恒沸精馏法生产无水酒精

无水酒精作为燃料汽油已在国外大量采,国已列入“十五”计划。恒混精馏法生产无水酒精能形成规模化生产，机械化程度高、产量大、质量好、消耗低。采用向酒精溶液添加夹带剂（苯、环己烷、戊烷等）进行精馏，使夹带剂、乙醇、水形成三元共沸物，造成沸点差，从而精馏出纯度高的酒精。（一平）     

我国酒精精馏技术的新进展

介绍了我国酒精精馏生产技术发展背景及现状，分析了在酒精馏生产中采用精密精馏，复合塔板，热耦合及全流程模拟仿真等技术的优势，提出了未来我国酒精精馏脱水技术的发展趋势。     

新型可再生清洁能源——燃料酒精的开发展望

介绍燃料酒精在国外发展的概况和最新生产工艺 ,分析了燃料酒精能在国外快速发展的原因及燃料酒精在国内发展的现状和发展前景 ,提出在我国发展生产燃料酒精的一些建议     

燃料乙醇脱水工艺的研究与展望

探讨燃料乙醇的多种生产工艺,主要包括精馏、膜分离和吸附。综述了精馏工艺中萃取精馏、溶盐精馏、加盐萃取精馏及共沸精馏的研究现状,展望新技术在其中的应用,包括离子液体萃取和热泵共沸精馏。简述膜分离技术中渗透汽化和蒸汽渗透工艺,分析膜分离技术中最关键的膜性能研究进展。总结吸附工艺的优越性,分析分子筛吸附生产燃料乙醇,着重介绍新兴的生物质吸附法,探索燃料乙醇工业走向节能环保的绿色之路。     

燃料酒精的发展现状和研究趋势

阐述了燃料酒精在国内外发展进程,分析了燃料酒精快速发展的原因.并介绍了目前燃料酒精生产中需要解决的问题及对策.     

利用木质纤维素类生物质生产燃料酒精

对木质纤维素类物质生产燃料酒精的技术原理,发展状况,存在的问题及前景进行了全面总结,从原料预处理、C5的转化、浓醪发酵、木质素利用等几个方面,对燃料酒精的制备技术、研究现状与最新进展进行了综述,并结合自己的研究工作,提出了生物质综合利用及燃料酒精发展的战略。     

燃料酒精的发展进程及研究方向

本文阐述了燃料酒精在国内外发展进程，分析了燃料酒精快速发展的原因，并介绍了目前燃料酒精生产中需要解决的问题及对策。     

在蒸馏工序 如何提高成品酒精质量

简单介绍了在蒸馏及精馏过程中影响成品酒精质量的主要因素，并提出了提高成品酒精的质量的一些方法。     

无水酒精制备的研究进展

综述了无水酒精制备的研究进展，介绍了其制备方法和特点，并展望了未来的发展方向。     

酒精生产精馏工艺和热耦合方式发展分析

近年来随着酒精生产中原料不断变化，现有酒精生产装置的精馏单元出现了堵塔和热能利用不充分等问题，已不能够满足需求。通过介绍酒精生产中精馏工艺和热耦合利用现状，深入分析精馏系统的优势和不足，探讨适用于原料多元化、低能耗的酒精生产精馏工艺，为酒精生产企业提供参考。     

Estimation of Ethanol Yield in Corn Mash Fermentations Using Mass of Ash as a Marker

An equation to estimate the ethanol yield by mass of ash in fermentation was generated. The equation was based on the assumption that mass of ash does not change during the course of fermentation. Ethanol yield estimated by the mass of ash equation was validated by contrasting it to ethanol yield obtained by the distillation method. Results showed no difference (P = 0.925) in yields estimated by the aforementioned methods. Furthermore, this innovative method was tested in three fuel ethanol plants located in the American Midwest. The results from each of these plants showed that the ethanol yield estimated by mass of ash is valid, consistent and can be used to compare individual fermentations and/or treatments.     

超贮稻谷半连续浓醪发酵生产燃料乙醇工艺研究

该文以脱壳超储稻谷（全糙米）为原料,开展了半连续浓醪发酵生产燃料乙醇工艺研究。在中粮安徽30万t/年半连续燃料乙醇装置上进行了高浓拌料、喷射液化、同步糖化半连续发酵、精馏后制备乙醇等一系列试验。结果表明,全糙米发酵成熟醪平均酒份达到15.36%vol、平均还原糖含量0.21%、残淀粉含量0.40%、残糊精含量0.55%、酸度8.43 °T、挥发酸含量0.35 g/L。该技术在国内处于领先水平,可为企业带来经济效益,值得进一步推广应用。     

双粗塔差压热耦合蒸馏生产燃料乙醇

介绍了双粗塔差压热耦合蒸馏生产燃料乙醇的工艺流程、节能技术特征以及工艺控制要点,该技术合理地利用了热能,实现了蒸馏过程热能的耦合匹配,节能效果显著。     

气相色谱法测定低酒精度饮料中乙醇的含量

分别采用静态顶空气相色谱法与传统蒸馏后进样的气相色谱法测定低酒精度饮料中乙醇含量。选用TGWAXMS色谱柱。2种方法在乙醇体积分数为0.01%~5.00%时均具有良好的线性关系。传统蒸馏法乙醇的体积分数检出限为0.003%,静态顶空法检出限为0.001%。试验结果表明传统蒸馏后进样的气相色谱法由于前处理步骤繁琐,导致回收率相对较低(83%~91%)。而静态顶空法直接测定饮料中乙醇的方法具有前处理简单,待测物质乙醇不易损失等优点,回收率为97%~100%。     

玉米秸秆发酵生产燃料乙醇的预处理技术研究进展

玉米秸秆经过预处理、酶水解、发酵可生产燃料乙醇,但其自身具有的木质纤维素紧密结构使得酶水解效率很低,导致乙醇产量低。因此,采用适当的方法对玉米秸秆进行预处理,破坏秸秆原有的纤维结构,提高酶水解效率和可利用性。本文对当前国内外玉米秸秆各种预处理最新方法进行了综述,同时对每种预处理方法的优缺点进行了分析,为玉米秸秆发酵生产燃料乙醇预处理方式的选择提供参考。     

蒸馏酒中铅元素检测的前处理和检测方法的研究

采用乙醇蒸馏法和微波消解法分别对三种蒸馏酒的考核样品进行前处理,通过电感耦合等离子体发射质谱法（ICP-MS）与石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定了蒸馏酒中的铅含量,发现乙醇蒸发法简化了前处理的步骤,节省了实验时间,加快了分析检测速度,分析结果更为可靠。同时对检测结果进行比较,发现ICP-MS法能够更加快速、准确地对样品进行分析,具有更高的稳定性和更低的检出限,这为ICP-MS法在食品中的研究提供了可靠的试验数据支撑。     

Effects of fuel ethanol content and volatility on regulated and unregulated exhaust emissions for the latest technology gasoline vehicles

Oxygenate content and fuel volatility (distillation) variables are important parameters affecting vehicle exhaust emissions, and data on their effects on the latest technology vehicles are quite limited. For this study, 12 California-certified LEV to SULEV vehicles were tested on a matrix of 12 fuels with varying levels of ethanol concentration (0, 5.7, and 10 vol %), T50 (195, 215, and 235 degrees F), and T90 (295, 330, and 355 degrees F). There were statistically significant interactions between ethanol and T90 for NMHC, ethanol, and T50 for CO and ethanol and T50 for NO(x). NMHC emissions increased with increasing ethanol content at the midpoint and high level of T90 but were unaffected at the low T90 level. CO emissions decreased as the ethanol content increased from the low to the midpoint level for all levels of T50, but between the 5.7 and 10% ethanol levels, CO showed only an increase for the high level of T50. NO(x) emissions increased with ethanol content for some conditions. Non-methane organic gases (NMOG) and toxic emissions were examined for only a subset of fuels with the highest T90 level, with NMOG, acetaldehyde, benzene, and 1-,3-butadiene all found to increase with increasing ethanol content.     

节能型乙醇脱水技术研究进展

节能型乙醇脱水制备无水乙醇的方法主要有4种：共沸精馏法、萃取精馏法、吸附法和膜分离法。共沸精馏法能耗低，节能效果不如多效萃取精馏，共沸精馏和多效萃取精馏都需对塔压进行控制；吸附法能耗低，把多效精馏和吸附进行热耦合，节能效果十分显著；膜分离法成本较贵，但工业化前景很好，目前主要集中于实验室制膜技术的研究。     

Environmental assessment of used oil management methods

The 1 billion gal of used oil generated in the U.S. each year are managed in three primary ways: rerefined into base oil for reuse, distilled into marine diesel oil fuel, and marketed as untreated fuel oil. Management of used oil has local, regional and global impacts. Because of the globally distributed nature of fuel markets, used oil as fuel has localized and regional impacts in many areas. In this paper, the human health and environmental tradeoffs of the management options are quantified and characterized. The goal of this study was to assess and compare the environmental impacts and benefits of each management method in a product end-of-life scenario using a life-cycle assessment (LCA) approach. A life-cycle inventory showed that 800 mg of zinc and 30 mg of lead air emissions may result from the combustion of 1 L of used oil as fuel (50-100 times that of crude-derived fuel oils). As an example, up to 136 Mg of zinc and 5 Mg of lead air emissions may be generated from combustion of over 50 M gal of California-generated used oil each year. While occurring elsewhere, these levels are significant (of the same magnitude as reported total stationary source emissions in California). An impact assessment showed that heavy metals-related toxicity dominates the comparison of management methods. Zinc and lead emissions were the primary contributors to the terrestrial and human toxicity impact potentials that were calculated to be 150 and 5 times higher, respectively, for used oil combusted as fuel than for rerefining or distillation. Low profits and weak markets increasingly drive the used oil management method selection toward the untreated fuel oil market. Instead, both the rerefining and distillation methods and associated product markets should be strongly supported because they are environmentally preferable to the combustion of unprocessed used oil as fuel.