beam fixed on the rock foundation, the seismic excitation is treated as Gaussian white noise, the hydrodynamic pressure is described with the radiation wave theory, and the equation for the nonlinear kinematic of the pier is deduced by the means of Kane’s method. Then, with the application of the stochastic averaging (SA) technique, the Fokker–Plank–Kolmogorov (FPK) equation governing the transient probability density function (PDF) of the amplitude envelope and the backward Kolmogorov (BK) equation for the conditional reliability function (CRF) are derived, respectively. The closed-form stationary PDF can be yielded directly from the reduced FPK equation, while the CRF and the conditional PDF of first-passage time are given after solving the BK equation numerically. Numerical discussions are performed to illustrate the trend of excitation intensity, mass ratio, immersion ratio, and inner and outer hydrodynamic effect on the stationary response and first-passage failure are examined, respectively. It has been shown that increases in the excitation intensity, mass ratio, and immersion ratio can amplify the response and reduce the reliability of the deep-water pier system. The hydrodynamic effect also leads to an amplification of the system response and a reduction in the reliability of the system. Similarly, the presence of inner water can also exacerbate these effects, and this phenomenon becomes more pronounced with increasing immersed ratios. Additionally, the analytical solution is validated by the result obtained by pertained Monte Carlo simulations (MCS). It is noted that this work will be helpful for the optimal seismic design of deep-water piers.     

宽带激励下非线性振动系统响应的最小化控制

将一种基于广义谐和函数的随机平均法和随机动态规划原理相结合，提出了一种非线性随机最优控制方法，可以为受宽带激励的单自由度强非线性振动系统设计最优控制规律，以使得系统的稳态响应最小化。方法中的随机平均法用来得到受控系统位移幅值的Ito随机微分方程；用随机动态规划原理为系统稳态响应最小化建立动态规划方程；在控制力为有界的条件下，从动态规划方程中可以导出最优控制规律；通过求解FPK方程得到受控系统的响应。本文用一个具体的例子阐述了这一控制方法的实施过程。     

First-passage failure of Duhem hysteretic systems

Mechanical and structural systems under dynamic loading always represent hysteresis behavior, which is a typical nonlinear phenomenon and lets the dynamic responses of the systems remarkably deviate from that of corresponding equivalent linear systems. The Duhem hysteretic model is versatile to cover most existing hysteresis models and to describe the hysteretic behavior more accurately, and the investigation and application of that are abundant. The combination of the equivalent nonlinearization technique, which transforms the hysteretic force into energy-depending damping and stiffness, and the stochastic averaging technique yields the best forecast for the dynamic responses. The first-passage failure of Duhem hysteretic systems, an important question in random vibration, however, remains open. The analysis of the backward Kolmogorov equation associated with the averaged It? stochastic differential equation generates the reliability function and probability density function, and the effects of system parameters on first-passage failure are discussed concisely. The present work will guide the parameter design of the Duhem materials to decrease the probability of first-passage failure and make the Duhem systems safer.