基于NTF、ODS、PFP分析确定车内噪声贡献面板方法的研究

首先建立客车结构噪声传递函数模型分析车内噪声峰值频率点。然后通过工作变形分析函数模型分析在这些噪声峰值频率点车身发生振动变形较大的位置。将这些振动变形较大的位置设置成噪声贡献面板,建立面板声学贡献量分析模型来确定这些面板对车内噪声水平贡献程度,确定板件对车内声压影响主次关系。该方法为车内噪声评估和车身面板优化提供有效理论指导。     

NTF、ODS、PFP确定车内噪声贡献面板方法

首先建立客车结构噪声传递函数模型分析车内噪声峰值频率点。然后通过工作变形分析函数模型分析在这些噪声峰值频率点车身发生振动变形较大的位置。将这些振动变形较大的位置设置成噪声贡献面板,建立面板声学贡献量分析模型来确定这些面板对车内噪声水平贡献程度,确定板件对车内声压影响主次关系。该方法为车内噪声评估和车身面板优化提供有效理论指导。     

某特种车车内低频噪声分析与改进

针对某特种车车内噪声水平较高问题,建立车身结构与声固耦合有限元分析模型,并进行车身振动频响分析和车内声压响应分析;通过仿真结果与实车道路试验结果对比,验证车身结构和声固耦合有限元模型的有效性;利用耦合声学边界元法进行驾驶室内部声学特性研究,识别出不同工况的主要噪声频率;并对影响车内噪声的车身板件进行声学贡献分析,找到对车内声压贡献最大的板件;最后对声学贡献大的板件粘贴阻尼材料来对车内进行降噪,车内噪声得到较为明显改善。     

基于传递路径分析的车身阻尼材料拓扑优化

以某乘用车怠速工况下的车内噪声为研究对象,建立内饰车身的声-固耦合有限元模型,施加实测的加速度激励预测车内噪声响应。通过有限元模型获取系统传递函数,结合实测加速度激励建立传递路径分析模型,分析怠速工况下驾驶员右耳位置121 Hz频率处各路径的声学噪声贡献情况,以贡献量较大的路径为板件贡献量分析的激励输入位置,确定后地板为铺设阻尼的目标板件。以121 Hz处驾驶员右耳声压最小为目标,建立拓扑优化模型,对后地板阻尼进行布局优化。结果表明,怠速工况下121 Hz峰值频率处驾驶员右耳声压级下降5.59 dB(A),传递路径分析对阻尼结构优化设计具有一定指导作用。     

基于传递路径分析的车身阻尼材料拓扑优化

以某乘用车怠速工况下的车内噪声为研究对象,建立内饰车身的声-固耦合有限元模型,施加实测的加速度激励预测车内噪声响应。通过有限元模型获取系统传递函数,结合实测加速度激励建立传递路径分析模型,分析怠速工况下驾驶员右耳位置121 Hz频率处各路径的声学噪声贡献情况,以贡献量较大的路径为板件贡献量分析的激励输入位置,确定后地板为铺设阻尼的目标板件。以121 Hz处驾驶员右耳声压最小为目标,建立拓扑优化模型,对后地板阻尼进行布局优化。结果表明,怠速工况下121 Hz峰值频率处驾驶员右耳声压级下降5.59 dB(A),传递路径分析对阻尼结构优化设计具有一定指导作用。     

偏相干分析在客车降噪中的应用

车内低频噪声一直是汽车NVH研究关注的重点问题,常需要找到对噪声影响较大的振动结构进行改进,但是振动对场点的贡献并不能代表对整个声场噪声的贡献量。针对多峰值多场点的车内声场问题,引入"总相干系数"和"相干系数和"的概念对现有的偏相干分析方法进行改进。对某型客车的车内噪声进行小波包分解,得到车内声场的声学特性,确定研究的频率范围。通过对各板件振动与车内测点噪声信号进行偏相干分析,确定对车内声场影响较大的结构,并在实车上实施了改进措施。结果表明,车内噪声测点声压级降低0.5 d B~2 d B,为有效降低客车车内噪声提供了指导方向。     

发动机激励引起的车内结构噪声研究

在MSC.Nastran中建立某微型车动力总成系统刚体模型,将刚体模型与有限元柔体车架连接,考虑柔性体对动力总成刚体模态的影响,计算发动机二阶惯性激励随转速变化引起的车内结构噪声。通过板件贡献量分析,评价并确定对声压贡献突出的板件。根据分析结果提出相应的改进措施,降低发动机激励引起的车内噪声。     

基于阶次和传递路径分析的电驱动总成对车内噪声影响

为了探究电驱动总成对车内噪声的影响,对某纯电动汽车进行急加速工况下的试验研究。基于阶次分析确定车内噪声与电驱动总成振动噪声之间的关联,并识别电驱动总成对车内噪声影响较大的激励;基于奇异值分解改进的工况传递路径分析（Operational Transfer Path Analysis,OTPA)方法,分析对车内噪声影响最大的激励通过结构路径和空气路径对车内噪声的贡献情况。结果表明由空间0阶径向电磁力引起的频率24阶激励和48阶激励对车内噪声影响较大,其中24阶激励影响最大。在低转速区间,24阶振动激励和24阶声学激励通过结构路径对车内噪声贡献和通过空气路径基本一致;在中高转速区间,24阶声学激励通过空气路径对车内噪声贡献较大;在高转速区间,24阶振动激励通过后悬置Z方向结构路径对车内噪声贡献较大。研究结果从激励源和传递路径两个方面为降低纯电动汽车车内噪声指明方向。     

内燃机噪声优化对车内声学的影响研究

提出了内燃机结构辐射噪声的仿真与优化方法,评价了内燃机噪声优化前后车内噪声的变化。建立了内燃机和前围板的有限元模型,通过模态分析验证了模型的精度。采用柔性多体动力学方法计算了内燃机的振动响应,并结合边界元算法得到了结构辐射噪声。完成了机体的结构优化,通过提升刚度使整体模态频率与激励峰值频率分离,从而降低机体结构响应,减小辐射噪声。搭建了内燃机与前围板的声学耦合模型,计算得到经机体结构优化前后的内燃机辐射噪声通过前围板后进入车内的声功率。结果显示,机体的优化方案大幅降低了其辐射噪声,从而减小了整机的辐射噪声。研究内燃机噪声与车内噪声的传递路径后,发现车内噪声有了明显的下降,从而证实了优化设计的可行性和有效性。     

某乘用车车内噪声与方向盘振动分析与改进

对某MPV样车(多功能乘用车)进行整车NVH测试,结果表明怠速工况下空调开启时的车内前排噪声和方向盘振动不满足设计要求。通过传递路径分析方法进行试验排查,发现该工况下,车辆前围板(膨胀阀安装位置)在发动机第4阶频率处振动异常是问题的主要原因。经过进一步验证,确定需对样车前围板进行结构改进。接下来通过有限元分析方法对前围板进行结构仿真优化,并在样车上进行优化后的试验验证。试验结果证实优化方案可行,车内前排噪声和方向盘振动得到有效控制。     

热交换器的分类及优缺点分析

热交换器是将不同温度介质之间的热量通过热传导的形式,由高温介质传递给低温介质,使介质达到生产所需温度的工艺设备,也可作为一种节能设备使用.通过对不同热交换器的结构分析,总结不同热交换器的优缺点、适用环境,为生产工艺设计人员及设备制造单位在选择可降低能耗、提高效率的设备上提供参考.     

聚苯胺及其复合物的制备和结构及形貌分析

通过化学氧化法分别制备盐酸,盐酸和十二烷基苯磺酸,碳纳米管(MWNTs-COOH)掺杂的聚苯胺,利用红外光谱,紫外光谱,扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对所制备聚苯胺的结构和形貌进行分析。分析不同掺杂物对聚苯胺的结构和形貌的影响;同时研究了超声波作用对聚苯胺形貌以及聚苯胺包裹MWNTs-COOH情况的影响。     

Thermodynamic similarity and prediction of the properties and characteristics of substances and processes

Principles of the theory of thermodynamic similarity are considered in application to all aggregate states of a substance, including phase transitions, and to the change in dissipative structures in open systems.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 53, No. 5, pp. 709–716, November, 1987.     

Modelling and computation of curing and damage of thermosets

The curing of thermosets is a complex process involving the transition from a fluid into a (visco-) elastic solid. This phase transition comes along with an increase in stiffness and a volume shrinkage of the polymer. The latter may lead to severe residual strains and stresses, which in turn can cause damage in the final, usually quasi-brittle material. In this contribution a constitutive model is developed which takes into account the curing of a thermosetting material together with the process-induced damage as resulting from curing shrinkage. The curing of the material is governed by a phenomenological hypoelastic constitutive equation which includes temporal evolutions for stiffness and volume shrinkage. Thermal and viscous effects are neglected in the present study. An isotropic gradient-enhanced damage model is adapted to describe the damage evolution. The curing-damage model is implemented into a finite element code and numerical examples for thermosetting materials demonstrate that the proposed model is capable to predict cure-induced damage in thermosets.     

碳化硼陶瓷增韧补强和致密化研究现状及其展望

碳化硼陶瓷具有极高的硬度,然而其低韧性、低抗弯强度、难以致密化限制了它的广泛应用.已有一些研究集中于碳化硼陶瓷增韧补强和致密化,对这一方面国内外研究进展进行了归纳与评述,阐明各种增韧补强和致密化方法的优缺点,提出碳化硼陶瓷增韧补强和致密化研究值得发展的一些方向.     

Measurement and analysis of elastic and anelastic properties of alumina and silicon carbide

Measurements of dynamic Young's modulus, E, and damping as a function of temperature, T, were made for alumina and silicon carbide. The Young's modulus data were compared with some from the literature, and analysed in terms of a theoretical framework relating the Debye temperature, θD, with the elastic constants. For both materials this analysis yielded a ratio T₀/θ_D which was near 0.4, where T₀ is an empirical fitting constant for the plot of (E(0)−E)/T versus 1/T (E(0) is the value of E at 0 K). The analysis of the damping data in terms of an Arrhenius type dependence led to effective activation energies near kT, where k is Boltzmann's constant. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanisms of Corosion and Oxidation of Metals and Alloys

Selected topics in field of the study of the mechanisms of corrosion and of oxidation of metals or alloys are presented. The first part reports a new model for the mechanism of the breakaway oxidation of ferritic stainless steels in water vapour. The second part is devoted to the physico‐chemical aspects of oxidation and presents experimental methods useful in the kinetic modelling applied to two alloys, the zircalloy‐4 and an AlMg5 % in the liquid state. In the third part the physical and numerical modelling of the stress corrosion cracking behaviour in face‐centered cubic (fcc) alloys is detailed, which enables the study of the influence of macroscopic parameters (such as the temperature or hydrogen activity) on the fracture process.     

Surface-charge density and potential of coal-liquid mixtures and control of their stability and fluidity

The preparation conditions of concentrated (>70%) aqueous suspensions of coal were optimized, as were the surface charge density and the surface potential of the coal-water suspensions. The theoretical study showed that (1–3) or (2–3) electrolytes such as Na₂SO₄ or Na₅P₃O₁₀, greatly increase the surface charge density and the surface potential of the coal particles in water. This study has led to the interesting result that thinners and stabilizing agents of concentrated clay suspensions, such as lignosulphonates, tripolyphosphates, polynaphtalene sulphonates, etc., must also be good thinners and stabilizing agents for ground coal-water suspensions. Two parameters were controlled: the stability and the fluidity of the suspensions. A penetrometry technique revealed the importance of the resistance coefficient,C _r that can be used as a criterion for the evaluation of coal-water mixture stability and fluidity. Concentrated coal suspensions (about 75% of solid by weight) were prepared in water by using different additives, for instance sodium tripolyphosphate (NaTPP) and surfactants like lignosulphonates (by coupling of the dispersion and stabilizing effects) with the optimum concentration ratio of these two products equal to 1.9. The stability of the suspensions was then greater than 2 months and the viscosity was 1900 cP.     

SARS传染病数学建模及预测预防控制机理研究

首先，利用疾病传播的一般规律及人口守恒统计法则建立了四类人的SARS传染病数学模型，然后运用数学方法对四类人的SARS传染病数学模型进行分析，得出了其生理意义和预防、控制机理。其次，利用人工神经网络理论建立了SARS的预测模型，以北京市的SARS数据为例进行了预测和分析，预测结果显示该模型简单易行，预测精度高。