GH4169合金锻造混晶组织的均匀细化机制与工艺

目的 消除GH4169合金锻造混晶组织,获得高品质GH4169合金锻件的制备工艺.方法 对变形后锻件进行后续的热处理退火,探明均匀细化锻造混晶组织的热处理工艺方法与机制.首先,设计并实施不同的单级退火工艺及双级退火工艺.随后,统计不同热处理退火工艺下锻造混晶组织的平均晶粒尺寸.最后,分析不同热处理退火工艺下混晶组织的细...     

钛合金双安装板静子叶片精锻成形工艺优化

为了缩短双安装板结构的TC4合金低压第二级静子叶片精锻工艺流程,并得到更优的金相组织、力学性能,首次将等温锻造方法引入叶片精锻工艺中,采用一火次等温预锻代替两火次普通预锻.利用刚粘塑性有限元法模拟等温预锻过程,分析了金属流动规律、应变场等的变化情况.结果表明,所成形的等温预锻件应力较低、应变分布比较均匀.经叶片成形工艺试验,得到了采用等温预锻的叶片精锻件,将采用普通预锻的叶片精锻件与之对比,发现采用等温预锻的叶片较采用普通预锻的叶片金相组织均匀性好,而两者的力学性能相当.     

TC8合金转子叶片锻造工艺研究

为研制一项TC8合金转子叶片,并达到提高锻造生产效率、降低生产成本的目的,进行了锻造工艺性试验、工艺参数试验,研究了TC8合金锻造工艺适应性以及加热温度、变形程度对低倍组织、显微组织及力学性能的影响.结果表明,TC8合金十分适合锻造工艺,采用较低的锻造加热温度能够获得初生α相含量更高的等轴组织,变形程度在40%以内所获得的组织均匀性较好.在此基础上,依据TC8合金转子叶片单榫头、小尺寸的结构特点,采用了高效的挤压制坯+终锻成形工艺,通过叶片锻造成形试验,试制出了具有均匀且状态理想的金相组织、良好表面质量的TC8合金转子叶片锻件,表明了所制定的叶片成形工艺及工艺参数合理可行.     

GH4169合金Delta工艺中的变形行为和微观组织演变

在950-1010℃用GH4169合金的Delta工艺进行应变速率为0.005-0.1 s-1的等温恒应变速率压缩实验,系统研究了δ相对合金热变形行为和微观组织演变的影响。结果表明:初始δ相含量分别为0、3.65%和8.14%的GH4169合金的真应力–真应变曲线均为具有单峰特征的曲线,其本构方程均满足双曲正弦函数,变形激活能分别为441.3、445.8和487.7 kJ/mol;3种合金在热变形过程中的主要软化机制均为动态再结晶;在相同变形条件下,随着δ相含量的增加,动态再结晶临界应变显著降低,再结晶晶粒尺寸减小,再结晶体积分数增大;其中固溶态合金的再结晶形核方式主要为基体γ相的晶界弓弯形核,而预析出δ相的合金中δ相与基体γ相的相界也是再结晶形核的有利位置。由此可见,δ相的存在能促进动态再结晶的发生。     

GH4169合金变应变速率热变形过程动态再结晶动力学行为及建模

目的 研究变应变速率高温变形过程中GH4169合金动态再结晶行为和晶粒组织的演变机理.方法 在不同变应变速率工况下对GH4169合金进行高温压缩实验,分析了变形参数对动态再结晶行为与晶粒组织的影响规律,建立变应变速率工艺下GH4169动态再结晶动力学和晶粒尺寸预测模型.结果 随着第一阶段真应变的增加或第一阶段/第二阶段...     

热处理制度对GH4169冷轧叶片组织性能的影响

为了研究热处理制度对GH4169冷轧叶片组织性能的影响,对GH4169合金经不同变形量冷轧后在不同温度下进行软化处理,采用金相显微镜及拉力试验机等分析热处理软化温度对合金再结晶、δ相、γ’’相、γ’相及性能的影响.试验结果表明,GH4169合金经不同变形量冷变形后,软化处理温度由970℃提高到995℃,不但可以实现完全再结晶,而且δ相可以完全溶入基体,有效降低了合金硬度,有利于冷变形的继续进行,且对合金力学性能无影响.     

锻态GH4169合金热变形本构方程及热加工图

目的 研究锻态GH4169合金的热变形行为,获得优化的热加工参数。方法 采用Gleeble 3500热模拟实验机对锻态GH4169合金进行不同工艺参数的热压缩实验,建立锻态GH4169合金的热变形本构方程,分析流变应力与热加工参数之间的关系。根据获得的流变应力–应变曲线建立锻态GH4169合金的热加工图。采用金相显微镜观察锻态GH4169合金变形后的显微组织。结果 锻态GH4169合金的应力随变形温度的增加和应变速率的降低而降低。基于锻态GH4169合金的热加工图可知,锻态GH4169合金可热加工的区域分别为987～1 027℃/0.026～0.01 s^-1和1 070～1 100℃/0.026～0.01 s^-1,最优热加工参数分别为1 000℃/0.01 s^-1和1100℃/0.01s^-1。通过金相组织结果分析可知,锻态GH4169合金无论在低温高应变速率条件下,还是在高温低应变速率条件下都发生了再结晶。对于热加工图中的流变失稳区,合金的动态再结晶主要与变形热有关。对于热加工图中可热加工的区域,合...     

对击锤与液压机锻造GH4169盘件组织与性能分析

目的 揭示在对击锤与液压机模锻工艺下盘件的组织与性能差异,为锻造工艺选择和指导生产实践提供理论依据。方法 采用数值模拟方法,对GH4169涡轮盘在63TM对击锤和200MN等温锻压机上的成形过程进行对比分析,通过对不同工艺制备的GH4169合金经直接时效后进行组织形貌观察和力学性能测试,探究对击锤模锻与液压机等温模锻GH4169合金盘件的组织与性能差异。结果 2种工艺下盘件的等效应变分布差异不大,但液压机成形盘件的温度比锤锻高,且温度分布的均匀性略优;对击锤模锻的GH4169合金内留存高密度位错,有效促进 相形核,沉淀强化相的增多使其具有更高的抗拉和屈服强度。结论 与液压机锻造相比,锤锻GH4169合金盘件具有更好的综合性能。     

微量元素P、B对GH4169合金组织与蠕变性能的影响

通过对等温锻造合金进行直接时效、蠕变性能测试和组织形貌观察,研究了微量元素P、B对GH4169合金组织结构及蠕变行为的影响.结果表明:添加微量P、B可促使粒状δ相在合金中析出,且沿晶界不连续析出的δ相可抑制晶界滑移,提高合金的蠕变抗力;在试验温度和应力范围内,测定出GH4169G合金具有较高的蠕变激活能Q=594.7 ...     

GH4169合金双锥实验组织模拟与验证研究

建立了综合考虑变形参数、温升、冷速等交互作用的GH4169合金热变形组织演化预测模型及计算流程,同时,采用外廓尺寸约为200mm×160mm的双锥形试样为研究对象,在980,1020,1060,1120℃温度下进行锻造的组织演变模拟计算和验证实验。结果表明:采用的双锥形试样能够较好地符合零件锻造的实际状态,建立的组织预测模型是合理可行的,能够实现合金锻造过程的组织模拟。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.