欠驱动柔性机器人动力学建模及仿真

根据欠驱动机器人的结构特点，以柔性多体系统动力学理论为基础，采用便于实时控制的假设模态方法，建立了具有柔性杆件的欠驱动机器人的动力学模型。对动力学模型的求解进行了分析，讨论了被动关节处模态函数各种边界条件的确定。通过对二自由度欠驱动机器人被动关节的位置控制，实现对柔性杆的弹性变形及其变化的仿真分析，所得结果验证了假设模态方法动力学模型的有效性，反映了不同驱动器位置系统的振动特性和对系统振动控制的必要性。     

漂浮基带柔性铰空间机器人的动力学建模及奇异摄动控制研究

探讨了本体位置与姿态均不受控制情况下,漂浮基带一般柔性铰空间机器人的动力学建模与奇异摄动控制问题。结合系统线动量及角动量守恒关系,通过拉格朗日法建立了系统的动力学模型。为解除传统奇异摄动控制技术应用受关节柔性的限制,引入了一种关节柔性补偿器,以等效降低系统各关节铰的柔性。之后借助于奇异摄动理论,先后设计了漂浮基带柔性铰空间机器人关节空间、惯性空间期望运动轨迹跟踪的奇异摄动控制方案。该控制方案无关节柔性的限制,因此较适用于具有一般柔性铰空间机器人系统的控制。理论分析及仿真试验结果均表明控制方法可行。     

穿戴式机器人的协调控制方法及其运动辅助机理

为改善穿戴式机器人在运动辅助过程中的人机交互柔顺性,提出了一种以中枢模式发生器(CPG)为核心的协调控制方法,利用CPG自激行为和对外交流的特性获得理想的主/从关节目标轨迹,规避了运动学和动力学逆解算。结合仿真分析和物理实验研究,阐明了所提控制方法及其运动辅助机理、停止再运动等柔性运动产生机理。结果表明,该协调控制方法具有运动辅助效果,CPG自激行为和对外交流的特性可以获得理想的主/从关节目标轨迹,且CPG的衰减停振特性能够方便地生成停止再运动等柔性运动,极大地改善了机器人的人机交互柔顺性。     

基于柔性多体动力学的机械臂结构优化设计

针对柔性关节对工业机器人动力学特性的影响,基于“转子-扭簧”模型和有限元法,研究关节刚度对机械臂固有动力学特性的影响规律;考虑臂杆柔性和关节柔性,建立了机械臂多柔体动力学有限元模型,以机械臂轻量化为设计目标,以末端总位移量为约束条件对机械臂结构进行优化。研究结果表明,不同关节刚度对机械臂各阶固有频率的影响不同,优化后的机械臂载重/自重比增大,刚度和强度均得到提高,整体动力学性能明显提高。     

APPROACH TO IMPROVEMENT OF ROBOT TRAJECTORY ACCURACY BY DYNAMIC COMPENSATION

Some dynamic factors, such as inertial forces and friction, may affect the robot trajectory accuracy. But these effects are not taken into account in robot motion control schemes. Dynamic control methods, on the other hand, require the dynamic model of robot and the implementation of new type controller. A method to improve robot trajectory accuracy by dynamic compensation in robot motion control system is proposed. The dynamic compensation is applied as an additional velocity feedforward and a multilayer neural network is employed to realize the robot inverse dynamics. The complicated dynamic parameter identification problem becomes a learning process of neural network connecting weights under supervision. The finite Fourier series is used to activate each actuator of robot joints for obtaining training samples. Robot control system, consisting of an industrial computer and a digital motion controller, is implemented. The system is of open architecture with velocity feedforward function. The proposed m     

Inverse dynamics task control of flexible joint robots—II Discrete-time approach

Due to drawbacks of the continuous-time inverse dynamics for robots with flexible joints, discussed in the paper, a new discrete-time approach to the problem is presented. After discussion, a numerical approach for the solution of the index three systems of differential-algebraic equations is adopted to solve the inverse dynamics problem. The satisfactory results show that the method can be used to off-line determination of nominal control inputs and joint trajectories. Next, a discrete-time control method is developed and a realistic control scheme is analysed. The implications of the results for the control of robots are discussed. The proposed control method is computationally efficient and admits low sampling frequencies. The results of extensive numerical experiments confirm the advantages of the designed control algorithm.     

基于Matlab的机器人建模与动力学仿真

在牛顿-欧拉方程的基础上对考虑摩擦力时机器人动力学方程进行了研究,并用Matlab编写了机器人动力学正问题和逆问题的求解函数,可计算通用串联机器人在有摩擦力与机械臂有无外力干扰情况下的动力学正问题和逆问题。并用Matlab开发了建立通用机器人的三维模型及其动力学仿真平台。以MotomanHP6机器人作为算例进行了动力学仿真,并绘制出关节力矩和位置在有/无摩擦情况下的曲线图。     

基于李群李代数的主被动关节机器人动力学及控制

采用李群李代数符号描述了含主被动关节机器人的动力学分析和控制问题。首先用李群李代数描述了机器人的反向动力学,然后将牛顿-欧拉方法和铰接体惯量方法结合起来,给出了含主被动关节的机器人动力学解决方法。利用动力学方法得到的结果,采用计算力矩控制方法进行仿真,并与PID控制方法的仿真结果进行比较,验证了计算力矩方法的较好的性能特征。     

Dynamic optimization of robot arm based on flexible multi-body model

This paper examines the effect mechanism of torsional stiffness on flexible joints and the dynamic optimization of a six Degree-of-freedom industrial robot arm. The design optimization of the robot arm is investigated based on the rotor-torsional spring model and finite element method. The flexible multi-body dynamic model of the robot arm are established by considering the flexible characteristics of arms and joints, and the natural frequencies of a robot arm are calculated to obtain the torsional stiffness of the flexible joints. Natural frequency results gradually increased with joint stiffness improvement. Using the established dynamic model, the topology optimization on the robot arm is carried out by regarding lightweight as design goal and total displacement as constraints. The tare-load ratio and dynamic performance of the optimized robot arm are significantly enhanced compared with the original design model. This research can provide the theoretical basis for the dynamic optimization and upgrade of lightweight robot arm.     

Fast inverse dynamics computation in real-time robot control

In this paper, two fast algorithms for the inverse dynamics computation in real-time robot control are developed by using simple Lagrange-Euler formulation. The high computational efficiency of the proposed algorithms can make the inverse dynamics computation of any practical robot to be implemented on a current microcomputer in real-time. As compared with other existing algorithms, the algorithms proposed in this paper are, computationally, the fastest of all existing algorithms for robot dynamics computation.     

冗余度柔性机器人协调操作刚性负载的动力学模型及仿真

冗余度柔性机器人协调操作系统集合了冗余度机器人、柔性机器人和协调操作机器人的优点 ,具有广泛的应用前景。本文研究了冗余度柔性机器人协调操作动力学 ,给出了两 4R冗余度柔性机器人协调操作一刚性负载的动力学模型 ,并进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明 ,该模型是可行的。     

A QP Artificial Neural Network inverse kinematic solution for accurate robot path control

In recent decades, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have become the focus of considerable attention in many disciplines, including robot control, where they can be used to solve nonlinear control problems. One of these ANNs applications is that of the inverse kinematic problem, which is important in robot path planning. In this paper, a neural network is employed to analyse of inverse kinematics of PUMA 560 type robot. The neural network is designed to find exact kinematics of the robot. The neural network is a feedforward neural network (FNN). The FNN is trained with different types of learning algorithm for designing exact inverse model of the robot. The Unimation PUMA 560 is a robot with six degrees of freedom and rotational joints. Inverse neural network model of the robot is trained with different learning algorithms for finding exact model of the robot. From the simulation results, the proposed neural network has superior performance for modelling complex robot’s kinematics.     

Design and modeling of a novel soft parallel robot driven by endoskeleton pneumatic artificial muscles

Owing to their inherent great flexibility, good compliance, excellent adaptability, and safe interactivity, soft robots have shown great application potential. The advantages of light weight, high efficiency, non-polluting characteristic, and environmental adaptability provide pneumatic soft robots an important position in the field of soft robots. In this paper, a soft robot with 10 soft modules, comprising three uniformly distributed endoskeleton pneumatic artificial muscles, was developed. The robot can achieve flexible motion in 3D space. A novel kinematic modeling method for variable-curvature soft robots based on the minimum energy method was investigated, which can accurately and efficiently analyze forward and inverse kinematics. Experiments show that the robot can be controlled to move to the desired position based on the proposed model. The prototype and modeling method can provide a new perspective for soft robot design, modeling, and control.     

柔性机器人协调操作柔性负载的动力学模型

从柔性机器人协调操作的本质特性出发 ,巧妙采用机器人与负载的有限元模型 ,以主臂抓持梁为位形基准 ,首次建立了柔性机器人协调操作柔性负载系统的运动学协调约束条件 ,导出了其系统动力学方程 ,并成功的给出了两 3R柔性机器人协调操作一柔性梁负载的仿真算例。     

高速重载码垛机器人刚柔耦合模型建立及动态特性分析方法

针对高速码垛机器人高速、高加速度、大负载的工作特性,提出一种考虑关节柔性的高速重载码垛机器人结构建模及动态特性分析方法。首先,建立刚柔耦合动力学模型,对高速重载码垛机器人的关节柔性进行描述; 其次,基于建立的刚柔耦合动力学模型,对机器人的重要动态特性——振动模态进行分析; 最后,设计力锤瞬态激励实验,对2种方法的有效性进行验证。实验结果表明,该结构建模方法有效地分析了高速重载码垛机器人关节柔性的影响,动态特性分析方法有效地分析了机器人的振动模态。     

Robust control using recursive design method for flexible joint robot manipulators

A flexible joint robot manipulator can be regarded as a cascade of two subsystems: link dynamics and the motor dynamics. Using this structural characteristic, we propose a robust nonlinear recursive control method for flexible manipulators. The recursive design is done in two steps. First, a fictitious robust control for the link dynamics is designed as if it has a direct control input. As the fictitious control, a nonlinear H _∞-control using energy dissipation is designed in the sense of L ₂-gain attenuation from the disturbance caused by uncertainties to performance. In the process, Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) inequality is solved by a more tractable nonlinear matrix inequality (NLMI) method. In the second step, the other fictitious and the actual robust control are designed recursively by using the Lyapunov’s second method. The proposed robust control is applied to a two-link robot manipulator with flexible joints in computer simulations. The simulation results show that the proposed robust control has robustness to the model uncertainty caused by changes in the link inertia and the joint stiffness.     

移动式工业机器人动力学分析

移动式工业机器人操作臂是一个复杂的动力学系统，它通常由6个连杆和6个关节组成，具有多个输入和输出，存在着错综复杂的非线性耦合关系。从构造操作臂的雅可比矩阵人手，由系统功能出发，建立了机器人动力学方程，分析了动力学正反两个方面问题。     

Energy dissipation rate control and parallel equations solving method for planar spined quadruped bouncing robot

This paper continues our investigation into Energy dissipation rate control (EDRC) and Parallel equations solving method (PESM). Our previous works showed how EDRC enables us to provide stable walking or running gaits for legged robots via controlling robot’s loss of energy rate during Impact phases (IP). This is while PESM facilitates the trajectory designing process of the robot’s active joints during each Single support phase (SSP) by solving the robot’s inverse kinematic and inverse dynamic equations in parallel. Even though PESM is very powerful and suitable for both quadruped robot, and despite the under actuation problem at the ankle joint, and biped robots, despite the presence of Zero momentum point criteria (ZMP) at the ankle joint, still, this method is limited to robots just with three and five DoFs. Therefore, the main purpose hereis to show how it is possible to extend the application of PESL to a spined quadruped robot with four DoFs by employment of the Central pattern generator (CPG) controller units and finding a connection among CPG’s output, PESM and the robot’s foot placement. Besides, as EDRC is employed to realize a stable bouncing gait for the robot, a whole numerical study is performed on the robot’s impact dynamic equations to evaluate the effect of spine joint on the robot’s impact dynamics.

     

基于模具表面抛光机器人系统的运动控制研究

介绍了自行研制的模具表面抛光机器人系统的构成和工作原理,建立了面向自由曲面抛光精加工的机器人模型,应用新的算法,快速且准确地求出运动学逆解。在不限制机器人运动范围的基础上,运用数值比较法解决机器人关节变量多解所导致的关节值突变问题。通过实验证实了该算法的正确性和有效性,为系统控制速度能力的提高和运动轨迹的优化提供了理论依据。     

自由浮动柔性双臂空间机器人系统动力学建模与抑振控制

柔性多臂空间机器人是一个高度非线性、强耦合的动力学系统。本文基于假设模态法、La-grange方程和动量守恒原理,推导了一种自由浮动柔性双臂空间机器人协调操作刚性负载闭链系统的动力学模型。针对空间柔性机械臂的弹性形变和振动问题,设计了线性二次型最优控制方法对其进行振动主动控制,并通过仿真实验验证了该方法的有效性。