隔板方向对泡沫芯复材夹芯梁抗剪性能影响的试验研究

采用真空导入工艺制作了3组不同方向(横向、纵向及双向)的隔板增强泡沫芯复材夹芯梁,对其进行了剪跨比为3的三点弯试验研究,获得了其失效过程及破坏模式,分析了隔板布置方向对该复材夹芯梁受剪力学行为的影响。结果表明:1隔板横向、纵向及双向布置时,夹芯梁的破坏模式分别为上面层弯曲折断、侧面层局部屈曲及上面层剪切破坏;2横向隔板可有效阻止泡沫芯材的斜裂缝扩展,从而提高构件在横向荷载作用下的延性,但不能显著提高夹芯梁的刚度和强度;3隔板纵向布置时,构件的承载力和刚度相比于未增强的普通泡沫芯复材夹芯梁分别提高了1.02倍及5.65倍,但延性仅提高了0.23倍;4双向隔板增强泡沫夹芯梁的力学性能与纵向隔板增强泡沫夹芯梁较为相似,其承载力和刚度均明显高于横向隔板。     

双向格构腹板增强泡沫夹层复合材料梁弯曲性能试验

复合材料夹层结构具有比强度高、比刚度高、可设计性强、耐腐蚀等特点,以聚氨酯泡沫为芯材,以玻璃纤维增强复合材料为面板和格构腹板,采用真空导入成型工艺,制备双向格构腹板增强泡沫夹层复合材料梁。对无格构泡沫夹芯复合材料梁,不同腹板高度、腹板间距双向格构增强泡沫夹层复合材料梁进行三点弯曲试验,研究其破坏模式和机理。基于泡沫填充矩形蜂窝芯材的等效十字模型,预估试件的抗弯刚度和挠度,计算值与试验值吻合较好。     

PMI泡沫芯材填充GFRP帽型筋梁弯曲性能研究

通过三点弯曲试验得到聚甲基丙烯(酰)亚胺(PMI)泡沫芯材填充玻纤增强塑料(GFRP)帽型筋梁的弯曲性能数据,发现该结构有较好的延性,破坏形式较为安全.采用有限元方法对试验进行了数值模拟,得到了与试验相符的模拟结果,证明了数值模拟的可行性.在此基础上研究了泡沫芯材倾角、宽度、厚度的变化对结构刚度的影响并进行了数值计算,进一步考虑工艺等因素得出用于电动汽车车身覆盖件的PMI泡沫芯材填充GFRP帽型筋梁的优化设计参数.     

聚苯乙烯泡沫作为风电叶片夹芯材料的可行性研究

讨论了聚苯乙烯(PS)泡沫在风电叶片中的应用,通过对比研究聚氯乙烯(PVC)泡沫和PS泡沫本体以及泡沫玻璃钢夹芯结构的力学性能,通过有限元模拟夹芯结构悬臂梁在加载后发生的位移值来判断PS泡沫作为夹芯结构的芯材对整体刚度的影响,并通过实验测量和有限元模拟泡沫夹芯结构。结果显示,PS泡沫本体力学性能较PVC低;PS泡沫作为夹芯结构的芯材可以使用在叶片的剪切腹板中,在替代PVC泡沫使用在壳体蒙皮的夹芯层中,若要保证蒙皮的刚度不变则需要增加PS泡沫的厚度。     

横向腹板增强复合材料夹层梁受弯性能试验研究

通过四点弯试验研究横向腹板增强复合材料夹层梁受弯性能,得到不同腹板间距、厚度对夹层梁弯曲破坏模式、刚度、极限承载力及延性性能的影响规律。结果表明:横向腹板能改变夹层梁的破坏模式,无腹板增强夹层梁破坏模式为芯材剪切破坏,横向腹板增强夹层梁破坏模式为多区格渐进破坏模式;相对于无腹板增强夹层梁,横向腹板能显著增强复合材料夹层梁的延性特性,最高达229%,腹板间距越小,夹层梁延性性能越好。     

缝合增强泡沫夹芯结构复合材料力学性能研究

采用机械缝合设备连续制备了"X"型构型缝合增强泡沫夹芯结构预成型体,并采用真空导入模塑工艺(VIMP)整体成型了缝合增强泡沫夹芯结构复合材料。实验研究了面板纤维布层数、面板纤维布穿透缝合层数、缝合角度、缝合针距及纱线股数对缝合增强泡沫夹芯结构复合材料弯曲性能和平压性能的影响规律。实验结果表明:与未缝合结构相比,缝合结构在质量未明显增加的情况下,弯曲性能和压缩性能得到了显著提高,其弯曲刚度最大提高了4.66倍,破坏载荷最大提高了13.8倍;压缩强度和压缩模量最大分别提高了26.2倍和15.2倍。     

格构腹板增强泡沫夹芯复合材料梁准静态压陷试验

采用真空导入成型工艺,制备以聚氨酯泡沫为芯材,以玻璃纤维增强复合材料为面板和格构腹板的双向格构腹板增强泡沫夹芯复合材料梁。对普通泡沫夹芯梁和格构腹板增强泡沫夹芯梁进行准静态压陷性能测试并进行对比分析。结果表明:格构腹板增强泡沫夹芯梁相对于普通泡沫夹芯梁,其抗压陷能力得到了显著提升,通过理论推导得出格构腹板增强泡沫夹芯复合材料梁准静态压陷表达式,并且与试验进行对比,结果较吻合。     

玻璃钢/人造石组合板梁弯曲试验研究

本文通过弯曲试验,探讨了玻璃钢/人造石组合板梁的弯曲力学性能和破坏机理。试验结果表明,人造石与玻璃钢结合牢固,能够以组合结构的型式共同工作。用人造石做为玻璃钢的芯材,提高了玻璃钢的抗压和抗剪强度,同时刚度也得到提高。     

格构腹板增强泡沫夹芯复合材料准静态压缩吸能试验

复合材料夹层结构具有轻质高强、弯曲刚度大、耐腐蚀、可设计性强、抗冲击、吸能效果好等特点,用玻璃纤维增强复合材料制作面板和格构腹板,以聚氨酯泡沫作为芯材,采用真空导入成型工艺,制备格构腹板增强泡沫夹芯复合材料试件。保持试件的平面尺寸不变,改变腹板间距、腹板高度、腹板铺层数和泡沫密度等参数,对试件进行准静态轴向压缩试验,对比研究其吸能性能。得到以下结论:格构腹板间距和厚度对抗压承载力和吸能性能影响较大,而泡沫芯材的密度影响较小;该新型复合材料的抗压承载力以及吸能性能随着腹板所占的体积比增大而增大,格构腹板对芯材的承载及吸能增强效果显著。     

夹芯复合材料T型连接结构悬臂弯曲强度特性分析

针对夹芯复合材料T型连接结构,建立了有限元模型,模拟其在悬臂弯曲位移载荷下损伤产生、扩展及失效的过程,进行了悬臂弯曲试验验证模拟结果,进行了结构优化分析。试验结果表明:初始损伤产生时的位移为30 mm~32 mm,对应载荷为7.5 k N~7.7 k N,损伤产生后结构刚度降低,随着位移增加,承载力持续上升,失效强度较初始损伤强度提高了41%~55%;计算结果与试验结果相吻合,且表明初始损伤为复合材料压缩失效,产生于隔板下面板与增强区连接处,随着位移载荷的增加,损伤面积增大最终导致整体结构失效;优化结果表明,提高隔板下面板和芯材厚度,可降低隔板下面板的最大应力和失效因子,缩小上下面板的失效因子差,充分发挥结构性能。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.