真空钎焊工艺对超微粉碎机刀具性能的影响

选用CuMnNi钎料对刀具的刀头YG8硬质合金和刀体45钢进行真空钎,通过剪切强度试验、扫描电镜和能谱仪等方法分析了钎焊温度、钎焊间隙和Cu缓冲层对钎焊接头性能和组织的影响。结果表明:钎焊温度在1000℃、钎焊间隙在0.18 mm时,钎焊接头的组织和强度较好,接头剪切强度达280 MPa;添加0.1 mm Cu缓冲层后,缓冲层与钎料和母材结合界面良好,接头剪切强度最高。     

Al_2O_3陶瓷与Cr12钢活性钎焊接头的组织和性能探讨

采用自行设计制备的Cu-Sn-Ti-Ni活性粉末钎料,在钎焊温度890~930℃,保温时间5~20 min的条件下,对Al2O3陶瓷与Cr12钢进行真空钎焊试验,利用扫描电镜和能谱分析对钎焊界面的微观组织进行了分析。结果表明:钎料与两侧母材润湿良好并形成良好的冶金界面结合;钎焊过程中,钢母材中的Fe元素向钎料层中扩散,钎料中的Ti元素向母材两侧扩散并聚集,在钎料层钢母材侧生成Ti Fe2和Ti C化合物。对接头抗剪强度的分析结果表明,在钎焊温度890℃、保温时间10 min的条件下,接头的抗剪强度最高,达118 MPa。     

硬质合金与中碳钢的钎焊

为实现中碳钢和硬质合金的高效优质钎焊,以铜钎料和银钎料对其进行了感应钎焊并对焊接结果做一比较,分析了钎焊接头界面组织和焊接前后硬质合金显微硬度变化.结果表明,两种钎料都可以使硬质合金和中碳钢形成良好的钎焊接头,焊缝致密良好、宽度均匀,满足焊接要求.两种焊料的钎焊接头都由钎缝中心区、界面反应扩散区和母材近焊缝一侧的扩散区组成;接头组织靠硬质合金一侧界面平整,钢一侧界面有明显反应过渡层区,而且钎料组分有明显向钢一侧富集的趋势.铜钎料的扩散区相对较窄;银钎料与钢反应扩散区较宽,扩散更充分.维氏硬度测试结果表明,因感应钎焊的淬火效应焊接后硬质合金的显微硬度有显著增加.     

Zn-Al-Cu基合金无钎剂钎焊泡沫铝的界面结构及力学性能

以Zn--Al--Cu基合金为钎料, 对74.7%---91.6%不同孔隙率的泡沫铝采用无钎剂钎焊方法进行连接实验. 采用OM和SEM观察钎缝组织及界面结构, EDS测定界面元素分布, XRD分析界面物相, 通过热力学分析验证钎料中Cu和Zn与母材中Al元素的相互作用和除膜机理, 对钎焊接头试样进行拉伸和剪切性能实验, 分析孔隙率与接头试样强度之间的关系.结果表明, 该无钎剂钎焊方法在泡沫铝端 面之间形成密实结构的连续钎料层,未改变母材结构特征; 钎缝组织由Al(Zn) 固溶体、Zn(Al) 固溶体、Cu₄Zn及MgMnO₃组成; 连接界面主要由Al(Zn)固溶体组成, Zn,Al和Cu在界面上相互扩散而形成一定扩散梯度, 熔合良好, 钎焊接头抗拉强度与母材相当, 剪切强度略高于相同孔隙率母材的剪切强度,抗拉强度和剪切强度均随孔隙率增加而明显降低.     

高强韧CuZnNiMn纽扣钎料钎焊截齿接头组织与性能

针对采煤、掘进机械用截齿,采用短流程方式制备了Cu-Zn-Ni-Mn纽扣型钎料.使用制备的纽扣型钎料,采用高频感应方式完成了实际产品的焊接.焊后分别对焊接接头的宏观形貌、剪切性能、剪切断口形貌、钎焊界面组织及成分进行分析.结果表明,制备的纽扣型钎料能够良好的润湿钢基体和硬质合金,钎焊填缝率达到100%;钎焊接头剪切强度260 MPa以上,剪切形貌为典型的韧窝状韧性断裂.在钢基体-钎料侧,Fe原子与Co原子出现长程扩散,形成Fe基固溶体和Fe-Co-Ni单相固溶体,钎料-硬质合金侧界面的强度依靠钎料向硬质合金内部的扩散与Co元素的固溶获得.     

Cf/SiC复合材料与钛合金(Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni)+W复合-扩散连接

采用(Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni)+W复合钎料作为连接层,在连接温度930℃,保温时间5min的工艺参数下真空钎焊Cf/SiC复合材料与钛合金.利用SEM,EDS和XRD分析接头微观组织结构,利用剪切试验测试接头力学性能.结果表明,钎焊时复合钎料中的钛、锆与C/SiC复合材料反应,在Cf/SiC复合材料与连接层界面生成Ti3SiC2,Ti5Si3和少量TiC(ZrC)化合物的混合反应层,连接层的铜、镍与钛合金中的钛发生相互扩散,在连接层与钛合金界面形成Ti-Cu化合物过渡层.对钎焊接头进行900℃,保温60 min扩散处理后,连接层组织达到均一化,母材TC4合金侧过渡层增厚.扩散处理后接头强度为99 MPa,较钎焊接头强度65 MPa提高了52％.     

铜基微晶钎料真空钎焊25Cr3MoA/YG6

应用Cu-11%Sn-2%Ni微晶钎料对25Cr3MoA钢和YG6硬质合金进行了真空钎焊,观察了接头组织形貌,建立了钎料层/母材原子互扩散模型,定量分析了焊接区合金元素的分布特征,并在专用仪器上测试了接头的剪切强度.结果表明:使用铜基微晶钎料钎焊25Cr3MoA和YG6,润湿性和铺展性良好,形成的钎缝饱满致密,接头钎着率高;钎缝组织以铜固溶体为主相,其间分布着Cu3Sn相,富Ni的Cu9NiSn3相以及少量的γ-Fe相.铜原子从钎缝向母材的扩散深度约为25μm.应用铜基微晶钎料可实现25Cr3MoA与YG6的真空扩散钎焊连接,接头剪切强度较高,达169 MPa.     

TC4钛合金和YG8硬质合金的钎焊工艺

针对钛合金和YG8型硬质合金异种材料的真空钎焊工艺和接头可靠性问题展开研究,采用润湿性实验、金相显微镜、显微硬度计、万能拉伸试验机、扫描电子显微镜等实验及测试手段,对Ag94AlMn钎焊试样接头的微观组织结构、维氏硬度、接头剪切强度等进行试验分析。结果表明,银基钎料与钛合金、硬质合金界面冶金结合良好,焊缝表面组织均匀,无微裂纹。钎缝组织为Ag基固溶体,硬质合金母材Co、W元素和钛合金母材Ti、V元素向钎缝内扩散甚少,几乎不发生母材溶蚀;TC4与YG8真空钎焊异种金属真空钎焊,选择银基钎料以及钎焊温度920℃、保温时间10 min的工艺参数,接头剪切强度最高。     

采用Ni基钎料和Cu中间层真空钎焊W/CuCrZr的接头组织和性能研究

以20μm厚的纯Cu片作为中间层,采用20μm厚的非晶态Ni基钎料箔在在900、930、950℃下保温10min真空钎焊W和CuCrZr合金。采用SEM和EDS分析了钎焊接头的界面形貌,检测钎焊接头的剪切强度及显微硬度。结果表明,中间层Cu与母材CuCrZr合金一侧界面结合良好,在CuCrZr合金一侧形成了钎焊热影响区;钎料与W母材界面处形成了反应层,在W母材侧有微裂纹。随着钎焊温度的升高,W侧裂纹增多,造成接头性能的迅速恶化。W和CuCrZr的钎焊温度最好控制在930℃以下。以纯Cu片为中间层,采用Ni基钎料钎焊W和CuCrZr的过程,实质上是Ni与Cu、W互相扩散并反应生成化合物层和固溶体的过程。钎焊接头的最佳剪切强度为144MPa,断裂主要发生在W母材及W与反应层之间的界面。钎缝区域的显微硬度随钎焊温度的升高而降低,CuCrZr合金焊接热影响区的硬度高于其母材。     

YG8硬质合金与45钢真空钎焊的研究

以Cu作钎料将YG8硬质合金与45钢进行真空钎焊,实现了高强度钻头连接。借助扫描电镜、X射线能谱分析了其钎焊接头的微观组织形貌和焊接区成分结构,测定了钎焊接头的剪切强度,发现钎料/硬质合金/钢三种材料在该工艺下发生组元间显著的相互扩散,从而实现钎料与钢和硬质合金的高强度结合。     

Vacuum Brazing of WC-8Co Cemented Carbides to Carbon Steel Using Pure Cu and Ag-28Cu as Filler Metal

The wetting and spreading behavior of commercial pure Cu and Ag-28Cu alloy on WC-8Co cemented carbide were investigated by the sessile drop technique. The contact angle of both systems obviously decreases with moderately increasing the wetting temperature. Vacuum brazing of the WC-8Co cemented carbide to SAE1045 steel using the pure Cu or Ag-28Cu as filler metal was further carried out based on the wetting results. The interfacial interactions and joint mechanical behavior involving microhardness, shear strength and fracture were analyzed and discussed. An obvious Fe-Cu-Co transition layer is detected at the WC-8Co/Cu interface, while no obvious reaction layer is observed at the whole WC-8Co/Ag-28Cu/SAE1045 brazing seam. The microhardness values of the two interlayers and the steel substrate near the two interlayers increase more or less, while those of WC-8Co cemented carbide substrates adjacent to the two interlayers decrease. The WC-8Co/SAE1045 joints using pure Cu and Ag-28Cu alloy as filler metals obtain average shear strength values of about 172 and 136 MPa, and both of the joint fractures occur in the interlayers.     

硬质合金圆环与钢基体钎焊过程的数值模拟

针对硬质合金存钎焊冷却过程产生很大的热应力而导致钎焊裂纹这一问题,采用有限元分析方法对硬质合金圆环与钢基体钎焊时冷却过程中的残余应力的分布情况进行模拟,研究接头形状、钎缝厚度对焊后残余应力的大小及分布规律的影响。结果表明,钢体上开工艺槽导致焊岳残余应力增加,对接头强度不利;钎缝厚度存在一最佳值一经试验验证,计算结果与试验基本一致。     

Microstructure and properties of WC–Co/3Cr13 joints brazed using Ni electroplated interlayer

The brazed joints of WC–Co cemented carbide and 3Cr13 stainless steel using Ni electroplated on Cu–Zn alloy as interlayer were investigated. The shear strength of the WC–Co/interlayer/3Cr13 joints increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of brazing temperature or brazing time. The maximum shear strength value of the brazed joints was 154 MPa at 1100 °C for 10 min. The characterizations of the WC–Co/interlayer/3Cr13 joints were studied by SEM, EDS and XRD. The results showed that the brazed joints fractured in the bulk WC–Co substrates near the interlayer. The added Ni promoted the formation of interdiffusion zone, which possessed positive effects on the bond strength of the WC–Co/interlayer/3Cr13 joints. Austenite solid solution was formed in the WC–Co/interlayer/3Cr13 joint, and the majority of austenite solid solution presented as columnar crystal. The number of austenite crystals on the WC–Co/interlayer interface was tremendously more than that on the interlayer/3Cr13 interface.     

硬质合金与钢焊接技术的研究现状

本文概述了硬质合金与钢焊接中的问题及难点,介绍了硬质合金与钢焊接的国内外研究现状。其中,钎焊和扩散焊是目前连接硬质合金与钢的主要方法,但其接头使用温度受到限制,接头形式也比较单一;而通过采用特殊焊接工艺及焊接材料,利用普通熔焊方法和高能束焊接方法也能实现它们之间的连接,但是在其焊接接头处极易产生裂纹缺陷。因此,这些方法都不能满足使用要求,要获得硬质合金与钢的可靠焊接接头,应从焊接工艺和焊接材料两个方面做进一步的研究。     

A brief review of brazing diamond in cutting tools

Diamond has high hardness and good wear resistance. It is widely used in cutting tools and workpieces. Brazing is an effective method to realize high quality cemented carbide joints in various materials connection technologies. This paper analyzes the research status of diamond brazing in detail. The materials used as brazing filler in diamond brazing are reviewed. Copper base filler and nickel base filler are the most commonly used brazing filler in diamond brazing. The advantages and disadvantages of diamond grinding tools under different production methods are analyzed. In addition, a series of new brazing alloys such as amorphous Ni based brazing filler metals are analyzed. Finally, the development trend of diamond brazing is pointed out.     

Laser brazing of a dissimilar joint of austenitic stainless steel and pure copper

In many industries, there are applications that require the joining of stainless steel and copper components; therefore, the welding of dissimilar stainless steel/copper joints is a common process. For this investigation, the optimal brazing conditions and suitable filler metals for laser brazing of stainless steel/copper lap joints were studied. Tensile shear force increases with increases in the laser spot diameter or in the laser irradiation angle, which is associated with increased bonding width; however, as bonding width approaches 2 mm, tensile shear force reaches a saturated value due to fracturing at the HAZ of the Cu base plate. In order to obtain joints with high tensile shear strength, laser brazing was optimized by using Cu–Si-based filler metal under the following conditions: laser power, 4 kW; spot diameter, 3 mm; laser irradiation angle, 80°; irradiation position shift, 0.6 mm; brazing speed, 0.30 m/min; and filler metal feed speed, 0.30 min. Concerning filler metals, it was found that the Ni–Cu type showed relatively large tensile shear force even at high welding speeds in comparison with those of the Cu–Si, Cu, Cu–Ni, Ni–Cu and Ni types, respectively.     

YG8硬质合金与2Cr13马氏体不锈钢真空钎焊及热处理一体化工艺研究

采用CuMnCo钎料,对YG8硬质合金和2Cr13马氏体不锈钢进行真空钎焊以及焊后淬火处理,研究分析了钎焊温度、钎焊间隙及淬火处理对接头组织和性能的影响。实验表明,采用此种焊接工艺能够得到组织致密,结合良好的焊接接头,钎缝中心区组织为均匀的Cu-Mn基固溶体,在两个界面反应区为Fe-Co基固溶体;在钎焊温度为1085℃,钎焊间隙为0.20mm时,得到了最佳钎焊接头,抗弯强度为732MPa;钎焊后进行970℃淬火处理,接头强度略有下降,但仍能达到581MPa。     

硬质合金/钢活性液相扩散焊接技术研究

为解决冲孔机硬质合金冲头由于焊接强度不够导致使用中冲头容易脱落,进而大大降低冲头的使用寿命的问题,采用Ti/Cu组合中间层的活性瞬间液相扩散焊(A-TLP)进行了"硬质合金/钢"的焊接试验,并在相同条件下与钎焊进行了对比,采用自制夹具与电子拉伸试验机相结合的方式进行了焊接接头剪切强度的检测。实验发现,对于"YG6X硬质合金/45号钢"的焊接来说,活性瞬间液相扩散焊(A-TLP)的焊接强度远高于钎焊,两种焊接接头的剪切强度分别为173.52 MPa和112.12 MPa。     

Microstructure and shear strength of the brazed joint of Ti（C,N）-based cermet to steel

Firm joins were obtained between Ti(C,N)-based cermet and steel with Ag-Cu-Zn-Ni filler metal by vacuum brazing. The effects of technological parameters such as brazing temperature, holding time, and filler thickness on the shear strength of the joints were investigated. The microstructure of welded area and the reaction products of the filler metal were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), metallographic microscope (OM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The brazing temperature of 870°C, holding time of 15 min, and filler thickness of 0.4 mm are a set of optimum technological parameters, under which the maximum shear strength of the joints, 176.5 MPa, is achieved. The results of microstructure show that the wettability of the filler metal on Ti(C,N)-based cermet and steel is well. A mutual solution layer and a diffusion layer exist between the welding base materials and the filler metal.