机器人辅助人工全髋关节置换的短期疗效分析

目的　探讨机器人辅助人工全髋关节置换术（total hip arthroplasty, THA）的短期疗效。方法　回顾性分析2018年8月至2019年3月于我科采用MAKO机器人系统辅助植入臼杯行THA手术治疗的79例（100髋）病人的临床资料,纳入机器人辅助组,并选择同一手术医师施行的80例（100髋）徒手THA病人纳入对照组,均采用标准髋关节后外侧入路。收集比较两组病人的围手术期相关信息,如手术时间、住院时间、髋臼杯位置、术后下肢长度差异（limb length discrepancy, LLD）、围手术期并发症及髋关节Harris评分（hip Harris score, HHS）。结果　病人术后均得到3个月以上随访,两组均未发生髋关节脱位、无菌性松动、假体周围感染或翻修。机器人辅助组的手术时间为（95.92±15.64） min,明显长于对照组的（83.12±18.22） min,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（t=3.309,P=0.001）。两组的术后HHS均较术前显著改善,但组间比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。机器人辅助组的前倾角、外展角、LLD和偏心距差异分别为19.05°±5.03°、41.14°±3.66°、（2.87±3.75） mm、（3.34±1.79） mm,对照组分别为16.91°±5.48°、40.35°±6.57°、（4.23±3.12） mm、（3.98±2.04） mm;两组的前倾角和LLD比较,差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）,但两组间的外展角和偏心距差异比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。机器人辅助组的手术假体位于Lewinnek安全区内的比例更高（91% vs. 82%）,但两组间比较,差异无统计学意义（χ²=3.468,P=0.063）。结论　机器人辅助THA能够优化髋臼杯假体植入的精确性,不增加手术的并发症,但其远期效果仍需进一步研究证实。     

前路辅助上方关节囊入路全髋关节置换对髋臼假体位置及术后早期髋关节功能的影响

目的 探讨前路经皮辅助上方关节囊入路（Anterior SuperPATH）行人工全髋关节置换术（THA）对髋臼假体位置及早期髋关节功能的影响。方法 回顾性分析2019年11月至2022年6月在我院行THA的75例病人的临床资料,根据手术入路不同分为两组,38例采用前路经皮辅助上方关节囊入路的病人纳入前路通道组,37例采用传统后外侧入路的病人纳入后外侧组。记录并比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后卧床时间、住院时间、术后24 h疼痛视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分,以及术后1周、1个月的髋关节Harris评分。术后拍摄骨盆正位X线片,测量髋臼假体的外展角与前倾角,并与Lewinnek安全区（髋臼外展角40°±10°、髋臼前倾角15°±10°）进行比较,评估放置髋臼假体的准确性。结果 病人随访8~21个月,平均为12.1个月。所有病人术后6个月均未见脱位。前路通道组手术时间长于后外侧组,手术出血量少于后外侧组,术后卧床时间与住院时间短于后外侧组,术后24 h的VAS评分低于后外侧组,术后1周、1个月的髋关节Harris评分高于后外侧组,两组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。前路通道组的外展角和前倾角分别为42.78°±4.98°、15.29°±4.97°,二者均在安全区域的比例为84.2%（32/38）;后外侧组的外展角和前倾角分别为41.49°±5.50°、13.58°±4.74°,二者均在安全区域的比例为83.8%（31/37）;两组间比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 采用前路经皮辅助上方关节囊入路和后外侧入路行THA,髋臼假体位置无明显差异。虽然前路经皮辅助上方关节囊入路手术时间更长,但能明显减少手术出血,缓解手术疼痛,缩短住院时间,加速康复。     

髋臼原位重建及高髋关节中心技术治疗Crowe Ⅱ、Ⅲ型发育性髋关节发育不良的对比研究

目的 比较全髋关节置换术（total hip arthroplasty, THA）中行髋臼原位重建及高髋关节中心技术治疗Crowe Ⅱ、Ⅲ型发育性髋关节发育不良（developmental dysplasia of the hip, DDH）的临床疗效。方法 对2012年8月至2015年12月于我科行THA治疗Crowe Ⅱ、Ⅲ型DDH合并髋关节骨性关节炎（Tonnis Ⅲ期）的37例病例进行回顾性分析,根据髋臼重建方式分组：其中髋臼原位重建组17例,高髋关节中心重建组20例。比较两组病人的手术时间、手术出血量、Harris评分、影像学假体松动率。结果 37例病人平均随访41个月（25~63个月）。髋臼原位重建组的手术时间和手术出血量分别为（119±16） min、（413±36） ml,高髋关节中心重建组的手术时间和手术出血量分别为（92±21） min、（389±44） ml,两组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（t=29.561,P=0.021;t=0.682,P=0.231）。两组术后的Harris评分均较术前显著提高,但两组间术前及末次随访的Harris评分比较,差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）。髋臼原位重建组中有2例少量植骨吸收,两组随访未见影像学假体松动。结论 高髋关节中心技术的手术时间较髋臼原位重建更短,两种技术治疗Crowe Ⅱ、Ⅲ型DDH的中期临床疗效较好,均可显著恢复病人的髋关节功能。     

带股骨距假体置换与髓内钉治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折的临床疗效对比

目的：分析采用带股骨距假体髋关节置换术与同期行闭合复位防旋股骨近端髓内钉（proximal femoral nail antirotation,PFNA）内固定术治疗高龄患者（≥ 80岁）股骨转子间不稳定型骨折（Evans Ⅲ、Ⅳ型）的临床疗效。方法：回顾分析2016年6月至2018年3月采用假体置换与PFNA治疗的高龄股骨转子间不稳定型骨折患者60例,根据手术方式分为PFNA组与假体组,其中PFNA组男21例,女15例,年龄（84.3±2.9）岁;假体组男10例,女14例,年龄（82.9±2.4）岁。观察比较两组手术时间、术前与术后1 d血红蛋白差值、术后下地活动时间、住院时间及并发症发生情况,术后3、12个月行髋关节功能Harris评分。结果：患者均获得随访,时间12~24（19.3±4.8）个月,假体组1例1年后死于肺癌,随访终止。假体组手术时间长于PFNA组（P<0.05）;术前后血红蛋白差值,假体组与PFNA组无差异（P>0.05）;下地活动时间,假体组早于PFNA组（P<0.05）;并发症出现数量,假体组少于PFNA组（P<0.05）;治疗前假体组与PFNA组Harris评分差异无统计学意义,治疗后两组评分均较治疗前显著升高（P<0.05）,术后3个月随访假体组评分高于髓内钉组（P<0.05）,术后12个月差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。。结论：对高龄不稳定型股骨转子间骨折,尤其骨质疏松严重者,实施带股骨距假体髋关节置换术治疗是一种良好选择,有利于高龄患者术后功能锻炼和早期下地活动,减少并发症,提高生活质量,减轻家属及社会负担。     

3D打印导板在发育性髋关节发育不良全髋关节置换术中的应用

目的：探讨3D打印导板在发育性髋关节发育不良全髋关节置换中的应用价值。方法：回顾分析2016年2月至2018年5月行全髋关节置换术的发育性髋关节发育不良患者25例,男4例,女21例;年龄40~75岁;CroweⅡ型5例,Crowe Ⅲ型14例,Crowe Ⅳ型6例。应用3D打印术中导板组12例,传统全髋关节置换术13例,两组均为同一手术组医师完成。比较两组手术时间、术中出血、术后引流及术后6个月Harris评分,患侧和健侧髋臼外展角、前倾角,旋转中心至坐骨结节连线垂直距离。结果：25例获得随访,随访时间12~26个月,3D打印导板组相对传统手术组手术时间短、术中术后出血量少、术后6个月Harris评分高（P<0.05）。3D打印导板组臼杯位置（旋转中心距坐骨结节连线距离、前倾角、外展角）与健侧髋臼相比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;传统手术组患侧旋转中心距坐骨结节连线距离、前倾角与健侧相比差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,外展角差异无统计学意义（P=0.487）,两组均无术后感染和假体松动。。结论：3D打印术中导板技术对于发育性髋关节发育不良全髋关节置换术是一种个体化、精准化,有应用前景的技术。     

微创股骨头置换术与股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗高龄粉碎性股骨转子间骨折的疗效比较

目的：探讨微创股骨头置换术与股骨近端防旋髓内钉（proximal femoral nail antirotation,PFNA）内固定术治疗高龄粉碎性股骨转子间骨折患者的临床疗效。方法：2020年4月至2020年10月治疗高龄粉碎性股骨转子间骨折患者76例,分别采用微创股骨头置换术（假体组）与PFNA内固定术。假体组35例,女24例,男11例,年龄（86.2±6.1）岁;PFNA组41例,女28例,男13例,年龄（84.6±5.3）岁。观察比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后下地活动时间、住院时间及并发症发生情况,术后1、6、12个月行髋关节功能Harris评分。结果：患者均获得随访,时间13~17（14.3±1.4）个月。假体组手术时间长于PFNA组（P<0.05）;PFNA组出血量少于假体组（P<0.05）;术后下地活动时间假体组明显早于PFNA组（P<0.05）;术后1、6个月假体组的Harris评分高于PFNA组（P<0.05）,术后12个月两组Harris评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。假体组并发症少于PFNA组（P<0.05）。结论：高龄粉碎性股骨转子间骨折患者,采用微创股骨头置换术治疗是一种良好选择,有利于术后早期康复,减少并发症,提高生活质量,减轻家属及社会负担。     

直接前方入路与后外侧入路初次全髋关节置换术治疗股骨头坏死的早期临床疗效比较

目的 比较直接前方入路（direct anterior approach, DAA）和后外侧入路（posterolateral approach, PA）行全髋关节置换术（total hip arthroplasty, THA）治疗股骨头坏死（osteonecrosis of the femoral head, ONFH）的早期临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析我院2018年5月至2019年5月行THA的72例OFNH病人的临床资料,根据手术入路的不同分为PA组和DAA组,每组36例。统计病人年龄、性别、身体质量指数（body mass index, BMI）、病因及国际骨循环学会（Association Research Circulation Osseous, ARCO）分期等资料,观察比较两组病人手术切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后下地活动时间、术后住院天数和出院时髋关节活动度等围手术期资料以及术前、术后（5 d,1、6个月）不同时间点的疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale, VAS）,采用Harris髋关节评分评价病人关节功能恢复情况。结果 所有病人均获得随访,平均随访时间为6个月。DAA组的手术时间和出院时髋关节活动度明显长于PA组［（109.44±11.00） min vs. （79.81±10.16） min,166.94°±15.32° vs. 123.61°±17.47°］,但其切口长度、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后下地行走时间、术后住院天数均小于PA组［（9.25±1.50）cm vs. （13.14±2.08） cm,（213.61±47.22） ml vs. （287.03±55.24） ml,（77.33±29.35） ml vs. （115.89±36.33） ml,（1.11±0.32） d vs. （1.50±0.61） d,（6.42±1.23） d vs. （8.25±1.42） d］,差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）。DAA组术后5 d及1个月的VAS评分及Harris髋关节评分均明显优于PA组,差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）,而术后6个月时两组的VAS评分及Harris髋关节评分的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 同PA相比,采用DAA行THA,病人术中创伤小、出血少,术后早期关节功能恢复更快、疼痛感更轻,能显著缩短病人的住院时间,从而获得较高的病人满意度。     

体位对直接前方入路全髋关节置换术的影响

目的：探讨术中不同体位对直接前方入路（direct anterior approach,DAA）全髋关节置换术的影响。方法：回顾性分析2016年7月至2020年6月行DAA全髋关节置换术患者94例,根据术中不同体位分为2组,其中侧卧位45例,仰卧位（支架辅助下）49例。观察比较两组患者性别、患肢、身体质量指数（body mass index,BMI）等一般资料,切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量、术后24 h引流量、手术前后血红蛋白差值、术后首次下地时间、术后住院时间、术后并发症,术后1 d,1、2周,1、3、6个月的疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）,术后1、2周及1、3、6个月的Harris评分。结果：两组患者术后均获得随访,时间6~12（8.31±2.22）个月。两组患者的性别、手术部位、年龄、BMI、术前VAS、术前Harris评分比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。仰卧位（支架辅助下）组患者切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量、术后24 h引流量、手术前后血红蛋白差值、术后首次下地时间和术后住院时间均优于侧卧位组（P<0.05）;术中、术后输血例数比较,差异无统计学意义（P=0.550）。仰卧位（支架辅助下）组术中和术后前倾角、外展角比较,差异无统计学意义（P=0.825,P=0.066）;侧卧位组术中和术后前倾角、外展角比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。仰卧位（支架辅助下）组患者术后1 d,1、2周,1个月VAS低于侧卧位组（P<0.05）,两组术后3、6个月VAS差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。仰卧位（支架辅助下）组患者术后1周及1、3个月的Harris评分高于侧卧位组（P<0.05）,两组术后6个月的Harris评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：仰卧位（支架辅助下） DAA全髋关节置换术与侧卧位术式相比,手术切口小、手术时间短、出血少、下地时间早、住院时间短,且术中髋臼杯位置判断误差小,具有术后恢复快的优势,但在6个月后患者的髋关节功能恢复是相同的。     

机器人导航下股骨颈动力交叉钉系统治疗股骨颈骨折的疗效分析

目的 探讨机器人导航下股骨颈动力交叉钉系统（femoral neck system,FNS）治疗股骨颈骨折的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2019年11月至2021年8月我院采用FNS治疗股骨颈骨折的57例病人的临床资料,其中27例行机器人导航下FNS治疗（机器人组）,30例采用常规人工FNS治疗（人工组）,比较两组病人的手术时间、术中出血量、术中透视次数、术后髋关节Harris评分、骨折愈合时间及术后并发症发生率等指标。结果 机器人组的手术时间为（81.0±9.2） min,少于人工组（86.7±12.0） min,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。机器人组的术中出血量和透视次数分别为（25.5±7.5） mL、（16.4±2.8）次,均少于人工组的（37.3±11.3） mL、（20.1±3.0）次,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。机器人组一次性置钉成功率为100%,人工组为56.7%,差异有统计学意义（χ²=15.157,P＜0.001）。两组术后并发症发生率、骨折愈合时间及术后髋关节Harris评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 机器人导航下FNS手术治疗股骨颈骨折是一种精准、微创、安全有效的方法。     

全髋关节置换术127°小颈干角和135°大颈干角假体的比较

目的：探讨127°小颈干角和135°大颈干角假体行全髋关节置换术（total hip arthroplasty,THA）的疗效。方法：2014年1月至2016年6月行THA患者84例,男44例,女40例;年龄45~72（53.4±8.1）岁,股骨头坏死68例（左侧32例,右侧36例）,其他原因导致严重髋关节骨性关节炎16例,病程9~36（24.0±5.5）个月。分别采用小颈干角（127°）和大颈干角（135°）假体,每组42例,术后两组患者进行髋关节Harris评分,疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）评分,双下肢长度测量,不同颈干角生物力学评估,比较术后并发症发生情况以及患者术后24个月生活质量。结果：两组患者各有2例患者失访,其余患者均获得随访,随访时间30~36（33.0±1.6）个月。术前及术后1、6、12、24个月进行Harris评分及双下肢长度测量,两组患者髋关节Harris评分及双下肢长度差与术前比较均得到明显改善（P<0.05）,而组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组术后1、6、12、24个月VAS评分均低于术前（P<0.05）;两组VAS评分术前差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但术后大颈干角组VAS评分明显低于小颈干角组（P<0.05）。两组术后并发症（包括假体松动、脱位）的发生率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组患者术后24个月生活质量较术前生活质量明显提高（P<0.05）,且组间比较发现135°大颈干角组生活质量较127°小颈干角组生活质量更高（P<0.05）。。结论：大、小颈干角假体的THA均能较好地恢复患者髋关节的功能,但是大颈干角更能降低术后疼痛程度,进而提高患者术后的生活质量。     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

Renal allograft rejection: the temporal relationship and predictive value of plasma TNF (alpha and beta), IFN-gamma and soluble ICAM-1

Recently, close interactions have been described between the tumour necrosis factors alpha and beta (TNF-alpha and beta), interferon-gamma (INF-gamma) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in T-cell mediated immune activation. During the process of renal graft rejection, the properties of these cytokines to act as powerful stimulators of macrophages, to upregulate class II MHC expression and to stabilise cell-to-cell binding make them of great potential interest. The aim of the present study was to determine the plasma levels of each cytokine and soluble ICAM-1 in 16 renal allograft recipients. We examined plasmas of patients for the first 2 weeks after transplantation and correlated results with the clinical pattern of rejection. Our data suggest an immunopathologic involvement of TNF-alpha, TNF-beta and slCAM-1 in renal allograft rejection and showed that there was a significant elevation in plasma concentrations of these parameters 2 or 3 days prior to the diagnosis of clinical rejection. Rises in INF-gamma did not appear to be significant with regard to rejection as very high levels were found in patients showing no evidence of clinical rejection.     

Osteoporosis and obesity: Role of Wnt pathway in human and murine models

Studies concerning the pathophysiological connection between obesity and osteoporosis are currently an intriguing area of research.Although the onset of these two diseases can occur in a different way,recent studies have shown that obesity and osteoporosis share common genetic and environmental factors.Despite being a risk factor for health,obesity has traditionally been considered positive to bone because of beneficial effect of mechanical loading,exerted by high body mass,on bone formation.However,contrasting studies have not achieved a clear consensus,suggesting instead that excessive fat mass derived from obesity condition may not protect against osteoporosis or,even worse,could be rather detrimental to bone.On the other hand,it is hitherto better established that,since adipocytes and osteoblasts are derived from a common mesenchymal stem cell precursor,molecules that lead to osteoblastogenesis inhibit adipogenesis and vice versa.Here we will discuss the role of the key molecules regulating adipocytes and osteoblasts differentiation,which are peroxisome proliferators activated receptor-γand Wnts,respectively.In particular,wewill focus on the role of both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signalling,involved in mesenchymal cell fate regulation.Moreover,at present there are no experimental data that relate any influence of the Wnt inhibitor Sclerostin to adipogenesis,although it is well known its role on bone metabolism.In addition,the most common pathological condition in which there is a simultaneous increase of adiposity and decrease of bone mass is menopause.Given that postmenopausal women have high Sclerostin level inversely associated with circulating estradiol level and since the sex hormone replacement therapy has proved to be effective in attenuating bone loss and reversing menopause-related obesity,we hypothesize that Sclerostin contribution in adipogenesis could be an active focus of research in the coming years.     

Evaluation and comparison of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of allopregnanolone and pregnanolone at induction of anaesthesia in the male rat

We have evaluated and compared the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamicproperties of allopregnanolone and pregnanolone at inductionof anaesthesia in male rats. A threshold method was used, andthe first burst suppression period of 1 s or more in theEEG was selected as the end-point after fairly slow infusions.An optimal dose of 4.0 mg kg^–1 min^–1was noted for both steroids. Brain concentrations were low atlow infusion rates, indicating that acute tolerance was notoccurring. Significant positive correlations were noted betweendose rate and serum concentrations of allopregnanolone (r =0.94, P<0.001) and pregnanolone (r = 0.88, P<0.001). Suchcorrelations were also seen in striatum, cerebellum, cortexand muscle for both steroids (P<0.01). Despite changing infusionrates, the concentrations of both steroids in brainstem, hippocampusand fat remained stable. Because no correlation between infusionrate and steroid concentration was noted in the brainstem andhippocampus, these two brain areas may be regarded as primarysites of action for allopregnanolone and pregnanolone. Pregnanoloneconcentrations in the brainstem and hippocampus were significantlyhigher than those of allopregnanolone, suggesting that allopregnanolonewas more potent than pregnanolone in inducing anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 2001; 86: 403–12     

Comparison of University of Wisconsin and University of Pittsburgh solutions for heart transplantation

The effectiveness of University of Wisconsin (UW) and University of Pittsburgh (UP) solutions for the preservation of rat hearts was compared. Lewis rat hearts were preserved with UW (group A, n=45) or UP (group B, n=45) solution for 0 or 24 h and then transplanted heterotopically into the recipients' abdomen. Ten recipients in each group were observed to obtain 1-week graft survival rates. Tissue water content and tissue content of adenine nucleotides were measured 2 h after transplantation in six grafts from each group. Six hearts preserved for 0 h and seven hearts preserved for 24 h were taken from each group 24 h after grafting for histopathology. The 1-week graft survival rates of groups A24 and B24 were 60% and 10%, respectively. In the 24-h preserved grafts, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and energy charge [(ATP+adenosine diphosphate/2)/(ATP+adenosine diphosphate+adenosine monophosphate)] of groups A and B were 0.972±0.165 and 0.200±0.123 mg/g wet tissue (P<0.05) and 74.4% and 61.1% (P<0.05), respectively. The tissue water content of group A24 was 71.7%, whereas that of group B24 was 74.1% (P<0.05). Histopathology revealed more severe muscle edema and necrosis and infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells in group B24 than in group A24. We conclude that UW solution is more appropriate for rat heart preservation than UP solution.     

移植肾IgA肾病临床病理及预后分析

目的探讨移植肾IgA肾病(IgAN)复发或新发的诱因及移植肾生存的危险因素。方法选取2012年11月至2018年12月浙江大学医学院附属第一医院经肾活检确诊为移植肾IgAN的患者,按照血肌酐(Scr)增高水平、估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)下降率分为稳定组(Scr升高值<20μmol/L,eGFR下降率<10%)和进展组(Scr增高但未达翻倍值,30%相似文献   

末端可弯输尿管肾镜与电子输尿管软镜治疗肾结石的比较

目的比较末端可弯曲输尿管肾镜（孙氏镜）与电子输尿管软镜联合钬激光治疗肾结石的疗效、安全性及优缺点。 方法回顾性分析我院2015年9月至2017年3月应用孙氏镜与电子输尿管软镜联合钬激光治疗120例肾结石患者临床资料,其中65例采用电子输尿管软镜（电子镜组）,55例应用孙氏镜（孙氏镜组）,比较两组的临床资料及碎石效果。 结果两组手术时间、并发症、术后平均住院时间以及清石率等比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）,总住院时间、治疗费用比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论孙氏镜联合钬激光治疗肾结石,视野清晰度较电子输尿管软镜略有不足,但操作更简便,微创、安全、有效,总住院时间短,费用低,值得应用和推广。     

Ultrastructural Characteristics of Dog and Human Platelets Adherent to Native and Collagen-Coupled Cuprophan

Adhesion of human and dog platelets to native and collagen-coupled Cuprophan under defined flow conditions was studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Dog platelets, singly adherent to and uniformly distributed on both native and collagen-coupled Cuprophan, extend slender pseudopods across the surface without evidence of degranulation. Human platelets, while not adhering to native Cuprophan, formed irregularly shaped, semi-confluent cytoplasmic sheets on the collagen-coupled surface. Extensive cytoplasmic reorganization and degranulation suggests a post-release state of the human platelets. Aspirin had no apparent effect on either human or dog platelet adhesion or upon the apparent release state of the human platelets.     

Analgesic effectiveness of caudal levobupivacaine and ketamine

Background: Ketamine is used increasingly in paediatric anaesthetic practiceto prolong the action of a caudal block. This study was designedto determine if adding S(+)-ketamine 0.5 mg kg^–1 allowsa lower concentration of levobupivacaine to be used for caudalanaesthesia without loss of clinical effectiveness. Methods: One hundred and sixty-four children (ASA I or II) aged 3 months–6yr were randomly allocated to receive 1 ml kg^–1 of levobupivacaine0.15% with 0.5 mg kg^–1 S(+)-ketamine (Group 1), levobupivacaine0.175% with 0.5 mg kg^–1 S(+)-ketamine (Group 2), or levobupivacaine0.2% (Group 3) by the caudal route. Pain, motor block, sedation,and requirement for postoperative analgesia were assessed upto 6 h after operation. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups in effectivenessat first surgical incision. Significantly lower analgesic requirementswere reported in Group 2 compared with Group 3 at wakeup, 180and 360 min after operation. Time to first rescue analgesiawas longer in Group 2 compared with Group 1 or 3. Kaplan–Meiersurvival analysis of analgesia free time demonstrated a significantadvantage of Group 2 over Groups 1 and 3 (log rank P=0.05).The incidence of postoperative motor block was not significantlydifferent between the groups. No excess sedation or dysphoricreactions were observed in the ketamine groups. Conclusions: The addition of 0.5 mg kg^–1 S(+)-ketamine to levobupivacaine0.175% for caudal analgesia for lower abdominal and urologicalsurgery is significantly more effective in providing postoperativeanalgesia than levobupivacaine 0.15% with 0.5 mg kg^–1S(+)-ketamine or levobupivacaine 0.2%.     

Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after spinal morphine for Caesarean section: comparison of cyclizine,dexamethasone and placebo

Background. Low-dose intrathecal (spinal) morphine (0.1–0.2mg) for Caesarean section delivers excellent postoperative analgesiabut is associated with significant nausea and vomiting. We comparedthe antiemetic efficacy of cyclizine, dexamethasone, and placeboin this clinical setting. Methods. Ninety-nine women undergoing elective Caesarean sectionunder spinal anaesthesia were allocated randomly, in a double-blindstudy design, to receive either cyclizine 50 mg, dexamethasone8 mg, or placebo as a single-dose infusion in saline 0.9%, 100ml on completion of surgery. Spinal anaesthesia consisted of:hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5%, 2.0 ml; fentanyl 10 µg; andspinal morphine 0.2 mg. The primary outcome measure was theincidence of nausea. Results. The incidence of nausea was significantly less in patientsreceiving cyclizine compared with dexamethasone and placebo(33 vs 60 and 67%, respectively, P<0.05). Severity of nauseaand number of vomiting episodes were also less at 3–6h in cyclizine patients. Overall satisfaction with postoperativecare at 24 h, expressed on a 100 mm visual analogue scale, wasgreater in cyclizine [78 (28)] than either dexamethasone [58(31), P=0.03] or placebo [51 (28), P=0.008]. Conclusion. We conclude that following spinal morphine 0.2 mgand fentanyl 10 µg analgesia for Caesarean section, cyclizine50 mg i.v. reduces the incidence of nausea compared with dexamethasone8 mg i.v. or placebo. It also lessens the severity of nauseaand vomiting, and increases maternal satisfaction in the earlypostoperative period. Br J Anaesth 2003; 90: 665–70