Y、Ta、Cr元素对Ni-10%Cu-10%Fe-10%Al合金在850℃冰晶石熔盐气氛中热腐蚀行为的影响

通过真空铸造得到Ni-10%Fe-10%Al-10%Cu(质量分数)及分别添加0.8%Y、5.3%Ta和13.6%Cr(质量分数)的Ni-Fe-Al-Cu-X(X:Y或Ta或Cr)4种合金,采用熔盐腐蚀实验及SEM,XRD及EDX测试研究各合金在850℃静态冰晶石熔盐气氛中的腐蚀行为。结果表明:在850℃冰晶石熔盐气氛中,Ni-10%Fe-10%Al-10%Cu合金表面形成的氧化物保护膜;由于氧的聚集、扩散,并在熔盐/氧化膜界面处发生O2+2e=2O2还原反应,而生成的O2与MeO反应生成MeO22,致使NiO和Al2O3等氧化物层疏松、多孔、易剥落;另外,氧化物保护膜也被熔盐挥发的氟化物通过物理化学作用而溶解,形成坑洞,腐蚀层呈现层叠状;添加0.8%Y和5.3%Ta可净化合金晶界,使腐蚀层中氧化产物更致密,提高合金抗冰晶石熔盐气氛腐蚀性能;添加13.6%Cr的Ni-10%Fe-10%Al-10%Cu合金,其腐蚀层形成Cr2O3及NiCr2O4冰晶石结构的化合物,降低其他氧化物的活度,提高氧化膜的保护作用,该合金抗冰晶石熔盐气氛腐蚀性能最好。     

Ni-20Cr-18W高温合金的熔盐热腐蚀特征（英文）

研究700和800℃下Ni-20Cr-18W(质量分数,%)高温合金在混合熔盐(75%Na_2SO_4-25%NaCl)中的热腐蚀行为。结果表明:合金在混合熔盐环境下受到严重的熔盐热侵蚀。合金的热腐蚀速度随着腐蚀温度的增加迅速加快。热腐蚀层呈现明显的双层结构,并且在内腐蚀层下可明显地观察到贫Cr区的存在。腐蚀过程中所产生的腐蚀产物基本相同,主要包括NiO、Cr_2O_3和Ni_3S_2,且在800℃热腐蚀20 h后,腐蚀产物中检测到少量NiCrO_2。此外,提出Ni-20Cr-18W高温合金的热腐蚀机制及腐蚀层的形成机理。     

Ti-Al-Mo系钛合金焊接过程的非等温氧化行为研究

研究了Ti-Al-Mo系钛合金熔池凝固后的高温焊缝金属在500~1300℃范围内不同温度下冷却过程中的非等温氧化行为,对比分析了空气和CO2两种气氛环境下的氧化行为机制。采用氧化增重法、XRD、SEM和XPS等分析测试手段研究了试样表面氧化程度、氧化膜形貌和物相等,结果表明：相比空气气氛,CO2气氛中试样氧化程度更低,并且其氧化层的氧化物颗粒尺寸更小,致密度更高。两种气氛下氧化层主要物相均为金红石型TiO2,在最表层为(TiO2+Al2O3)混合氧化物,并且CO2气氛下所含Al2O3比例更高。CO2气氛下的氧化层孔隙率更低,减少了CO2向内部基体的扩散,同时钛合金与CO2的热力学反应倾向显著低于空气,因此钛合金在CO2环境气氛中进行焊接将具有更低的氧化倾向,CO2可以作为钛合金焊缝金属冷却过程中一定温度范围内的保护气体。     

烧结气氛对铝电解Ni/(NiFe_2O_4-10NiO)金属陶瓷惰性阳极耐腐蚀性能的影响（英文）

对比研究了不同烧结气氛条件下制备的17Ni/(NiFe_2O_4-10NiO)金属陶瓷惰性阳极在Na_3Al F_6-Al_2O3_熔体中的耐腐蚀性能。研究结果表明,在真空和氧含量为2×10~(-3)(体积分数)气氛下制备的NiFe_2O_4基金属陶瓷阳极电解腐蚀率分别为6.46和2.71 cm/a。尽管电解后阳极过渡层中出现了许多孔洞,但在反应新生成的铝酸盐作用下,阳极表面形成了一层致密层。对于氧含量为2×10~(-3)气氛下制备的阳极,其表面电解后生成的致密层厚度(约为50μm)大于真空条件下阳极表面所生成的致密层厚度(约为30μm)。随着烧结气氛中氧含量的降低,所获材料中NiO和NiFe_(2x)O_(4-y-z)中Fe(II)的含量均增加,材料的抗腐蚀能力降低。     

低温熔盐电解制备Ni-Ti合金

采用FFC,以NiO粉和TiO2粉混合烧结片为阴极,石墨棒为阳极,NaCl-CaCl2混合熔盐为电解质,刚玉坩埚为电解槽在700℃的低温熔盐中制备Ni-Ti合金.通过对不同NiO粉和TiO2粉配比进行研究,结果表明:烧结生成了对反应有利的NiTiO3.在压力一定的情况下,阴极组成不同时,电流随时间的变化不同,TiO2含量越少,在10小时内,反应越快.阴极TiO2含量不同,产物也不同可以直接生成金属间化合物TiNi、Ni3Ti和Ti2Ni.     

氧化银对惰性阳极耐熔盐腐蚀性能的影响

以Fe2O3、NiO和Ag2O为主要原料,采用固相烧结工艺制备了NiFe2O4/Ag惰性阳极,用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜对材料的组成和微观结构进行了研究,采用水冷法测量了样品的抗热震性,并测量了其在冰晶石熔盐中的电解腐蚀速率。结果表明:Ag2O的加入提高了样品的抗热震性,降低了惰性阳极试样在冰晶石熔盐中的电解腐蚀速率,当Ag2O含量为6%时,试样的电解腐蚀速率最低。     

电沉积金属Ni涂层的高温腐蚀性能

通过调控电沉积过程中的阴极电流密度制备具有不同晶粒尺寸和择优取向的Ni镀层.采用透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对高温腐蚀前、后不同Ni镀层进行检测分析,对比研究不同Ni镀层经过960 ℃的78.07%Na3AlF6-9.5%AlF3-5%CaF2(质量分数)熔盐气氛腐蚀后的结构、成分和形貌.结果表明:在高电流密度下易获得晶粒细小,平均晶粒尺寸为120 nm,具有较强(100(择优取向的Ni镀层;而在低电流密度下所得的Ni镀层晶粒较粗大,平均晶粒尺寸为925 nm,具有较弱的(111(择优取向.在腐蚀气氛下,低电流密度下所得的Ni镀层在高温腐蚀后有利于生成晶粒粗大、且具有完整"八面体"结构的NiAl2O4尖晶石相;而高电流密度下所得Ni镀层表层腐蚀层的晶粒细小,且主要为NiO相.     

CO还原Fe_2O_3-NiO复合物形成Fe-Ni合金的非等温还原动力学(英文)

研究采用CO还原不同比例Fe2O3-NiO复合物的非等温还原动力学及机理。结果表明:随着NiO含量的增加,样品的还原程度不断提高,NiO的存在提高氧化铁还原率。在还原开始阶段,NiO优先被还原,Ni作为催化剂可以提高氧化铁的还原率。NiO含量的增加促进镍铁相(FeNi3)的增加,但导致铁纹石相(Fe,Ni)和镍纹石相(Fe,Ni)的减少。金属镍、金属铁及镍铁合金的形成导致微观颗粒具有均匀性。在还原初始阶段,气体产物中CO浓度大于CO2浓度,然后逐渐减小,当温度在400~500°C内,Fe2O3-NiO复合物的还原速率达到最大值,成核长大模型可以揭示还原机理。在温度低于1000°C的条件下,成核长大过程是还原反应速率的限制环节。     

CO还原Fe2O3-NiO复合物形成Fe-Ni合金的非等温还原动力学（英文）

研究采用CO还原不同比例Fe2O3-NiO复合物的非等温还原动力学及机理。结果表明:随着NiO含量的增加,样品的还原程度不断提高,NiO的存在提高氧化铁还原率。在还原开始阶段,NiO优先被还原,Ni作为催化剂可以提高氧化铁的还原率。NiO含量的增加促进镍铁相(FeNi3)的增加,但导致铁纹石相(Fe,Ni)和镍纹石相(Fe,Ni)的减少。金属镍、金属铁及镍铁合金的形成导致微观颗粒具有均匀性。在还原初始阶段,气体产物中CO浓度大于CO2浓度,然后逐渐减小,当温度在400~500°C内,Fe2O3-NiO复合物的还原速率达到最大值,成核长大模型可以揭示还原机理。在温度低于1000°C的条件下,成核长大过程是还原反应速率的限制环节。     

多元氯化物熔盐中表面改性Inconel625的腐蚀行为

氯化物熔盐作为传热蓄热介质,对太阳能热发电储能系统中金属部件产生严重腐蚀,而针对镍基合金在氯化物熔盐中的高温腐蚀行为研究较少。以镍基合金Inconel 625和经过表面改性后的Inconel 625(ST In625)为研究对象,利用组织表征、微拉伸试验及高温熔盐浸泡试验,研究不同样品的力学性能变化以及在二元和三元氯化物熔盐中的腐蚀行为。结果表明：ST In625合金强度明显提升,拉伸塑性有所下降。腐蚀初期,两种样品在氯化物熔盐中形成的氧化膜以Cr₂O₃和NiCr₂O4为主,ST In625表面产生的腐蚀坑较少;腐蚀后期,在两种样品表面均检测到NiO,二元氯化物熔盐中两种样品表面未生成明显氧化层,出现明显腐蚀坑,而三元氯化物熔盐表面会生成新的Cr₂O₃和NiCr₂O₄絮状氧化层,无腐蚀坑出现。因此,在氯化物熔盐中ST In625的腐蚀失重较小,耐蚀性明显提高,且两种样品在二元氯化物熔盐中的腐蚀速率较低、但存在明显晶间腐蚀;在三元氯化物...     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.