电位滴定法在交换树脂分析中的应用探讨

对脱盐水系统使用过的强碱性苯乙烯系阴离子交换树脂进行交换容量分析过程中,采用硝酸银滴定溶液中氯离子的时候,由于溶液及氯化银沉淀的影响,终点颜色十分不明显,不易分析人员进行辨别,准确性及重现性不佳,采用电位滴定法可以有效的避免干扰离子的影响,对终点判断准确,达到氯离子的快速、准确滴定。     

一种有机膦酸水处理剂中氯离子含量的检测方法

现有氯离子检测方法都存在亚磷酸与硝酸银发生反应对点位滴定的干扰现象,影响终点的判断,笔者创新性的提出了一种有机膦酸类水处理剂中氯离子含量的检测方法,使用双氧水氧化水处理剂中残余的亚磷酸,进行双盐桥电位滴定来测定氯离子,电位突跃明显,终点易于辨认,并考察了方法的准确度和精密度,结果理想。     

福尔哈特定氯法的改进及其应用

定氯分析中,福尔哈特测定氯离子的方法已广泛采用。但在该法中,存在因氯化银沉淀和硫氰酸根离子反应的可逆性而引起终点不易判断的缺点。为了克服这一不足之处,许多文献介绍用硝基苯、乙醚、异丁醇,戊醇、苯、甲苯或氯仿加醋酸等与水不互溶的     

淀粉溶液在电位滴定常量分析中的应用

利用电位滴定法滴定原盐中氯离子含量时,反应生成的氯化银沉淀吸附在电极上影响结果的准确度。本文针对此现象采用加入特定浓度淀粉溶液的方法解决了此问题,为电位滴定仪的推广和应用提供了保障。     

酸性亮铜溶液中氯离子分析方法的改进

在酸性光亮镀铜工艺中,氯离子的分析,通常用银盐沉淀法。因镀液中氯离子含量一般很低,银盐沉淀甚微,终点很不明显,常使分析结果不准确,这是因为指示终点的红色铬酸银沉淀要以白色氯化银沉淀为背景进行观察。若取样过多,则去除硫酸和硫酸铜又变得困难,同时会因洗涤大量铜盐沉淀使滤液量过大,或洗涤不彻底,造成操作不便或分析结果不准。     

电位滴定法分析水质中的氯离子

前言水质中氯离子的分析通常采用操作较繁的比色法及容量分析法。在电位法中,氯离子选择电极直接法测定氯离子,操作是简便快速的,测定灵敏度可达10~(-4)NCl~-,但准确度较差;采用准确度较高的电位滴定法,氯离子选择电极、Ag-AgCl丝电极、银电极、铂电极均可作为指示电极,但其滴定终点不突跃,通常需逐一记下滴定的毫升数及对应的毫伏数再作图后方能找出滴定终点。Prokopov采用丙酮非水介质进行电位滴定,以铂电极作指示电极,饱和甘汞电极(硝酸钾盐桥)作外参考电极,曾得到滴定的突跃终点。     

硝酸银容量法测定氯化氢的验证

氯化氢被氢氧化钠吸收后,在中性条件下,以铬酸钾为指示剂,用硝酸银标准溶液滴定,生成氯化银沉淀,过量的银离子与铬酸钾指示剂反应生成浅砖红色铬酸银沉淀,指示滴定终点。     

电位滴定法分析酸性光亮铜镀液中氯离子的含量

虽然酸性镀铜液中氯离子的分析方法有很多,但大都误差较大,或终点不明显,或试剂有干扰。本文介绍用电位滴定法来测定氮离子的含量,用硝酸银作为滴定剂,甩氯化银作指示电极,用甘汞作参比电极,用 pH 计或高阻直流毫伏计作电位滴定仪进行滴定,简便可靠,终点显示灵敏,结果也较精确。文内还附有高阻抗直流毫伏计的电路图供自制时参考。本法也可用于测定铝阳极氧化硫酸溶液中氯离子的含量。     

聚乙二醇——I_3~-作指示剂碘量法滴定铜

聚乙二醇是特殊表面活性剂 ,可作为沉淀胶体的保护剂 ,I- 3 作为吸附指示剂 ,利用I- 3与聚乙二醇相互作用生成的红褐色化合物 ,滴定至终点附近突变为肉红色 ,建立了碘量法滴定铜的新方法。该方法的准确度高 ,精密度好 ,平均回收率在 99.0 %— 10 0 .35 %。     

2-(2-噻唑偶氮)-5-二乙氨基苯甲酸作为络合滴定指示剂的应用

本文报导了TAEB作为络合滴定指示剂的应用。TAEB在pH4.3时,终点变化敏锐,用于样品测定,其结果准确度高,且精密度好。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。