振动力场下聚合物熔体流变行为的响应与分析 Ⅰ.毛细管压力降和熔体表观粘度

在自行设计的恒速型毛细管动态流变装置上 ,对聚合物熔体进行动态挤出实验。借助已建立的振动力场下聚合物熔体流变行为的表征公式 ,分别计算振动力场下聚合物熔体在毛细管壁处的剪切应力、剪切速率和表观粘度。与稳态挤出时相比 ,引入振动力场后 ,发现毛细管压力降、表观粘度均显著降低 ,且随着振动频率和振幅的改变呈非线性变化趋势 ,作者对此进行了深入分析。     

振动力场下聚合物熔体流变行为的响应与分析——I．毛细管压力降和熔体表观粘度

在自行设计的恒速型毛细管动态流变装置上，对聚合物熔体进行动态挤出实验。借助已建立的振动力场下聚合物熔体流变行为的表征公式，分别计算振动力场下聚合物熔体在毛细管壁处的剪切应力、剪切速率和表观粘度。与稳态挤出时相比，引入振动力场后，发现毛细管压力降、表观粘度均显著降低，且随着振动频率和振幅的改变呈非线性变化趋势，作者对此进行了深入分析。     

振动力场下螺旋芯棒式管材机头内熔体流动的数值模拟

为了研究振动力场作用下螺旋芯棒式管材机头内熔体的流动特性,考虑非定常流动,使用Polyflow软件首次对熔体的流场进行了全三维非牛顿等温数值模拟。研究表明,随着振动力场的引入,流道内熔体的剪切速率、黏度、剪切应力、压力和速度等呈周期性规律变化。另一方面,随着振动频率或振幅的增加,流场的剪切速率平均值增加,而流场的黏度平均值、剪切应力平均值和压力平均值下降。     

振动力场作用下聚合物挤出压力的时频特性研究

利用小波分析原理对实测的振动力场作用下LDPE、LLDPE熔体挤出压力进行5尺度Daubechies5小波分析,发现振动强度二因子振幅、频率分别对聚合物熔体挤出压力变化的周期性特征产生不同影响.     

超声波对微流道中聚合物流动性能的影响研究

为了研究超声波作用下的聚合物材料流动性能及其影响因素,利用自主开发的聚合物超声波辅助挤出测试系统,进行了超声波作用下聚合物熔体在微流道管壁的剪切力、剪切速率和表观黏度的测试,并在与传统稳态挤出相比较基础上,分析了超声波对微流道中聚合物熔体流动性能的影响。实验结果表明,引入超声振动后,微流道的入口压力降有明显降低,并且随着熔体剪切速率的增加而增大;超声振动作用下聚合物熔体剪切速率存在临界值,当剪切速率小于临界值时,超声下聚合物黏度小于传统稳态挤出聚合物黏度,反之,超声聚合物黏度大于传统挤出聚合物黏度。     

微孔发泡过程中脉动剪切对聚合物/超临界 CO2均相体系形成的影响

提出一种聚合物／超临界CO2均相体系快速形成的新方法——将振动力场引人到发泡过程，在简单剪切的基础上垂直叠加一个脉动剪切场，考察了该方法对均相体系形成的影响。实验材料用聚苯乙烯(PS)，用自行设计的电磁动态发泡模拟机，了不同剪切速率、振动力场及混合时间对聚合物／超临界CO2均相体系形成的影响。结果表明，随着剪切速率的增加，聚合物和气体的混合程度明显增强；而振动力场的引入进一步增强了剪切混合的效果，使聚合物／超临界CO2均相体系能够在较短的时间内形成。     

振动挤出对聚烯烃流变行为的影响

利用自行研制的振动挤出装置研究了振动挤出对聚烯烃流变行为的影响。结果表明:振动场能使高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)和聚丙烯(PP)熔体的表观黏度降低;振动场和熔体表观黏度的关系受振动频率、口模温度、螺杆转速的影响。     

振动力场对PP/PS共混物流变特性的影响

利用自制的聚合物流变测试装置,研究了不同配比的聚丙烯(PP)/聚苯乙烯(PS)共混物在振动力场作用下的流变特性。结果表明:与稳态相比,振动力场的引入明显降低了共混物的表观黏度和挤出胀大比;随着PP含量的增加,共混物的表观黏度在PP/PS=40/60时出现极小值,而挤出胀大比逐渐降低。在PP/PS=60/40时,当振幅为0.5mm,随着频率的增加,共混物的表观黏度呈现无规律的波动状态;当频率为20Hz时,随着振幅的增加,共混物的表观黏度逐渐降低。     

PP/滑石粉/PP-g-MAZn三元复合体系流变性能的研究

采用双料筒毛细管流变仪系统地研究了以聚丙烯接枝马来酸锌(PP-g-MAZn)为界面改性剂的PP/滑石粉/PP-g-MAZn三元复合体系的流变性能。结果表明:随着剪切速率的增加,PP/滑石粉/PP-g-MAZn三元复合体系表观黏度下降;同一剪切速率下,与PP/滑石粉二元复合体系相比,PP/滑石粉/PP-g-MAZn三元复合体系的表观黏度和剪切应力变小;随着PP-g-MAZn用量的增加,三元复合体系表观黏度变化不大,体系的黏流活化能随着剪切速率的增大而降低。挤出物弹性效应的研究表明:PP/滑石粉/PP-g-MAZn三元复合体系挤出物无熔体破裂现象表,面基本光滑对,剪切速率敏感性下降。     

振动力场作用下三螺杆挤出机计量段中聚合物挤出的模拟

建立了同向旋转三螺杆挤出机计量段实际流道真实尺寸的三维非牛顿模型，利用ANSYS软件中的FLOTRAN CFD分析功能对该流场进行数值模拟，分析了振动力场作用下挤出机计量段内的黏度分布、压力分布、速度分布以及振幅对流量的影响，同时与无振动状态的挤出特性进行了比较。研究结果表明：振动力场的引入使熔体黏度和流量呈周期性变化，熔体黏度降低，螺棱两侧压差随振幅增大而增大，剪切作用增强，分散性混合能力和分布性混合能力提高。     

Study on Rheology of LLDPE under Compound Stress Field of Vibration and Shear in Extrusion Molding

In this article, a new equipment was self-developed to study the effect of compound stress field of vibration and shear on rheological properties. Using the special equipment, study on the rheological properties of LLDPE under single vibration field, single shear field and compound stress field was respectively carried out. The experimental results show that the changes of apparent viscosity of LLDPE melt is relative to vibration frequency, vibration amplitude, and mandrel rotary speed under the compound stress field. The apparent viscosity can be reduced much more sharply in compound stress field than in the single vibration or shear field.     

高分子材料动态成型过程中熔体非线性行为的研究

借助流变测量和连续介质理论,不依赖已有的本构关系,对平行叠加正弦振动条件下高分子熔体经毛细管的动态挤出过程进行了理论分析。以低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)为原材料,实验测量LDPE熔体在一定振动频率和振幅下毛细管入口压力、体积流量和挤出胀大的瞬态值,即可得到动态成型过程中高分子熔体剪切应力、剪切速率和表观粘度的变化规律:随振幅和频率的变化,LDPE熔体的表观粘度呈非线性变化趋势;在不同的振幅和频率下动态挤出LDPE熔体,跟稳态挤出时一样,壁面剪切应力与壁面剪切速率也成非线性比例关系。     

Rheological equation for polymer melt under the action of vibration

Abstract

The entire extrusion process of a polymer melt within a capillary was analyzed thoroughly when a sinusoidal vibration of small amplitude was superimposed in parallel on the flow direction of the polymer melt. On the basis of rheological measurement, an equation for a polymer melt under parallel vibration, i.e. the apparent viscosity, was obtained. Calculation of the apparent viscosity was established by making use of novel experimental equipment. After collecting and analyzing the instantaneous data of capillary entry pressure, capillary volume flux and their phase difference in a superimposed vibration, the apparent viscosity of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) within a capillary was calculated. Meanwhile, the relationship of shear stress vs. shear rate for a LDPE melt with and without imposed vibration was presented.     

HDPE在振动场中挤出成型时的流变行为

利用自行研制的新型液压振动挤出装置研究了高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）在振动场中挤出成型时的流变行为。研究表明,HDPE熔体在振动场中的表观粘度与振动频率、振幅、口模温度和挤出机螺杆转速均有关,随着振动频率的增加,表观粘度先降至最低值,然后回升到一定程度后基本保持不变,但始终低于未施加振动时的表观粘度;振幅越大,振动场对表观粘度的影响就越大;口模温度超过熔点时,振动场对表观粘度的影响有所增大;螺杆转速越大,振动场对表观粘度的影响就越小。     

Dynamic rheological behavior of polypropylene melts with pulsatile pressure flow in a dynamic capillary rheometer

A self‐made dynamic capillary rheometer (DCR) was designed to investigate the dynamic viscoelastic characteristic of polypropylene (PP) melt during the pulsatile pressure extrusion. A vibration force field was parallel superposed upon steady shear flow in this DCR by means of a vibration driven piston. During the pulsatile pressure extruding process in DCR, the PP melt displayed apparent viscoelasticity. The experiment results proved the pressure pulsatile extrusion could reduce the viscosity of polymer melts effectively. The phase difference between the shear stress and the shear rate decreased with the superposed vibration. But, at large amplitude conditions, the viscosity has an increasing tendency. This maybe illuminated that large amplitude could be harmful for the vibration‐assistant polymer processing. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 1834–1838, 2006     

Effect of a poly(dimethylsiloxane) modified polyolefin additive on the processing and surface properties of LLDPE

A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) modified polyolefin (obtained by reacting an ethylene‐ethyl acrylate‐maleic anhydride (EEAMA) copolymer with an amine terminated PDMS in the melt phase) was used as a processing aid to facilitate the extrusion of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE). In blends of LLDPE and PDMS modified polyolefin (PMPO), apparent viscosity and shear stress at the die wall are reduced in comparison to pure LLDPE, and extrusion instabilities are delayed as evidenced by the fact that extrudate surface roughness only occurs at higher shear rates when the additive is present. A higher PDMS content in the PMPO leads to a more pronounced delay of extrusion instabilities. Single‐screw extrusion of LLDPE compounds with a PMPO results in nearly doubled throughput per unit input energy. The reduction of viscosity and improvements in extrudate quality are attributed to the decreasing surface free energy of the PMPO with an increasing PDMS content, as determined by contact angle measurements. Chemical composition analysis of the extrudate surface and cross‐section reveals silicon enrichment at the surface. The friction coefficients of pure PMPO and PMPO/LLDPE blends are measured and found to decrease as a result of the presence of PDMS. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:1309–1316, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Ultrasonic improvement of rheological and processing behaviour of LLDPE during extrusion

The effects of ultrasonic oscillations on die pressure, productivity of extrusion, melt viscosity and melt fracture of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) as well as their mechanism of action were studied in a special ultrasonic oscillation extrusion system developed in our Laboratory. The experimental results showed that, in the presence of ultrasonic oscillations, the melt fracture or surface distortion of LLDPE extrudate is inhibited or disappears. The surface appearance of the LLDPE extrudate was greatly improved. The productivity of LLDPE extrudate was increased in the presence of ultrasonic oscillations. The die pressure, melt viscosity and flow activation energy of LLDPE decreased with the rise in ultrasonic intensity. The shear sensitivity of LLDPE melt viscosity decreased due to the increase of its power law index in the presence of ultrasonic oscillations. Inducing ultrasonic oscillations into LLDPE melt greatly improved its processability. A possible mechanism for the improved processibility is proposed. © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

PVC通信电缆绝缘料流变行为的研究

本文采用毛细管流变仪对聚氯乙烯电缆料的加工流变性能进行了研究，分析并讨论了影响ＰＶＣ流变性能的各种因素。结果表明：在试验温度下，增塑ＰＶＣ的剪切应力均随剪切速率的增加而增大，但当剪切速率增加到一定程度后，剪切速率对剪切应力的影响变小；改性剂ＰＭ－１的加入可以大大降低在相同剪切速率下的剪切应力。改性剂ＰＭ－１使电缆料的剪切敏感性减小，牛顿性增强。虽然ＰＭ－１不能改变临界剪切应力值，但却使当临界剪切应力相应的熔体粘度减小，即临界剪切速率增大，这在实际生产过程中是十分有用的，即可以提高挤出速度而不致于产生熔体破裂。分子量减小，熔体表观粘度明显减小。熔体表观粘度随温度的升高而逐渐减小。     

Linear-low-density polyethylene melt rheology: Extensibility and extrusion defects

This paper investigates three aspects of linear-low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) rheological properties: shear viscosity variations with shear rate and temperature, tensile behavior determined with an extensiometer, and extrusion defects. The differences in shear viscosity variation with shear rate and temperature between LLDPE and LDPE (low-density polyethylene) are shown. These differences, attributed to wider molecular weight distribution and to long chain branching (LCB) in LDPE, involve different extrusion behaviors. The lack of LCB in LLDPE can be demonstrated by comparison of the measured Newtonian viscosity with the value of the same parameter calculated from molecular weight distribution and composition law of Newtonian viscosities. The lack of LCB leads to good melt extensibility, which is shown by tensile properties of polyethylene melts determined with a non-isothermal extensiometer. The melt fracture phenomenon is studied because it promotes surface defects on bubbles in film application. Extrudate distortions are examined at the laboratory extruder outlet. This test shows differences between LLDPE and LDPE, but also between some LLDPE samples.