Arthroscopic treatment of patellar symptoms in posterior stabilized total knee replacement

Twenty-one patients with patellar symptoms had arthroscopic treatment. Symptoms included frank patellar clunk and painful patellofemoral crepitus. All patients had posterior stabilized total knee replacement (TKR). The average onset of symptoms following TKR was 17 (range 3-75) months. All patients were referred to physiotherapy treatment before arthroscopic treatment. The average duration of symptoms prior to arthroscopic treatment was 23 (range 4-92) months. All patients were satisfied with resolution of symptoms at average follow-up of 32 (range 12-52) months. No complications were encountered; however, one patient had recurrence of a painful patellar crepitus 8 months after arthroscopy.     

Patellofemoral arthroplasty. A three- to nine-year follow-up study

Twenty-two patients with 25 patellofemoral arthroplasties (resurfacing of the patella and femoral groove) were evaluated to assess long-term results. A past history of patellofemoral malalignment or instability was obtained from 14 patients. Preoperative roentgenograms demonstrated patellofemoral osteoarthritis in all 25 knees; five patients had both tibiofemoral and patellofemoral osteoarthritis. The average age at the time of surgery was 62 years and follow-up time averaged 5.3 years. Results were determined using a modified Hungerford knee rating scale. Follow-up roentgenograms were evaluated for mechanical failure and progressive deterioration of the tibiofemoral joint. Eighteen of 25 (72%) patellofemoral arthroplasties were rated excellent or good. However, 15 of 17 patellofemoral arthroplasties (88%), all performed on women, had satisfactory results. There were seven failures. The presence of tibiofemoral osteoarthritis adversely affected the outcome; excluding the five patients with tibiofemoral osteoarthritis, 17 of 20 patellofemoral arthroplasties (85%) had satisfactory results. Other reasons for failure were malposition of the components and persistent patellofemoral malalignment. Mechanical failure was not observed. Patellofemoral arthroplasty may be indicated for patients with osteoarthritis limited to the patellofemoral compartment.     

Patellar resurfacing in total condylar knee arthroplasty. Technique and results

One hundred thirty-two total condylar knee arthroplasties with a 3-8-year follow-up period were studied prospectively with particular reference to the patellofemoral joint. All patients had significant patellofemoral disease and underwent primary patellar resurfacing. After operation 96% of patients had little or no pain and 98% had functional improvement. There were seven (5%) complications related to the patellofemoral joint. The importance of careful attention to preparation of the patella, the technique of prosthetic implantation and correct patellar tracking were emphasized. Routine patellar resurfacing proved highly successful with minimal complications.     

Primary total joint arthroplasty performed in operating rooms following cases of known infection

No study has examined infection rates in "clean" cases following "dirty" cases. This study evaluated patients undergoing elective primary total joint arthroplasties performed in operating rooms following cases of known infection for development of postoperative infection. A retrospective review of all elective primary total joint arthroplasties performed over a 5-year period at our institution was conducted. Patients who underwent primary total joint arthroplasties that followed cases of known infection in the same operating room were examined (minimum follow-up of 1 year) to determine the occurrence of infection based on culture data and subsequent procedures. Thirty-nine total joint arthroplasties (27 total knee arthroplasties and 12 total hip arthroplasties) in 35 patients were performed following cases of known infection in the same operating room. Of these patients, 1 (2.6%) developed a periprosthetic joint infection. The infecting organism (Propionibacterium acnes) was the same as that isolated from the preceding "dirty" case. Further investigation is necessary to determine whether performing primary total joint arthroplasties immediately following "dirty" cases increases risk of infection.     

Arthroscopic distal clavicle resection from a bursal approach

We retrospectively reviewed 117 consecutive patients who underwent arthroscopic acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) arthroplasties. Only patients who underwent ACJ arthroplasties from a bursal approach in conjunction with subacromial decompression were included. Patients with isolated ACJ arthrosis treated with resection of the distal clavicle from a superior approach, isolated impingement with only undersurface distal clavicle debridement, prior surgery, or other shoulder pathology were excluded. Twenty-four patients met these rigid criteria for inclusion in the study. After an arthroscopic subacromial decompression, the distal clavicle was visualized and resected through a standard bursal approach. In addition, an anterosuperior portal was used in 50% of the patients to confirm adequate clavicle resection. Postoperative follow-up averaged 32.5 months (range, 24 to 70 months). Preoperative and postoperative pain were rated subjectively on a 5- point scale (1, incapacitating pain; 5, no pain). Operative reports and postoperative radiographs were reviewed to determine technical factors that may have influenced outcome. Seventeen patients had excellent results (71%), 4 good (16.5%), and there were 3 failures (12.5%). Average preoperative pain rating was 1.8 and was improved to 4.3 postoperatively. The average amount of clavicle resection was only 5.4 mm. Given smooth, even, and complete bone removal, the amount of bone resected did not correlate with outcome. Arthroscopic distal clavicle resection performed in conjunction with subacromial decompression gave excellent results, comparable to isolated ACJ procedures. In this series, additional use of an anterosuperior portal for more direct shaver placement and complete ACJ viewing allowed consistent bone resection and excellent results in a high percentage of patients.Arthroscopy 1998 Jan-Feb;14(1):52-6     

关节镜下髌骨去神经化处理联合微骨折术治疗髌股关节炎

目的 :探讨关节镜下髌骨去神经化联合微骨折术治疗髌股关节炎的临床疗效。方法 :自2015年5月至2018年5月治疗60例膝关节退行性髌股关节炎患者,男28例,女32例;年龄24～56(40.5±3.35)岁。其中30例行单纯关节镜检查清理术(对照组),30例行关节镜下清理、髌骨周围去神经化联合软骨锥髌股关节面微骨折处理(治疗组)。术后采用VAS、Lysholm、Kujala评分评价治疗效果。结果:所有患者术后未出现切口感染、血管神经损伤、下肢深静脉血栓等并发症。60例患者均获随访,时间7～36个月,平均12.5个月。两组患者术后4周VAS评分均改善,而且治疗组改善明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者术后末次随访时行Lysholm、Kujala评分比较,治疗组改善明显优于对照组。结论:髌骨去神经化处理联合微骨折术治疗髌股关节炎能更好地缓解疼痛,改善膝关节功能。     

Results of one-stage endoprosthesis revision in periprosthetic infection cause by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

OBJECTIVE: Are the results of one-stage exchange arthroplasties to treat periprosthetic infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) comparable to bacteriologically unselected studies of one-stage exchange operations? METHOD: From 1996 to 1997 twenty patients with a periprosthetic infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were treated at the ENDO-Klinik by an one-stage exchange arthroplasty. Mean follow-up of fifteen one-stage exchange total hip replacements and 5 one-stage exchange total knee replacements was 16 months. The patients were examined by means of clinical, laboratory-chemical and radiological tests. In addition, postoperative joint aspiration was performed on 14 patients. RESULTS: In 11 cases (61%) the periprosthetic infection was treated successfully with only one one-stage exchange operation. In cases with persisting infection the period between the first exchange arthroplasty and the repeated clinical manifestation of the infection (second exchange operation) was 2 months on average. 93% of the joint aspirations (n = 14), performed on average 4 weeks postoperatively, correlated with the result of the follow-up tests. CONCLUSION: Periprosthetic infection with MRSA is a problematic infection. Because of the reduced therapeutic possibilities it is associated with a higher rate of recurrence than the unselected group of patients as a whole [6, 11, 16, 17, 19, 20]. The authors recommend one-stage exchange arthroplasty using a combination of vancomycin and ofloxacin as admixture to polymethylmethacrylat (Refobacin Palacos R). This procedure does, however, need further development. Intraoperative use of an antiseptic and systemic administration of rifampicin, as recommended by Zimmerli [23] is a further possibility.     

Long-term results of silicone trapezial implant arthroplasty

The senior author has performed the Swanson implant arthroplasty for arthritis of the basal joint of the thumb for the past 12 years. Fifty-two patients with a total of 64 arthroplasties of the thumb were reviewed, with follow-up periods of 12-156 months (average, 4.4 years). The majority (80%) of the arthroplasties were performed for osteoarthritis; 11% were performed for rheumatoid arthritis, 6% for traumatic arthritis, and 3% for mixed connective tissue disease. Subjective and objective hand functional measurements and radiographic examinations were performed in the majority of patients (77%). The overall results were good both subjectively and objectively. Although degenerative changes involving the implant occurred with increasing frequency as the follow-up period increased, these changes were not symptomatic in the majority of cases.     

膝关节镜下诊治局灶性色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的临床疗效

目的 探讨采用关节镜技术诊治膝关节局灶性色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎(localized pigmented villonodular synovitis,LPVNS)的临床疗效.方法 2004年6月至2007年9月,关节镜下辅助诊治12例LPVNS患者,男5例,女7例;年龄22～53岁,平均36.3岁.病程最短1个月,最长84个月,平均19.5个月.关节镜下行关节内肿物和局部滑膜切除术,根据膝关节Lysholm评分评估术后疗效.结果 膝关节镜检查发现2例伴内侧半月板前角损伤,1例伴外侧半月板损伤,4例内侧滑膜皱襞增生Ⅲ度,3例髌股关节炎Ⅱ度,其中1例伴内外侧髁软骨Ⅲ度磨损.3例肿物来源于内侧半月板前角附着处滑膜,1例在外侧半月板前角附着处滑膜,3例在髌下脂肪垫,1例在髁间窝,2例在内侧沟,1例在外侧沟.1 例来源于膝关节后纵隔内侧面滑膜.肿物大小平均1.7 cm×1.4 cm×0.8 cm(0.5 cm×0.5 cm×0.5 cm～3 cm×3 cm×2 cm);2例无蒂,10例带蒂,术后组织切片均明确LPVNS的诊断.术后无一例发生膝关节感染.术后随访6～45个月,平均19.9个月.7例无任何不适,3例膝关节下蹲时存在疼痛,1例活动后肿胀,1例行走后疼痛.术后膝关节Lysholm评分为78～100分,平均96.3分;8例优,3例良,1例中.结论 关节镜技术是诊治膝关节LPVNS的一种有效方法 .     

关节镜辅助下小切口重建内侧髌股韧带治疗创伤性复发性髌骨脱位

目的探讨关节镜辅助下小切口同种异体肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带(MPFL)治疗创伤性复发性髌骨脱位的临床效果。方法回顾性分析自2006年1月～2010年4月共收治28例创伤性复发性髌骨脱位,所有患者在第一次脱位均为膝关节外伤所致,伤后患膝明显肿胀及髌骨脱位-复位感,此后出现髌骨脱位3次以上者。手术方法:先行关节镜检查,髌骨外侧支持带紧张者行松解术,关节镜监视下调整MFPL的张力并于其解剖止点以同种异体肌腱重建MFPL,术后接受正规功能康复锻炼。结果术后平均随访26个月(12～36个月)。重建术后无髌骨再次脱位发生,髌股关节稳定。术前、术后均采用Lysholm和Kujala膝关节评分标准,手术前后评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论选择适当的病例,重建内侧髌股韧带是治疗创伤性复发性髌骨脱位的有效方法。     

Polycentric total knee arthroplasty. A ten-year follow-up study

After review of the first 209 polycentric total knee arthroplasties (in 159 patients) performed at the Mayo Clinic between July 1970 and November 1971, we found that the calculated probability of the arthroplasty remaining successful ten years postoperatively was 66 per cent. Actual results showed 42 per cent of the arthroplasties to be successful in patients who were still alive at review; another 24 per cent were successful but were in patients who had died or were lost to follow-up before ten years postoperatively. In 34 per cent failure occurred, which we defined as reoperation for any reason, unacceptable pain, or loss of function. The most common causes of failure were instability or ligament laxity (13 per cent), loosening of a component (7 per cent), infection (3 per cent), and patellofemoral joint pain (4 per cent). Prior knee surgery significantly decreased the probability of success, as did axial malalignment of the prosthetic components at operation.     

高度屈曲畸形膝的全膝关节置换策略

目的 探讨膝关节高度屈曲畸形的临床特点和矫形手术的技巧.方法 2002年10月至2007年6月,对8例膝关节屈曲畸形>60°的患者行全膝关节置换术,所有患者均使用旋转铰链式假体(Plus RT-solution).男3例,女5例;年龄42～73岁,平均63.3岁.术前诊断:骨性关节炎4例,创伤后畸形愈合1例,结核1例,类风湿关节炎1例,强直性脊柱炎膝关节强直1例.创伤后畸形愈合的病例采用原膝关节内侧入路,其余患者均采用正中切口髌骨内侧入路,所有病例均未行髌骨置换.疗效评估主要采用影像学观察和膝关节HSS评分(Hospital for Special Surgery knee score).术前屈曲畸形平均96.5°(70°～105°),HSS评分平均10分(3～15分),无关节活动度.结果 术后平均随访39.9个月(9～80个月).影像学显示无假体松动,髌骨轨迹良好.术后平均伸直阻滞8°(5°～15°),HSS评分平均85分(74～93分),膝关节平均活动度90°(80°～110°).1例患者有髌股关节症状,无感染、松动等相关并发症.结论 对于膝关节高度屈曲畸形的患者,行充分的软组织松解,合适的截骨,并结合使用旋转铰链式假体,可以取得良好的手术效果.     

急性滑脱性髌股关节撞击综合征的关节镜下治疗

 目的 探讨急性滑脱性髌股关节撞击综合征的损伤机制、MRI诊断特征以及关节镜下诊治方法。方法 2005年9月至2012年10月应用改良髌内侧支持带紧缩缝合治疗急性滑脱性髌股关节撞击综合征46例,男9例,女37例;年龄15~31岁,平均21.6岁。术前常规行膝关节X线及MR检查,测量Q角、外侧髌股角及髌骨外移度。MRI髌内侧支持带损伤按照Schweitzer分级标准：Ⅰ度15例、Ⅱ度18例、Ⅲ度8例、Ⅳ度5例。手术于关节镜监视下施行,清除关节内积血,关节内探查,取出游离软骨和骨软骨碎片,软骨成形,修整损伤软骨面。对髌内侧支持带Ⅰ度损伤者行关节镜下清理及髌内侧支持带固缩。对髌内侧支持带Ⅱ~Ⅲ度损伤伴明显髌骨移位者采用改良髌内侧支持带紧缩缝合术,对受伤时间超过2周的9例同时行髌外侧支持带松解。对髌内侧支持带Ⅳ度损伤者行切开加固缝合。结果 急性滑脱性髌股关节撞击综合征的关节镜下表现包括关节内血肿46例、股骨外髁和髌骨内侧骨软骨损伤37例、游离体形成28例及髌内侧支持带撕裂46例。所有病例均获得随访,随访时间12~36个月,平均18.2个月,无感染、神经血管损伤和再脱位等并发症发生。手术前后Lysholm膝关节评分、Tegner膝关节运动水平评分、AAOS膝关节评分、外侧髌股角及髌骨外移度的差异有统计学意义,患者运动功能均较术前有所改善。结论 关节镜下改良髌内侧支持带紧缩缝合辅助髌外侧支持带松解术,是治疗急性滑脱性髌股关节撞击综合征髌内侧支持带Ⅱ~Ⅲ度损伤的有效方法,有利于恢复膝关节功能,近期疗效好。     

胫骨结节远端单平面截骨术对髌骨高度的影响

目的观察胫骨结节远端单平面截骨术对髌骨高度的影响。 方法选取2017年8月至2018年10月于北京中医药大学第三附属医院微创关节科行胫骨结节远端单平面截骨术患者68例;其中男13例,女55例,年龄(64±7)岁。纳入标准：髌骨位置无严重偏移且术后随访资料完整;排除标准：关节镜对髌股关节进行干预治疗;严重膝关节韧带损伤伴功能不全;严重其他骨病;既往膝关节手术史;随访术肢并发二次损伤。采用Caton-Deschamps指数(CDI)、股骨髌骨高度指数(FPHI)评估髌骨高度的变化,髌骨轴位45°X线片Kellgren-Lawrence(K-L)分级评估髌股关节退化程度;采用美国特种外科医院评分(HSS)评估膝关节功能。使用重复测量的方差分析与卡方检验进行统计学分析。 结果68例患者均获得随访,随访时间(17±5)个月。CDI由术前的(0.94 ±0.14)改善为术后1周、术后12月时(0.91±0.21)、(0.89±0.17)(F＝0.451,P>0.05);FPHI由术前的(1.51±0.22)改善为术后1周、术后12月的(1.52±0.17)、(1.52±0.21)(F＝0.782,P>0.05);髌股关节K-L分级术前、术后1周及术后12月时无显著变化(χ² ＝0.479,P＝0.628)。HSS评分由术前(52±16)改善为术后3、12个月的(69±11)、(83±7),差异有统计学意义(F＝282.638,P<0.001)。 结论胫骨结节远端单平面截骨术对髌骨高度无明显影响,髌股关节未见显著退化。     

髌股关节疾病的非手术治疗与关节镜手术治疗比较

目的 探索治疗髌股关节疾病的有效微创方法。方法 对296例髌股关节疾病患者,严格按照Merchant分型进行分类后,随机分为两组。一组采用非手术治疗;另一组根据具体情况,分别施行不同的关节镜手术;术后随访两组膝关节的功能恢复情况,并进行统计学比较。结果术后随访时间3~28个月,平均18.6个月。膝关节术后功能恢复程度参考HSS膝关节评分标准进行评定。非手术治疗组平均优良率为56.0％;而关节镜组平均优良率达91.7％。各组不同治疗后结果差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论运用膝关节镜手术治疗髌股关节疾病,具有微创、高效的特点,值得推广。     

The Richards type II patellofemoral arthroplasty: 26 cases followed for 1-20 years.

We followed 26 Richards type II patellofemoral arthroplasties in 24 patients (19 women) for a mean of 11 (1-20) years. Their mean age was 59 (22-90) years. The preoperative diagnoses were primary patellofemoral arthrosis in 17 cases and secondary arthrosis in 9 (8 malalignment, 1 patellar fracture). Patellectomy was later performed for persistent pain or patellar malalignment in 3 cases and a conversion to a total knee arthroplasty for progressive tibio-femoral degeneration or patella malalignment in 2. The mean Knee Society knee score for 21 knees at follow-up was 90 (65-100) points. The patients rated the results of surgery in 9 knees as excellent, 7 good, 4 improved, and 1 unimproved at follow-up. None of the implants showed signs of loosening or infection. The Richards type II patellofemoral arthroplasty yields acceptable long-term results in patients with isolated end-stage patellofemoral osteoarthrosis. Patient selection and patella alignment are important.     

The Richards type II patellofemoral arthroplasty: 26 cases followed for 1-20 years

We followed 26 Richards type II patellofemoral arthroplasties in 24 patients (19 women) for a mean of 11 (1-20) years. Their mean age was 59 (22-90) years. The preoperative diagnoses were primary patellofemoral arthrosis in 17 cases and secondary arthrosis in 9 (8 malalignment, 1 patellar fracture). Patellectomy was later performed for persistent pain or patellar malalignment in 3 cases and a conversion to a total knee arthroplasty for progressive tibio-femoral degeneration or patella malalignment in 2. The mean Knee Society knee score for 21 knees at follow-up was 90 (65-100) points. The patients rated the results of surgery in 9 knees as excellent, 7 good, 4 improved, and 1 unimproved at follow-up. None of the implants showed signs of loosening or infection. The Richards type II patellofemoral arthroplasty yields acceptable long-term results in patients with isolated end-stage patellofemoral osteoarthrosis. Patient selection and patella alignment are important.     

The Richards type II patellofemoral arthroplasty: 26 cases followed for 1-20 years

We followed 26 Richards type II patellofemoral arthroplasties in 24 patients (19 women) for a mean of 11 (1-20) years. Their mean age was 59 (22-90) years. The preoperative diagnoses were primary patellofemoral arthrosis in 17 cases and secondary arthrosis in 9 (8 malalignment, 1 patellar fracture). Patellectomy was later performed for persistent pain or patellar malalignment in 3 cases and a conversion to a total knee arthroplasty for progressive tibio-femoral degeneration or patella malalignment in 2. The mean Knee Society knee score for 21 knees at follow-up was 90 (65-100) points. The patients rated the results of surgery in 9 knees as excellent, 7 good, 4 improved, and 1 unimproved at follow-up. None of the implants showed signs of loosening or infection. The Richards type II patellofemoral arthroplasty yields acceptable long-term results in patients with isolated end-stage patellofemoral osteoarthrosis. Patient selection and patella alignment are important.     

诊断不明膝关节交锁症的病因探讨和疗效观察

目的　探讨诊断不明膝关节交锁症的病因、症状特点 ,经关节镜治疗后的临床疗效。　方法　对 4 7例膝关节不明原因交锁的病例均施行关节镜检查。镜下发现的病变 :34例滑膜疾病、4例Hof fa病、9例髌股关节排列异常 ,滑膜疾病镜下刨削切除滑膜皱襞、增生肥厚的滑膜团块及滑膜瘤样病变 ,Hoffa病镜下部分切除髌下脂肪垫 ,髌骨半脱位行髌骨外侧支持带松解、胫骨结节前内侧移位。　结果　平均随访 1年 ,全部病例术后交锁症状消失 ,4 6例膝关节疼痛完全消失或明显缓解 ,术前存在膝关节功能障碍的大多数病例术后恢复或接近正常。　结论　诊断不明膝关节交锁症的原因较多 ,其主要病因是滑膜疾病、Haffa病、髌股关节排列异常。关节镜术是一个重要的诊断和治疗手段 ,并可获得满意的临床效果。     

单隧道异体肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带治疗髌骨不稳——12例临床报告

目的探讨单隧道同种异体肌腱移植重建内侧髌股韧带（MPFL）治疗髌骨不稳的手术技巧及临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2010年6月至2012年1月广州军区广州总医院采用膝关节镜监视下单隧道异体肌腱移植重建MPFL的12例（15膝）髌骨不稳患者的临床资料,评估患者术前和末次随访时Kujala评分、Lysholm评分等指标。结果术后随访时间3～21个月（平均12.3个月）。患者术前和末次随访时Kujala评分为（71.5±5.1）分和（93.2±2.4）分,两者比较,差异有统计学意义（t=-12.659,P=0.004）;Lysholm评分为（70.2±6.0）分和（94.4±1.8）分,两者比较,差异有统计学意义（t=-12.286,P=0.013）。结论膝关节镜监视下单隧道同种异体肌腱移植重建MPFL是一种治疗髌骨不稳的有效方法,对维持髌骨稳定有重要作用,但远期效果需进一步观察。