一种新型微带分形贴片天线的设计

采用两点格式法构造了一种新型的分形结构,并利用其设计了微带分形贴片天线,采用AnsoftHFSS软件对天线进行仿真优化,然后制作了实物并完成实验测量。仿真结果和测量数据表明:一阶和二阶微带分形贴片天线的面积尺寸较传统微带贴片天线分别能够缩减46.85%和60.01%,这与传统的Koch微带分形贴片天线和Minkowski微带分形贴片天线比较,具有良好的尺寸缩减性。因此,该结构在天线小型化领域具有研究价值。     

基于分形理论的方形锯齿结构微带天线研究

构建了一种类似于Koch分形的带有方形锯齿结构的微带贴片天线,通过在微带贴片天线两侧加方形锯齿来研究微带贴片天线的辐射特性.随着分形阶数及所加方形锯齿数的增加,微带贴片天线表现出各种不同的特性.当所加方形锯齿达到一定数量时,微带天线可抑制高次谐波的干扰.通过Hfss13.0软件仿真得到了分形天线的反射系数s11参数、电压驻波比及辐射方向图等,这些参数表明,当分形阶数为1,2时,天线具有倍频作用,当分形阶数为10～20时,天线具有明显的抑制高次谐波的能力.最后,对10阶分形天线进行了实物加工与测量,实验结果与仿真结果吻合较好.     

一种宽带分形自互补单极子天线的设计

提出一种结合分形与自互补理论的新型宽带单极子天线。辐射部分由Sierpinski分形图案的金属贴片和互补的缝隙贴片印刷在FR-4 介质板上构成,由微带线经阻抗变换后馈电。分形技术的利用使得该天线实现了20%的尺寸缩减,自互补结构则大大拓展了天线的带宽,两者的结合使得该天线在保持平面结构的同时取得优良的性能。仿真与测试得到该天线在4.98-9.93 GHz 频带内反射系数小于-10dB,具有66.4%的带宽,带内增益在1.3-3.3dBi 之间。该天线具有平面、宽带、小型化的优点,在小型化通信系统中具有良好的应用前景。     

适用于WiMAX的小型化微带天线设计

设计了一种加载U型缝的小型化分形结构微带天线。该天线应用Giuseppe Peano分形理论和U型缝加载技术,延长电流的有效路径,从而降低天线的谐振频率,实现天线小型化,同时采用空气作为介质层,减小天线的Q值,增加天线带宽。通过使用HFSS对天线进行仿真优化,得到了天线尺寸参数。仿真结果表明,天线的相对带宽为6%(3.47～3.71 GHz),最大增益可达2.91 dBi,整体辐射性能良好。天线贴片尺寸仅为14 mm×14 mm,相比于普通微带天线,面积缩减了59%。该天线结构简单,尺寸小,能较好地适用于WiMAX通信。     

RFID分形阅读器天线设计

研究了不同阶数的Minkowski分形微带贴片天线的性能,给出了一种双层2阶Minkowski分形阅读器天线,仿真结果表明,天线在谐振频率点处具有良好的性能,且尺寸大小为30mm×30mm,与普通的方形贴片天线相比,其面积大约减少了43．75％,宽度减少了25％,具有较好的尺寸缩减特性,天线的性能和尺寸能满足手持RFID阅读器的要求。该天线设计具有结构简单、易于制作等特点,适合用于RFID阅读器天线的小型化设计。     

一种新型分形印刷折合振子的设计

首先采用递归法构造了一种新型的分形结构,并利用其设计了分形印刷折合振子,然后对传统印刷巴伦进行了结构调整,有效地缩减了馈电电路的物理尺寸.使用Ansoft HFSS和Serenade软件对天线进行仿真优化,制作了实物并完成实验测量.仿真结果和测量数据表明:该新型分形印刷折合振子的横向尺寸较传统的半波印刷振子能够缩减68%,这与Hilbert分形印刷折合振子比较,具有良好的尺寸缩减性.     

一种二叉树状分形偶极子天线的设计

提出了一种基于二叉树状分形结构的分形偶极子贴片天线。该天线的介质基片采用相对介电常数为4.4,介电损耗角正切为0.02的FR4介质板,由微带线经阻抗变换后进行馈电。该天线利用分形技术实现了33%的尺寸缩减;通过平行双线结构和开U型槽技术,优化了阻抗匹配,降低了天线的谐振频率。通过仿真分析与模型优化,天线的最终尺寸为35 mm×22 mm×1.6 mm,中心工作频率为2.87 GHz,工作频率为2.77~2.97 GHz,-10 dB阻抗相对带宽为6.9%,工作频带内最小回波损耗可达-49 dB,最大增益可达2.36 dB。该天线具有小型化、阻抗匹配良好的优点,在当代小型化通信系统中具有良好的应用前景。     

用于天线设计的分形结构系统化生成法

提出一种分形结构的系统化生成方法,通过此方法可以系统化产生大量分形结构。这些分形结构可以用于分形天线/分形天线阵列的设计或其它分形结构的应用中。文中给出了以正方形为初始图形构造的多种分形几何图形,并给出了一些采用这些分形结构制成的分形贴片天线的实验结果。     

小型化缝隙加载圆极化及宽带微带贴片天线设计

提出了一种十字形缝隙加载的小型宽带及圆极化微带贴片天线的设计方法。该天线通过在方形贴片上加载一个大尺寸的十字形缝隙实现天线的尺寸缩减,介质基片采用由FR4和空气层组成的层叠结构,在缝隙中嵌入L型枝节,只需通过调整枝节上同轴线馈电点的位置来获得圆极化或宽带阻抗匹配。ANSYS HFSS仿真分析表明,天线的圆极化带宽（AR≤3 dB）为1.7%,阻抗带宽（VSWR≤2）为5.8%,天线在宽带范围内具有稳定的增益,峰值增益为7.8 dB,同时贴片面积缩减了52.3%。改变馈电点的位置可调节两个谐振频率使天线阻抗带宽达到9.4%,比传统的微带贴片天线阻抗带宽提高了114%。     

分形倒L天线的研究

构建了一种紧凑结构的分形倒L天线,用矩量法对天线的阻抗特性、辐射方向图特性和天线电流分布作分析研究,并进行实验验证.结果表明,分形倒L天线不仅大大降低了天线的高度,而且有效地缩减了天线的水平长度,是天线小型化设计的重要方法.     

基于矩量法的分形环八木天线的特性分析

八木天线是一种常用的天线形式.本文将Minkowski分形环应用于八木天线设计中,利用分形结构的空间填充特性来减小天线的横向尺寸,从而实现天线小型化设计.设计了工作于880～960MHz的6元二阶Minkowski分形环八木天线,以矩量法为核心对设计天线进行数值分析,将线天线模拟为细带线模型,天线表面采用三角单元进行剖分,RwG基函数作为电流展开函数.同方环八木天线进行了比较,在驻波特性、辐射特性相似情况下,分形环八木天线的尺寸缩减了29.8%.     

分形天线的特性分析及其在MIMO天线中的应用

分形最基本的特征是自相似特性与分数维,可以很好地应用于设计天线.与传统天线相比,在性能保持相近的情况下,分形天线表现出两个突出的优势:减小天线尺寸和使天线在多频带下工作.文中以Koch天线、分形树天线和分形环天线为例,说明了分形天线减小天线尺寸的优势;以Sierpinski基垫天线为例,说明了分形天线增加天线工作频带的优势.还对Minkowski分形天线阵列进行了分析,表明作为天线阵列单元的分形天线,可以提高天线阵的辐射特性.文中提出了将Minkowski分形天线应用于多输入输出(MIMO)天线中.     

Analysis of microstrip fractal patch antenna for multi-bandcommunication [by FDTD]

The square microstrip fractal patch antenna in a Sierpinski carpet and the effects of its elements are analysed. The calculated results show that the multi-band frequency operation of the proposed antenna results from the driven element and not from the parasitic fractal elements     

Fractal Dual-Mode Open-Loop Quasi-Elliptic Bandpass Filter with Source-Load Coupling

To realize the feature of small size and high selectivity, a microstrip miniature fractal quasi-elliptic bandpass filter (BPF) with two transmission zeros (TZs) near each skirt is investigated in this paper. The TZs are created by source-load coupling between the input and output E-shaped feeding structures. By using a dual-mode Minkowski fractal shorted stub loaded open-loop resonator, the proposed BPF achieved a size reduction of 97.5% compared with the conventional square dual-mode loop BPF. Even mode analysis is adopted to characterize the Minkowski structure. The frequency responses of the current BPF were simulated and measured with good agreement.     

Analysis of Modified Square Sierpinski Gasket fractal microstrip antenna for Wireless communications

In this paper, the slot loaded microstrip antenna has been developed with Sierpinski gasket technique. The proposed Modified Square Sierpinski Gasket (MSSG) fractal antenna involves a square patch utilizing Sierpinski gasket (triangular) structure. Four triangular slots are loaded at each iteration. The structure is then simulated using commercially available Ansoft HFSS simulator. The multi-band operation has been achieved by the proposed antenna at 15.915 GHz, 20.045 GHz, 23.077 GHz, 27.77 GHz frequencies with −20 dB, −25 dB, −22 dB, −28 dB return loss respectively which works well for Ku (12–18 GHz) and K (18–27 GHz) band. The consistent result is obtained after simulation and the validity of fabricated design is checked by the measured result. The designed antenna is an attractive candidate for applications like wireless multi-band communication systems.     

Fractal-shaped switched-beam antenna with reduced size and broadside beam

A switched-beam antenna with reduced size and broadside beam based on the fractal Butler feeding network and fractal patch antenna array is proposed. The circuit sizes of the fractal-shaped branch-line couplers, 0 dB crossovers, and patch antennas, are 43.7, 50.1 and 74% smaller than their conventional counterparts, respectively. A four-beam prototype has been constructed. Measurement indicates that broadside beams with sidelobes below 210 dB are achieved.     

Design and Analysis of Multiband Fractal Antenna for MIMO/Diversity Applications

In this article a modified hybridized fractal geometry i.e., fractal antenna is proposed for Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) applications. These geometries are based on Minkowski curves and Koch curves located around the boundaries of the microstrip patch of rectangular-shaped patch. The hybridized model for fractal geometry is designed and analyzed on an FR4 substrate having a thickness of 1.47 mm for the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) frequency band. But due to the proposed fractal geometry, it resonates at three bands (2.45 GHz, 3.67 GHz, and 5.88 GHz) and it is covering the ISM band from 2.42 GHz to 2.48 GHz with a VSWR value is 1.48. Further, a 2?×?2 antenna for MIMO application is proposed by considering identical antenna elements placed in parallel on the same substrate. MIMO antenna resonates at three frequencies as same as single antenna elements and covering the same operating bands. The two elements of MIMO confguration are simulated for various sets of distance values, and optimized distance is obtained 18 mm at which a proposed antenna provides low mutual coupling value, low Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC), and high diversity and peak gain. The calculated values of ECC and diversity gain are 0.0002 and 10 dB, respectively which satisfy the criteria of MIMO application. The design has been experimentally validated and an appropriate similarity of experimental and simulated results is achieved.

     

Thinning of 2D and 3D Fractal Antenna Arrays with Bounded and Unbounded Fractal Distribution Functions for Celestial Communications

Fractal antenna arrays are geometry‐based thinned arrays having multiband applications. The major challenge of these arrays is their large number of elements at higher expansion factors. This article presents the thinning of fractal antenna arrays while maintaining an appropriate balance between the side lobe level and beam width by using various quantized fractal distribution functions. A 2D square fractal antenna array and 3DSierpinski gasket antenna array are considered in this article to validate the proposed distribution functions. Nearly one third of the antenna elements are thinned in each successive iteration except in the case of a one‐count distribution function. The proposed technique can simplify practical implementation and exhibits better performance for various parameters such as the side lobe level, side lobe angle, and half power beam width than fully populated fractal antenna arrays.