乌达矿区煤自燃预测标志气体研究

为遴选预测煤自燃进程的标志气体,采集了乌达矿区6个具有代表性的煤样．在实验室开展煤升温氧化气体产物的测定实验,主要测试了煤样在升温氧化条件下各种气体组分的发生量．根据各种气体组分的发生量及最低检测温度,确定了乌达矿区煤自燃预测预报的标志气体,为该矿区煤自燃火灾的预测预报提供了实验依据,对矿区的安全生产具有较好的指导作用．     

高硫自燃煤层低温氧化气体衍生规律研究

煤炭氧化后,随着氧化进程的不同将依次释放出各种气体,这些气体的出现及释放量能准确反映煤炭氧化自燃程度.利用煤氧化升温实验装置,研究了王台矿15号煤层煤自燃氧化特性,以及自燃升温过程中产生氧化气体和碳氢类气体随温度的变化规律.确定了15号煤自燃指标气体,并进行了详细分析,所得结果能够指导煤自燃的早期预测预报与防治工作.     

不同煤种自燃指标气体优化研究

为研究不同煤种的自燃指标气体变化规律,提高煤早期自燃预测预报的准确度,采用氧化升温试验系统,运用灰色关联分析方法,重点将5种煤样生成的自燃指标气体与温度的相关性进行分析。结果表明:随着温度升高,多数煤样在氧化升温过程中产生的CO,C_2H_4,C_2H_6气体体积分数呈曲线上升趋势;随着变质程度加深,煤在氧化升温过程中产生的自燃指标气体(CO,C_2H_4)体积分数随之降低,气体出现的温度点也随之升高,C_2H_6的情况则正好相反;变质程度最深的无烟煤最优自燃指标气体为CO,变质程度最浅的褐煤首选自燃指标气体为烷烯比,其余煤样的最优自燃指标气体为C_2H_6。研究结果将对矿井火灾预防起到指导作用。     

煤升温氧化过程中气体解析规律研究

为了防止煤炭自燃,深入了解煤在升温氧化过程中气体的释放规律,利用煤升温氧化实验系统,对太原组和山西组煤进行了升温氧化实验.结果表明,太原组和山西组煤在升温氧化过程中,不同气体有不同的释放临界温度和速率,20～160℃为煤的缓慢氧化阶段,从煤中缓慢释放出被吸附的C1气体CO,CO2,CH4和C2～C3的烯烃C2H4,C3H6等;160～210℃为煤的快速氧化阶段,从煤中释放出较大量的C2～C4的烷烃C2H6,C3H8和C4H10等,烃的体积分数以指数速率增加;210～280℃为煤的急速氧化阶段,上述C1～C4气体的体积分数几乎以直线关系急剧增加.不同类型的煤在不同的氧化阶段具有不同的氧化特征,可选择不同的气体作为预测煤自燃特性的标志气体.     

粒径对煤氧化升温进程影响的试验研究

为研究粒径对煤氧化升温进程的影响,利用程序升温试验系统,分析潞安集团李阳煤矿15号煤层5种不同粒径煤样氧化升温进程中O_2,CO,C_2H_4等气体的生成规律,并计算了不同粒径煤样的耗氧速率和CO,CO_2,C_2H_4气体的产生速率以及煤自燃倾向性判定指数。结果表明:该煤层自燃临界温度约80℃,干裂温度约135℃,气体产生速率临界温度约160℃;从试验初期到干裂温度段,各煤样气体生成总量变化不大,超过干裂温度后,气体生成量变化幅度增大;煤样在超过气体产生速率临界温度后,各气体的产生速率开始有较大幅度增加,且粒径越小的煤样气体产生速率的变化幅度越大;随着煤样粒径的减小,煤样和O_2反应面积增大,交叉点温度相应降低,煤样粒径对煤自燃倾向性有明显影响。     

煤自燃倾向性的氧化动力学测定方法研究

通过煤自燃过程中的绝热氧化升温速率、耗氧量、交叉点温度的综合分析研究,指出以煤自燃某一阶段的单一特征参数无法体现煤自燃过程的整体特性,提出了煤自燃倾向性的氧化动力学测定方法.该方法在测试程序升温条件下煤样温度70℃时煤样罐出气口氧气浓度和之后的交叉点温度的基础上,得出煤自燃倾向性的氧化动力学综合判定指数,根据该指数的大小判定煤自燃倾向性的强弱.对不同煤种的综合判定指数与绝热氧化、30℃物理吸氧量对比分析,结果表明氧化动力学综合判定指数更能够反映煤自燃的难易程度.     

煤粒径对气体产生规律和自燃倾向性影响研究

应用程序升温实验系统,对沙曲煤矿24305和25301两个采煤工作面进行了不同粒径煤样的程序升温实验,研究不同粒径煤样升温氧化过程中O_2、CO、CO_2、CH_4、C_2H_4、C_2H_6和C_3H_8等气体的产生规律,并计算了不同粒径煤样的耗氧速度和自燃倾向性判定指数。研究结果表明,煤样粒径越小,对氧气的吸附能力越强,耗氧量也越大;随煤样温度的上升,不同粒径煤样的耗氧速度和标志气体体积分数均由缓慢增加变为急剧增加,且煤样粒径越小其变化趋势越明显;煤样粒径越小,煤样的临界温度和干裂温度越低,煤的自燃性越强。     

注氮惰化窒息燃烧煤炭氧浓度的实验研究

利用煤炭自燃实验系统,对龙固煤矿7煤煤样的自燃过程进行了模拟实验.实验研究了注氮情况下的煤氧化煤温、自燃状态与氧含量的变化关系,确定了龙固煤矿7煤煤样窒息的最低氧浓度,研究结果对使用注氮防治煤炭自燃技术的应用具有重要的现实指导意义.     

综放面采空区遗煤自燃“三带”范围的预测

以峰峰矿区小屯矿14252综放面为研究对象,通过氧化热解实验测定煤样产生的气体成分;利用自制气体采样系统对采空区气体进行采集和分析,进而划分遗煤自燃"三带"范围。结果表明C2H2可作为该综放面煤炭自燃的预测指标,以C2H2浓度划分的采空区遗煤自燃"三带"范围为:散热带0~30m,自燃带30~127m,窒息带大于127m。     

立体瓦斯抽采条件下煤自燃预测预报标志气体的优化选择

结合义马煤业集团耿村煤矿工作面立体瓦斯抽采的实际情况,通过低温氧化试验,参照标志气体优选原则,确定CO,C2H4作为主要标志气体指标,C2H6作为辅助指标,并定量出采空区CO体积分数的临界值,建立了耿村矿23号煤层自燃预测预报标志气体体系.同时为克服采空区气体抽样的困难,推导出高抽巷气体成分与采空区气体成分间的关系,利用高抽巷的气体成分预测采空区浮煤的自然发火.     

Law of gas production during coal heating oxidation

Coal spontaneous combustion is a great threat to mine safety, and gas is the key index to describe coal spontaneous combustion. Taking the coal samples of different kinds of coal as research object, the temperature programmed oxidation experiment was carried out, and the gases produced by coal samples at different temperatures were collected and analyzed by gas chromatography. This research studied the variation characteristics of gas species and gas concentrations in different coal samples during heating oxidation. The experimental results show that different coal samples produce different kinds of gases in the process of heating and oxidation. The order of gas production is CO, C_2H_6, C_2H_4, C_3H_8, and the relationship between gas production and temperature is approximately exponential. With the increase of coal metamorphic degree, the turning point temperature of sharp rise in coal sample gas production rate become higher, the oxidation ability of coal sample decreases, and the quantity of gas production decreases during the same time period.     

Method for prevention and control of spontaneous combustion of coal seam and its application in mining field

Spontaneous combustion of coal seam has been and continues to be a big problem in coal mines. It could pose great threat to the safety of the whole mine and all miners, especially when it occurs in or nearby coal mines. Besides, environment of area surrounded mines during combustion can be threatened where large amount of toxic gases including CO_2, CO, SO_2 and H_2S can be leased by fire in mine. Hence, it is important and significant for scholars to study the controlling and preventing of the coal seam fire. In this paper, the complicated reasons for the occurrence and development of spontaneous combustion in coal seam are analysed and different models under various air leakage situations are built as well. Based on the model and approximately calculation, the difficulty of fire extinguishment in coal seam is pointed out as the difficulty and poor effect to remove the large amount of heat released. Detailed measurements about backfilling and case analyses are also provided on the basis of the recent ten years' practice of controlling spontaneous combustion in coal seams in China. A technical fire prevention and control method has been concluded as five steps including detection, prevention, sealing, injection and pressure adjustment. However, various backfill materials require different application and environmental factors, so in this paper, analyses and discussion about the effect and engineering application of prevention of spontaneous combustion are provided according to different backfilling technologies and methods. Once the aforementioned fire prevention can be widely applied and regulated in mines, green mining will be achievable concerning mine fire prevention and control.     

Critical Value of CO of Forecasting Coal Spontaneous Combustion

CO has been used widely in the production process of colliery as an index gas to predict spontaneous combustion of coal. But in some collieries there are CO gas in the upper corner of the face all the times, sometime CO gas even exceeds the regulated critical index. This phenomenon is much more obvious in the fully-mechanized longwall face and fully-mechanized long, wall and top-coal caving face. Ahhough many measures of fire-proof and fire-extinguishing have been adopted, the flowing amount of CO gas can be only decreasd, but can not be eliminated completely. Using the different kinds of coal, the experiment of coal oxidation was made at the low temperature. The experiment indicates that some kinds of coal can produce CO under the condition of normal temperature oxidation, sometime the CO consistency is very high, and the intension of CO can be decreased with oxidation time prolonging. Selecting rational critical value of CO is the kev to predicting spontaneous combustion of coal correctly and reliably. The problem of selecting retional critical value of CO was studied. Finally, the amount of CO gas released by different kinds of coal was obtained under normal temperature condition.     

预报煤炭自燃的CO指标气体临界值研究

CO气体作为预报煤炭自燃的指标气体在煤矿中已被广泛使用,但有些矿井回采面上隅角始终存在CO气体,甚至超出矿业安全规定的临界指标,特别是在综采或综放工作面这一现象更明显,尽管采取多种防灭火措施,只能使CO气体涌出量减少而不能消除CO的产生,为了解其原因,在实验室做了不同煤种低温氧化实验,通过实验发现有些煤种在常温氧化条件下就会出现CO气体,甚至出现的CO量还很大,且随着煤的氧化时间的延长,产生CO气体强度在降低。为了及时准确、可靠预报煤炭自然发火,合理选择CO指标气体临界值是关键。利用多阀气相色谱仪检测常温条件下不同煤种氧化放出的CO气体量,对合理的CO指标气体的临界值进行了研究,确定不同情况下CO的临界值。     

A review of research on spontaneous combustion of coal

Coal oxidation at low temperatures is the heat source liable for the self-heating and spontaneous combustion of coal. This phenomenon has imposed severe problems in coal related industries. Attempts to understand this phenomenon by previous researchers have provided significant progress. It is wellknown that coal oxidation at low temperatures involves oxygen consumption and formation of gaseous and solid oxidation products. This process is majorly influenced by temperature, oxidation history of coal,coal properties, particle size distribution of the coal, etc. The current understanding of the phenomenon of self-heating and spontaneous combustion of coal is discussed along with the different experimental and numerical models established to predict self-heating characteristics of coal. This paper focuses on the global position of the study carried out by academics, research institutes and industries on spontaneous combustion of coal and coal mine fires. Within this framework, the generally used spontaneous combustion techniques to predict the spontaneous combustion liability of coal were evaluated. These techniques are well-known in their usage, but no specific method has become a standard to predict the spontaneous combustion liability. Further study is still needed to indicate a number of impending issues and to obtain a more complete understanding on the phenomenon.     

Study on primal CO gas generation and emission of coal seam

The main method of casting coal spontaneous combustion is prediction of index gases, with carbon monoxide(CO) commonly used as an index gas. However, coal spontaneous combustion is not the sole source of CO evolution; primal CO is generated through coalification, which can lead to forecasting mistakes. Through theoretical analysis, primal CO generation and emission from coal seams was determined.In this study, six coal samples were analyzed under six different experimental conditions. The results demonstrated the change in coal seam primal gas and concentration as functions of time, different coal samples, occurrence, various gas types and composition concentration, which are in agreement with the previous study on primal CO generation. Air charging impacts on primal gas emission. Analysis of the experimental data with SPSS demonstrates that the relationship between primal CO concentration and time shows a power exponent distribution.     

煤炭自燃自由基反应的电子自旋共振实验研究

基于煤炭自燃的自由基作用机理，采用电子自旋共振（ESR）测谱仪，测定煤体在破碎和低温氧化过程中的自由基朗德因子，浓度，线宽和线高．实验以张集矿肥煤和白芨沟矿无烟煤为研究对象，分析了煤在4种粒径范围内ESR参数的变化情况和煤炭低温氧化过程中ESR参数随氧化温度、氧化时间的变化情况．结果表明：煤自由基因子在2．002～2．003之间，变化不大，张集矿肥煤的因子值稍大于白芨沟无烟煤；煤体粒径越小、氧化温度越高、氧化时间越长，煤自由基浓度越大；线高的变化趋势与自由基浓度变化趋势基本一致；线宽的变化趋势呈分散性．     

煤炭自燃的自由基反应机理

用自由基反应机理阐明了煤炭自燃机理，论述了煤中自由基产生的原因、自由基反应历程、煤氧化过程中逸出的气体成份。最后，用该机理对常见的几种煤炭自燃现象进行了解释。     

自燃采空区注氮过程标志性气体分布特征研究

在高瓦斯自燃煤层采空区采取高抽加尾巷排放瓦斯的立体抽放方式时,为避免采空区发生自燃,对采空区进行注N2防火．以华晋焦煤有限责任公司沙曲矿15201工作面为例,在确定采空区自燃三带划分标准的基础上,通过埋管测试方法,研究采空区注N2前后采空区N2和O2分布状态,以及采空区N2运移规律．结果表明,注N2后,注入N2与采空区原有气体混合,气体在采空区漏风压与注N2压力共同作用下运移．N2影响区内O2体积分数下降,氧化带范围缩小,降低了工作面自燃的危险程度．为工作面优化注N2参数和提高注N2防灭火效果提供了参考．