振动力场下聚合物熔体流变行为的响应与分析——I．毛细管压力降和熔体表观粘度

在自行设计的恒速型毛细管动态流变装置上，对聚合物熔体进行动态挤出实验。借助已建立的振动力场下聚合物熔体流变行为的表征公式，分别计算振动力场下聚合物熔体在毛细管壁处的剪切应力、剪切速率和表观粘度。与稳态挤出时相比，引入振动力场后，发现毛细管压力降、表观粘度均显著降低，且随着振动频率和振幅的改变呈非线性变化趋势，作者对此进行了深入分析。     

振动力场下聚合物熔体流变行为的响应与分析 Ⅱ．毛细管挤出胀大比和第一法向应力差

在自行设计的恒速型毛细管动态流变装置上，对聚合物熔体进行动态挤出实验。实时采集毛细管的挤出胀大值，借助已建立的振动力场下聚合物熔体弹性行为的表征公式，计算振动力场下聚合物熔体在毛细管壁处的第一法向应力差。通过对比分析有无振动场下以及不同振动强度下聚合物熔体的流变性能，找到聚合物熔体弹性行为对振动力场的响应规律。     

毛细管动态挤出下聚合物熔体非线性流变行为的研究

采用毛细管动态流变仪,选用PELD、PP、PS和PA等典型物料,研究了毛细管动态挤出下各聚合物熔体的非线性流变行为。结果表明,不同物料的流变行为对振动力场的响应特性有较大差异,只有在一定的振幅和频率下振动力场才能有效降低熔体的黏度。实验首次发现,PP、PS和PA存在窄的振动参数区域,在此区域内,熔体的动态表观黏度值大于相应的稳态值,出现“加振变黏”现象。这一新的发现表明,并非“只要引入振动就一定有利于聚合物材料的成型加工”,必须考虑不同分子结构的聚合物材料对振动的不同响应规律。     

聚合物熔体窄缝脉动挤出行为的光散射研究

利用聚合物熔体的双折射性质,对振动力场作用下窄缝挤出模头中的聚合物熔体脉动挤出行为进行光散射研究,用光弹性图像和光强度矩阵来表征聚合物熔体受到的剪切应力。振动力场的引入使光弹性图像和光强度矩阵发生了规律性变化。结果表明,振动力场使聚合物熔体剪切应力减小、表观粘度降低,最终使得挤出压力降低、产量提高。     

高分子材料动态成型过程中熔体非线性行为的研究

借助流变测量和连续介质理论,不依赖已有的本构关系,对平行叠加正弦振动条件下高分子熔体经毛细管的动态挤出过程进行了理论分析。以低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)为原材料,实验测量LDPE熔体在一定振动频率和振幅下毛细管入口压力、体积流量和挤出胀大的瞬态值,即可得到动态成型过程中高分子熔体剪切应力、剪切速率和表观粘度的变化规律:随振幅和频率的变化,LDPE熔体的表观粘度呈非线性变化趋势;在不同的振幅和频率下动态挤出LDPE熔体,跟稳态挤出时一样,壁面剪切应力与壁面剪切速率也成非线性比例关系。     

聚合物振动挤出过程中熔体应力与应变关系的研究

在恒速型毛细管动态流变实验装置上对LDPE熔体进行动态挤出实验，在线测量了毛细管瞬时入口压力、柱塞杆振动位移、振动位移与毛细管入口压力波形的相位差；然后对上述动态流变数据进行时域分析和频域分析，分别得到振动力场下LDPE熔体的入口压力脉动量与体积流量脉动量之间的关系曲线、LDPE熔体在毛细管壁处剪切应力与剪切速率之间的关系曲线、以及入口压力脉动量与体积流量脉动量的比值随毛细管挤出流率Q的变化曲线。     

脉动注射对螺线槽模腔熔体流动性能的影响

采用阿基米德螺线槽模具对脉动注射充模过程中聚合物熔体的流变行为进行了实验研究,分析了振动力场对聚合物熔体充模流动性及模腔不同位置聚合物熔体充模压力的影响。结果表明,振动力场的引入有利于降低聚合物熔体的表观粘度,改善熔体的流动性,减小熔体在充模过程的压力损失。这种效果尤其对表观粘度高的聚合物熔体更为明显。     

毛细管动态流变仪中聚合物熔体的流动可视化实验研究

通过采用剖分料筒直接观察的方法,使用示踪剂表征聚合物的流动情况。采用改进后的毛细管动态流变可视化装置,通过对低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)进行大量而系统的动态和稳态挤出实验,系统地探讨了振动力场对LDPE熔体流动行为的影响。     

正弦脉动力场对聚合物/刚性粒子体系毛细管挤出压力的影响

介绍了在毛细管动态流变仪上对聚合物/刚性粒子体系正弦脉动力场下流变特性进行研究的方法。通过对PP/CaCO3体系在振动力场下的流变特性进行实验研究,揭示了聚合物/刚性粒子体系流变性能对振动频率和振幅的依赖关系,以及不同温度下振动力场对挤出压力的影响。     

动态挤出对聚合物不稳定流动行为的影响

与稳态挤出相比,在振动力场作用下毛细管动态挤出聚合物熔体时,发生不稳定流动的临界流率得到提高。研究结果表明,振动条件下挤出聚合物能有效地改善挤出时的不稳定流动现象,从而提高挤出时产量和质量,为聚合物的成型加工带来巨大的益处。     

Dynamic rheological behavior of polypropylene melts with pulsatile pressure flow in a dynamic capillary rheometer

A self‐made dynamic capillary rheometer (DCR) was designed to investigate the dynamic viscoelastic characteristic of polypropylene (PP) melt during the pulsatile pressure extrusion. A vibration force field was parallel superposed upon steady shear flow in this DCR by means of a vibration driven piston. During the pulsatile pressure extruding process in DCR, the PP melt displayed apparent viscoelasticity. The experiment results proved the pressure pulsatile extrusion could reduce the viscosity of polymer melts effectively. The phase difference between the shear stress and the shear rate decreased with the superposed vibration. But, at large amplitude conditions, the viscosity has an increasing tendency. This maybe illuminated that large amplitude could be harmful for the vibration‐assistant polymer processing. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 1834–1838, 2006     

Rheological equation for polymer melt under the action of vibration

Abstract

The entire extrusion process of a polymer melt within a capillary was analyzed thoroughly when a sinusoidal vibration of small amplitude was superimposed in parallel on the flow direction of the polymer melt. On the basis of rheological measurement, an equation for a polymer melt under parallel vibration, i.e. the apparent viscosity, was obtained. Calculation of the apparent viscosity was established by making use of novel experimental equipment. After collecting and analyzing the instantaneous data of capillary entry pressure, capillary volume flux and their phase difference in a superimposed vibration, the apparent viscosity of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) within a capillary was calculated. Meanwhile, the relationship of shear stress vs. shear rate for a LDPE melt with and without imposed vibration was presented.     

LLDPE在振动剪切复合场中挤出成型的流变行为

利用振动剪切挤出装置研究了线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)在振动与旋转剪切复合力场中挤出成型时的流变行为。结果表明:LLDPE熔体在复合力场中的表观黏度受振动频率、振幅、剪切速率等影响很大。在复合力场中存在使黏度降低最大的振动频率和剪切速率的最佳搭配。     

HDPE在振动场中挤出成型时的流变行为

利用自行研制的新型液压振动挤出装置研究了高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）在振动场中挤出成型时的流变行为。研究表明,HDPE熔体在振动场中的表观粘度与振动频率、振幅、口模温度和挤出机螺杆转速均有关,随着振动频率的增加,表观粘度先降至最低值,然后回升到一定程度后基本保持不变,但始终低于未施加振动时的表观粘度;振幅越大,振动场对表观粘度的影响就越大;口模温度超过熔点时,振动场对表观粘度的影响有所增大;螺杆转速越大,振动场对表观粘度的影响就越小。     

聚合物动态挤出流变行为研究

本文论述聚合物材料毛细管动态流变行为的测量原理,介绍了自行研制成功的用于合物熔体挤出的毛细管动态流变仪。在该仪器上对ＬＤＰＥ进行了实验研究,发现熔体的粘度与振动源的频率、振幅呈非线性关系。在振动必场作用下ＬＤＰＥ熔体的粘度减小,随振动频率的变化有一最小值。这对矣合物动态塑化挤出工艺过程控制具有十分重要意义。     

A Model for Primary Normal Stress Difference of Dynamic Extrusion of a Polymer Melt through a Capillary

The dynamic extrusion process of a polymer melt through a capillary under a superimposed vibration has been was researched deeply, and a mathematical model for the primary normal stress difference of a polymer melt under the vibration force field was set up. Accordingly, the calculation steps of above primary normal stress difference were established based on a rheological measuring equipment which was disigned by the authors. The primary normal stress difference of polymer melt under a vibration force field can be calculated by measuring the instantaneous data of capillary die swell, capillary entry pressure, capillary volume flux, and their phase difference under vibration with different frequencies and amplitudes.     

The Formula for Apparent Viscosity of Polymer Melt Extruding Through a Capillary Under a Superimposed Vibration

The apparent viscosity of a polymer melt within a capillary was analyzed based on experimental measuring when a sine vibration of small amplitude was superimposed in a parallel manner on the extruding direction of polymer melt. The theoretical model for apparent viscosity of polymer melt under an superimposed vibration was set up independent of any existing constitutive equations. Meanwhile, the calculating steps for previously apparent viscosity were established by making use of novel rheological measurement equipment that was designed by the author. Through collecting and analyzing the instantaneous data of a polymer melt dynamic extruding through a capillary under definite frequency and amplitude of vibration, the apparent viscosity of a polymer melt within a capillary was then calculated.     

Improving rheological property of polymer melt via low frequency melt vibration

A pulse pressure was superimposed on the melt flow in extrusion, called vibration extrusion. A die (L/D = 17.5) was attached to this device to study the rheological properties of an amorphous polymer (ABS) and semicrystalline polymer (PP, HDPE), prepared in the vibration field, and the conventional extrusion were studied for comparison. Results show that the melt vibration technique is an effective processing tool for improving the polymer melt flow behavior for both crystalline and amorphous polymers. The enhanced melt rheological property is also explained in terms of shear thinning criteria. Increasing with vibration frequency, extruded at constant vibration pressure amplitude, the viscosity decreases sharply, and so does when increasing vibration pressure amplitude at a constant vibrational frequency. The effect of vibrational field on melt rheological behavior depends greatly on the melt temperature, and the great decrease in viscosity is obtained at low temperature. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 5292–5296, 2006