Expression and clinical significance of hTERT in hepatocellular carcinoma

目的 探讨端粒酶逆转录酶(hTERT)在原发性肝癌(HCC)中的表达,为肝癌早发现、治疗方案的选择、预后分析提供理论根据.方法 (1)采用免疫组化、RT-PCR法检测HCC及其癌旁组织和正常肝组织中hTERT基因表达水平.(2)比较hTERT检测和影像检查的诊断阳性率并对部分患者进行随访.结果 (1)hTERT在HCC和癌旁组织的阳性表达差异有显著性(P＜0.01).正常肝组织未见阳性表达.(2)hTERT检测诊断小肝癌阳性率高于影像学诊断；hTERT与影像学在癌旁组织的诊断阳性率差异有显著性(P＜0.01).(3)18例患者在随访期内有7例发生转移复发,均为hTERT阳性表达者.结论 (1) hTERT在肝癌组织中呈高表达水平；(2)hTERT在肝癌组织诊断中,小肝癌阳性率高于影像学诊断,癌旁组织诊断中,hTERT优于影像学诊断.(3)hTERT具有预示肝癌复发、转移的作用,可能成为辅助诊断和预后判断的指标之一.     

膀胱移行细胞癌错配修复基因hMLH1、hMSH2、hMSH3启动子甲基化状态的研究

目的 探讨错配修复基因hMLH1、hMSH2、hMSH3在膀胱移行细胞癌中启动子甲基化和蛋白表达的相关性.方法 采用甲基化特异聚合酶链反应(MSP)检测正常膀胱上皮组织(13例)及膀胱移行细胞癌组织(57例)hMLH1、hMSH2、hMSH3启动子甲基化状态,免疫组织化学检测其蛋白表达.结果 在正常膀胱上皮中,hMLH1、hMSH2、hMSH3均未发现启动子甲基化;在肿瘤组织中,hMSH2未发现启动子甲基化,hMLH1、hMSH3启动子甲基化阳性率分别为36.8%、49.1%,与正常组织比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01),但在不同肿瘤分级(G1、G2、G3)间及不同临床分期(浅表性、浸润性)间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).免疫组织化学显示:hMLH1、hMSH2、hMSH3蛋白表达在正常膀胱上皮组织中,阳性表达率分别为100%、100%、92.3%,与肿瘤组织阳性表达率分别为59.6%、52.6%、40.4%,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),但在不同临床分期(浅表性、浸润性)间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),且hMSH2、hMSH3蛋白阳性表达率随肿瘤分级的增加显著降低,G1与G3比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).在肿瘤组织中,hMLH1和hMSH3启动子甲基化与蛋白表达具有极显著相关性(P＜0.01).结论 hMLH1、hMSH3蛋白表达受其启动子甲基化的调控,hMSH2蛋白表达不受其启动子甲基化的调控.错配修复基因hMLH1、hMSH2、hMSH3蛋白表达的缺失可能参与了膀胱移行细胞癌的发生.     

hTERT和Smad4在胰腺癌中的表达及意义

目的探讨端粒酶逆转录酶(hTERT)蛋白和Smad4蛋白在胰腺癌中的表达及意义。方法采用免疫组化SP法检测45例胰腺癌标本和对应的癌旁非癌胰腺组织hTERT蛋白和Smad4蛋白表达的情况。结果45例胰腺癌组织hTERT和Smad4阳性率分别为91.11%(41/45)和42.22%(19/45),对应的癌旁非癌胰腺组织阳性率分别为13.33%(6/45)和88.88%(40/45),二者之间的差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);hTERT和Smad4与肿瘤的分化程度和淋巴结转移无相关性(P>0.05);hTERT和Smad4之间无相关关系(P>0.05)。结论胰腺癌组织与正常胰腺组织相比,hTERT表达增加,Smad4表达减少,其改变在胰腺癌的发生发展中可能起重要作用,两者联合检测有助于胰腺癌的早期诊断。     

Eph受体酪氨酸激酶A2和CD133在胃癌组织的表达及其与胃癌发生发展的关系

目的 探讨Eph受体酪氨酸激酶A2(EphA2)和CD133在胃癌组织中的表达及其与临床病理特征和预后关系.方法 采用免疫组织化学法检测82例胃癌患者手术切除的癌组织和癌旁组织中EphA2和CD133表达水平.结果 EphA2在胃癌组织中的表达率明显高于癌旁组织(86.59％比20.73％,P＜0.01),CD133在胃癌组织中的表达率明显高于癌旁组织(67.07％比10.98％,P＜0.01);EphA2表达水平与胃癌TNM分期、淋巴结转移明显相关(P＜0.05),CD133表达水平与胃癌组织学分化程度、TNM分期、淋巴结转移明显相关(P＜0.05).结论 EphA2和CD133过度表达可能在胃癌的发生、发展过程中发挥作用.     

Survivin mRNA和蛋白在肝母细胞瘤组织中的表达

目的 观察肝母细胞瘤组织中Survivin mRNA与蛋白表达.方法 采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法检测16例肝母细胞瘤及相应癌旁组织中Survivin mRNA的表达,免疫组织化学SP法及Western blot法检测Survivin蛋白在肝母细胞瘤中的表达.结果 在肝母细胞瘤及其相应的癌旁组织中Survivin mRNA表达的阳性率分别为62.5％和11.1％,Survivin蛋白表达的阳性率分别为81.3％和22.2％,肝母细胞瘤组均远高于癌旁组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);Survivin蛋白在肝母细胞瘤组织中的表达随肿瘤分期增高而增加;Ⅲ、Ⅳ期肝母细胞瘤组织Survivin mRNA 的表达量分别为2.390±0.071和4.506±0.309,明显高于早期肝母细胞瘤组织(P＜0.05).结论 Survivin 基因的高表达可能在肝母细胞瘤的发生及发展中起重要作用.     

膀胱癌错配修复基因hMSH2表达的研究

目的 探讨错配修复基因hMSH2在膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达情况及其与肿瘤细胞增殖、凋亡的关系.方法 采用免疫组化法检测101例膀胱移行细胞癌错配修复基因hMSH2以及细胞增殖抗原Ki-67的表达情况,原位末端标记(TUNEL)法检测肿瘤细胞凋亡情况.结果 hMSH2表达于非膀胱肿瘤尿路上皮及部分膀胱移行细胞癌的细胞核,膀胱移行细胞癌组低表达率较非膀胱肿瘤膀胱组织组高(P=0.004,＜0.05);膀胱移行细胞癌pT2-pT4组中hMSH2的低表达率比pTis-pT1组的低表达率高(P=0.016,＜0.05);G1、G2、G3三组间低表达率的总体差别有统计学意义(P=0.033,＜0.05),G1+G2组与G3组之间差别有统计学意义(P=0.036＜0.05);有无淋巴结转移组差别无统计学意义(P=0.317).hMSH2弱表达组与强表达组间凋亡指数(AI)均值差异非常显著(P＜0.01),Ki-67标记指数(Ki-67 LI)均值差异不显著(P＞0.05),AI/KI值差异经统计学分析具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 hMSH2基因突变或功能缺失与膀胱移行细胞癌的发生有关,可能系肿瘤发生过程中的重要事件,并可能与肿瘤细胞凋亡有关,而与增殖活性无关.     

RASSF1A在胃癌中的表达及其甲基化状态的研究

目的：研究胃癌组织中RASSF1A基因启动子区甲基化及其蛋白表达情况,分析两者之间的关系及其在胃癌发生发展中的作用。方法：应用免疫组化SP法检测39例胃癌组织,39例相应癌旁组织及30例对照组织中RASSF1A蛋白表达,应用甲基化特异性PCR法检测上述组织RASSF1A启动子CpG岛甲基化状态。结果：1）胃癌组RASSF1A蛋白表达阳性率53.8%明显低于癌旁组97.4%及正常对照组100%（P〈0.05）;2）胃癌组织中RASSF1A基因启动子区甲基化率为64.1%,显著高于癌旁组织甲基化率7.7%及对照组0%（P〈0.05）;3）在胃癌组织中,甲基化组RASSF1A蛋白表达明显低于非甲基化组（P〈0.05）。结论：胃癌组织RASSF1A蛋白表达缺失或低下,与其启动子甲基化程度增高显著相关,RASSF1A启动子甲基化在胃癌发生、发展中起一定作用。     

DAB2IP和β-连环蛋白表达与胃癌临床病理特征的关系

探讨抑癌基因DAB2相互作用蛋白(DAB2IP)与β-连环蛋白(β-catenin)表达与胃癌临床病理特征的关系。采用免疫组化染色技术对2016年6月—2017年1月收集的88例手术后胃癌组织标本及符合标准的44例癌旁组标本进行检测,对比两组标本中的DAB2IP蛋白、β-catenin蛋白表达差异并分析不同组织学分级、浸润深度、TNM分期、病灶大小的癌组织中DAB2IP蛋白、β-catenin蛋白表达差异。胃癌组织中的DAB2IP蛋白、β-catenin蛋白阳性率分别为46.59%、75.00%,癌旁组织的DAB2IP蛋白、β-cate nin蛋白阳性率分别为84.09%、25.00%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);在不同TNM分期、是否发生淋巴结转移、以及不同分化程度的胃癌组织中的DAB2IP蛋白和β-catenin蛋白阳性率比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);不同病灶直径的胃癌组织中的DAB2IP蛋白、β-catenin蛋白阳性率表达差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。胃癌组织中的DAB2IP蛋白表达下调、β-catenin蛋白表达上调,并且与TNM分期、淋巴结转移、分化程度关系密切。     

错配修复基因hMLH1,hMSH2在肝门部胆管癌中的表达和意义

目的 检测肝门部胆管癌中错配修复基因hMLH1,hMSH2失表达情况,研究其与肝门部胆管癌临床特征的关系,并探讨其与预后的相关性.方法 用免疫组织化学技术检测54例肝门部胆管癌组织、25例正常胆管中hMLH1,hMSH2表达,结合临床病理学资料及随访统计资料进行统计学处理分析.结果 (1)在54例肝门部胆管癌组织中,hMLH1蛋白阳性表达24例,其阳性率44.4%;25例正常胆管组织中,hMLH1蛋白阳性表达23例,其阳性率92.0%;hMSH2蛋白癌组织阳性表达21例,其阳性率38.9%;hMSH2蛋白在正常胆管组织阳性表达21例,其阳性率84.0%.hMLH1,hMSH2在肝门部胆管癌组织中的表达明显减少,二者比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).(2)根据统计学检验,hMLH1,hMSH2表达与肝门部胆管癌Bismuth分型(P＞0.05)、病人性别(P＞0.05)、年龄(P＞0.05)、肿瘤大小(P＞0.05)无关,但与病理分级(P＜0.05)和淋巴结转移(P＜0.05)具有显著相关性.(3)hMLH1表达阴性组术后2年生存率明显低于表达阳性组(15%VS 45.4%,P＜0.05).hMSH2表达阴性组术后2年生存率明显低于表达阳性组(23.5%VS44%,P＜0.05).结论 hMLH1,hMSH2在肝门胆管癌中的失表达在肿瘤的发生、发展及转移中起重要作用,是判断预后有价值的指标.     

胃癌及其癌旁病变中p16、nm23-H_l基因蛋白的表达及意义

目的:应用免疫组化方法探讨p16蛋白在胃癌发生中的作用.方法:应用免疫组化方法对57例胃癌切除标本进行p16蛋白和nm23-H_1基因产物的表达检测.结果:57例胃癌中p16蛋白表达阳性率为40/57(70.2%),显著低于癌旁正常胃粘膜(P<0.01).胃癌高分化组的阳性率显著高于低分化组(P     

牙体牙弓颌骨阻力中心及其临床意义

牙体、牙弓及颌骨的阻力中心在正畸矫治力系统中具有重要的意义,也是正畸学领域争论较多的一个问题。Dermaut等研究表明,当力作用于物体阻力中心时,物体将发生平动,否则将发生平动和转动的复合运动。目前,国内外多数学者认为牙体、牙弓及颌骨存在阻力中心,但其位置存在争议。本文就牙体、牙弓及颌骨的阻力中心及其临床意义作一综述。     

Hazards and complications of endoscopic transurethral ureterolithotripsy and lithoextraction and means of prevention

Complications related to ureterolithotomy and ultrasonic ureterolithotripsy performed under the control of visual endoscope were analyzed in 86 ureterolithiasis patients, methods of their prevention discussed. All the aforementioned complications were distributed into three groups: inapplicability of surgery due to anatomic and functional defects of lower and upper urinary tracts, intraoperative, and postoperative complications. The commonest ones were ureteral abruption and perforation, acute pyelonephritis, temporary vesicoureteral reflux. Their control measures were considered as relative methods of treatment: immediate surgical intervention in case of ureteral abruption, renal catheterization in patients with insignificant ureteral perforation or acute pyelonephritis. Adequate ureteroscopy, careful consideration of pro- and contraindications, catheterization of renal pelvis and urinary bladder performed within 2-3 days after the surgery and adequate antibacterial therapy are the most decisive steps in the control of aforementioned complications.     

Histochemical and contractile properties of striated muscles of urethra and levator ani of dogs and sheep

AIMS: To understand their possible importance in long- and short-term control of continence, some properties of the striated muscles of the urethra and pelvic floor (levator ani) of dogs and sheep were investigated, especially fiber types and contractile characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Striated muscles of urethra and levator ani of 29 male and 6 female dogs and 11 male and 6 female sheep were removed and cut into strips. Some strips were frozen and stained for ATPase at pH 9.4 and 4.3 for fiber typing; others were set up in an organ bath to study contractile responses to nerve stimulation. RESULTS: All muscles contained both type I (slow) and type II fibers, ranging from 97% type II in female greyhound urethra to 60% in female sheep levator ani. For each muscle, there were fewer type II muscles in sheep than in dog. The diameters of the urethral fibers were about 60% of the levator ani in dogs and 34% in sheep. Contraction of the urethral muscle was faster than for levator ani and declined to about 80% of the peak, 500 msec after the beginning of stimulation at 20 Hz. The levator ani contraction rose to a steady level as long as stimulation continued. CONCLUSIONS: Both the levator ani and urethral striated muscles contain slow and fast fiber types. The levator ani muscles are capable of sustained contraction with rapid onset which will produce long-term closure of the urethra. The circular urethral muscle contraction was faster but less well maintained.     

Characterisation and differentiation of chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfibromas - presence and expression of collagen types I and II

AIM: Chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfiibromas are rare benign skeletal neoplasms with reported overlapping histology. Aim of this study was to analyse the biochemical composition of the matrix of these tumour entities in order to further characterise the cellular phenotypes of these neoplasms using typical cell biological marker genes. METHODS: The matrix compositions of chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfibromas were analyzed by HE-histology, histochemistry, and immunolocalization techniques. Cellular gene expression patterns were detected by mRNA in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Chondroblastomas are rich in collagen type I and show foci of an osteoid-like matrix, whereas collagen type II as a typical marker of chondrocytic differentiation was not detected in any of the specimens. Chondromyxoidfiibromas had foci of chondroid appearance with chondroblastic cellular differentiation characterised by collagen type II expression. CONCLUSION: These results characterise chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfiibromas as skeletal neoplasms that have a different biology and which can be distinguished by matrix protein expression products: collagen type II, the typical marker of chondroblast differentiation, could only be detected in chondromyxoidfibromas, but not in chondroblastomas. Thus, both neoplasms are clearly different on the cell biological level.