利用转炉焚烧可燃物工业垃圾机制创新与治理

随着全民环保意识增强，国家对环保越来越重视，福建泉州闽光钢铁有限责任公司积极研究探讨企业工业垃圾处置路径，利用转炉焚烧处理企业可燃物工业垃圾。这对于回收资源和减轻社会负担、降低环境风险具有重要的意义。其具有污染小、无害化彻底、烟气粉尘排放浓度低于国家排放标准等优势，减少了二噁英前体物的生成，有效遏止了二噁英类有毒物质的产生和排放，符合垃圾处理无害化、减量化和资源化处理原则。     

钢铁工业烧结过程二噁英的产生机理与减排研究进展

 铁矿石烧结是目前一个重要的二噁英（PCDD/ Fs）产生工业源,烧结过程二噁英的生成机理复杂,主要由前驱体化合物经有机化合反应生成和碳、氢、氧和氯等元素通过“从头合成”生成,其中以“从头合成”为主,二噁英在烧结机上不仅在干燥带中产生,而且在燃烧带和烧结带的排烟道中也产生。烧结过程二噁英的减排主要方法分为源头控制、过程与操作控制以及末端治理3种,源头控制是烧结过程抑制二噁英产生的最佳选择,现行工艺往往选择末端治理。烧结烟气成分复杂,单一的二噁英减排技术减排幅度未必奏效,而且投资比较大。针对烧结工序的技术特点和烧结烟气的特征,烧结污染物协同减排是烧结工序节能减排的最佳途径,如烧结烟气循环不但可以减少二噁英产生,还可以同时减少[NOx]和粉尘量的排放,这是今后烧结协同减排发展的一个方向。     

烧结及炼钢生产过程二噁英类污染物控制技术及排放现状

结合二噁英类污染物的生成机理及烧结、炼钢烟气中二噁英的生成途径,阐述了烧结机及电弧炉烟气二噁英减排技术、排放现状。舞钢公司根据现场实际生产情况,通过二噁英控制技术应用,从原料筛选、生产过程控制二噁英的产生和排放,并取得了一定成效。2013-2019年的监测数据显示,烧结机头和电弧炉烟气中二噁英浓度范围均满足国家及地方标准限值要求。     

电炉炼钢中二噁英的排放现状及减排措施

随着国家对环境保护要求的愈加严格,电炉炼钢过程中二噁英的排放问题也逐渐引起关注。从我国二噁英的排放现状出发,系统探讨了电炉炼钢中二噁英的生成机理,并重点介绍了国内外电炉炼钢过程中二噁英减排的相关措施。     

电炉炼钢中二噁英的排放现状及减排措施

随着国家对环境保护要求的愈加严格,电炉炼钢过程中二噁英的排放问题也逐渐引起关注。从我国二噁英的排放现状出发,系统探讨了电炉炼钢中二噁英的生成机理,并重点介绍了国内外电炉炼钢过程中二噁英减排的相关措施。     

除尘灰水洗对烟气颗粒物组成和二噁英的影响

为研究除尘灰配入烧结对烟气颗粒物组成和二噁英的影响,利用水洗方式对烧结除尘灰进行除杂改性,然后采用烧结杯测定改性前后配入对烧结矿性能的影响,并通过撞击式颗粒物采样器和二噁英采样器对烟气污染物进行采样分析,研究改性前后配入烧结对颗粒物组成碱金属和重金属含量以及烟气二噁英和前驱体物质排放量的影响.结果表明:烧结除尘灰中的K和Cl在水洗除杂改性过程中被有效去除,除杂后的除尘灰配加烧结有助于改善烧结矿粒度组成、减少烟气颗粒物和二噁英排放浓度;K组成在烧结颗粒物排放中占有较高比例,远高于金属Na、Pb和Zn的含量,且在粒度较细的细颗粒物中占比更高,水洗除杂后配入烧结可显著降低烧结配料中的K组成,使得烟气排放的K组成显著降低,进一步降低颗粒物的排放浓度,其中又以1.10~2.10 μm粒度范围的颗粒物和K组成的减排比例最高;烧结原料Cl组成和烧结过程中的有机前驱体氯苯、多氯联苯是烟气二噁英生成的重要诱因,除尘灰水洗在降低Cl组成的同时也显著降低烟气前驱体多氯联苯排放量达40%,有利于降低烟气中二噁英的排放浓度.      

RDF(垃圾衍生燃料)发电技术应用研究

垃圾衍生燃料(RDF)发电技术为垃圾能源化的一项新突破,正成为垃圾利用领域新的生长点。本文着重讲述RDF发电技术的研究方法、工艺与技术路线、技术关键、可行性等方面进行探讨。对垃圾进行预处理制成RDF,能有效降低燃烧过程中二噁英的生成量,减少污染物排放对环境的污染。由此可见,RDF发电从环保考虑RDF发电是今后发展的方向。     

原料铜和氯元素对二噁英排放的影响及抑制技术

 对烧结原料中铜、氯元素对二噁英排放浓度的影响进行了研究。结果表明,烧结原料中铜、氯元素质量分数明显影响烟气中二噁英排放浓度。和基准试验相比,原料中铜质量分数由0.02%提高到0.04%,二噁英排放浓度(TEQ)由0.55提高到0.69 ng/m3;原料中氯质量分数由0.04%提高到0.06%,二噁英排放浓度(TEQ)由0.55提高到0.82 ng/m3。在烧结原料中添加少量的尿素可以显著降低二噁英排放浓度,尿素添加量为0.035%,在上述条件下,二噁英排放浓度均可降低65%以上。     

烧结烟气与垃圾焚烧控制二恶英的技术对比

钢铁企业中烧结烟气与垃圾焚烧是二恶英最主要的排放源。对比了烧结过程与垃圾焚烧中二恶英的生成机制;分别从添加抑制剂、优化工艺及烟气处理三个方面对两者的二恶英控制技术进行了论述和对比, 提出彻底解决二恶英污染问题需要在烟气排放过程中实现,建议烧结烟气控制二恶英借鉴垃圾焚烧SCR技术,垃圾焚烧控制二恶英采用烧结烟气的移动床活性炭脱硫技术。     

烧结过程二噁英减排技术研究与工业试验

在完成烧结混合料中各组分氯元素分析的基础上,通过工业试验,分别对降低氯源以及阻滞生成这两种烧结过程中的二噁英减排技术进行了验证。工业试验的二噁英减排效果优于烧结锅试验,但规律一致。以尿素为阻滞剂时,二噁英减排效果显著,但存在最优配比。当尿素添加配比达到0.02%时,减排效果最佳,可达79%;降低氯源也具有明显的二噁英减排作用,减排率可达69.49%;同时采取两种技术,减排效果更加显著,减排率达92.23%,脱硫前烟气中二噁英浓度降至0.2421 ng TEQ/m^3,已可满足最终排放废气中二噁英的排放标准。     

Characterization of rice endo-beta-glucanase genes (Gns2-Gns14) defines a new subgroup within the gene family

Because of its importance to cell function, the free-energy metabolism of the living cell is subtly and homeostatically controlled. Metabolic control analysis enables a quantitative determination of what controls the relevant fluxes. However, the original metabolic control analysis was developed for idealized metabolic systems, which were assumed to lack enzyme-enzyme association and direct metabolite transfer between enzymes (channelling). We here review the recently developed molecular control analysis, which makes it possible to study non-ideal (channelled, organized) systems quantitatively in terms of what controls the fluxes, concentrations, and transit times. We show that in real, non-ideal pathways, the central control laws, such as the summation theorem for flux control, are richer than in ideal systems: the sum of the control of the enzymes participating in a non-ideal pathway may well exceed one (the number expected in the ideal pathways), but may also drop to values below one. Precise expressions indicate how total control is determined by non-ideal phenomena such as ternary complex formation (two enzymes, one metabolite), and enzyme sequestration. The bacterial phosphotransferase system (PTS), which catalyses the uptake and concomitant phosphorylation of glucose (and also regulates catabolite repression) is analyzed as an experimental example of a non-ideal pathway. Here, the phosphoryl group is channelled between enzymes, which could increase the sum of the enzyme control coefficients to two, whereas the formation of ternary complexes could decrease the sum of the enzyme control coefficients to below one. Experimental studies have recently confirmed this identification, as well as theoretically predicted values for the total control. Macromolecular crowding was shown to be a major candidate for the factor that modulates the non-ideal behaviour of the PTS pathway and the sum of the enzyme control coefficients.     

Visceral pain: responses of the reticular formation neurons to gallbladder distension

Visceral projection (gallbladder distension) to the gigantocellular nucleus of the reticular formation of the cat was tested in neurons classified as pain (P), nonpain-pain (NP-P) and nonpain (NP) units, according to their responses to noxious and/or innocuous natural stimuli from the somatic areas. 96% of P neurons (23 out of 24) responded to gallbladder distension. Quantitative criteria showed comparable effectiveness of the somatic and visceral inputs. NP-P neurons reacted to the gallbladder stimulation in 71% of cases (22 out of 31); NP neurons were activated less effectively. Stimulation of either the central tegmental field or "nonspecific" thalamic nuclei evoked direct responses in 38% of P and 26% of NP-P units, which, in most of the P neurons were followed by excitatory and inhibitory phases. The duration of the latter was approximately one second and it greatly affected the responses of the units to somatic as well as to visceral inputs. A large proportion of P neurons responding to a visceral input documents the important role of the reticular formation in the mechanisms of visceral pain. Findings concerning comparable modifying influences upon reactions of P units both in the case of visceral and painful somatic afferentation indicated that similar control mechanisms could be involved.     

A comparison of the results of KTP and CO2 laser stapedotomy

Allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is associated with a severe complication induced by the T-cells present in the graft: graft-vs-host disease (GVHD). While effectively preventing GVHD, ex vivo T-lymphocyte depletion of the graft unfortunately increases graft rejection and reduces the graft-vs-leukemia (GVL) effect. The ex vivo transfer to the herpes simplex thymidine kinase (HS-tk) suicide gene into T-cells before their infusion with the hematopoietic stem cells should allow for selective in vivo depletion of these T-cells with ganciclovir (GCV) if subsequent GVHD was to occur. In patients not experiencing GVHD, and therefore at a higher risk of relapse, one could preserve the beneficial effects of the donor T-cells on tumor control. Lastly, the early presence of donor T-cells in all patients should contribute to successful engraftment. We have demonstrated that retroviral-mediated transfer of HS-tk and Neomycine resistance genes in T-lymphocytes, followed by G418 selection, results in T-cells specifically inhibited by GCV with no bystander effect. In a phase I study, escalating amounts of HS-tk expressing T-cells will be infused in conjunction with a T-cell depleted marrow graft to allogenic HLA identical recipients. Toxicity, survival, alloreactivity and GCV-sensitivity of the gene-modified cells will be monitored. If successful, such an approach could significantly contribute to expanding the use of alloreactivity as a treatment modality.     

多智能体网络编队避障控制

多智能体网络编队与避障控制旨在控制智能体,使它们保持一定的编队,同时躲避障碍物防止发生碰撞.通过建立与目标、障碍物和编队结构相关的势场函数,设计一种新的控制算法.为解决智能体在动态环境中不能有效躲避障碍物问题,建立一种速度势场,使智能体能很快地躲避动态障碍物.该算法具有易于实现的优点,因为控制是建立在智能体行为的基础上.仿真表明此方法具有有效性.     

Bovine posterior pituitary: presence of p65 (synaptotagmin), PC1, PC2 and secretoneurin in large dense core vesicles

Essential oils from common spices such as nutmeg, ginger, cardamom, celery, xanthoxylum, black pepper, cumin, and coriander were tested for their ability to suppress the formation of DNA adducts by aflatoxin B1 in vitro in a microsomal enzyme-mediated reaction. All oils were found to inhibit adduct formation very significantly and in a dose-dependent manner. The adduct formation appeared to be modulated through the action on microsomal enzymes, because an effective inhibition on the formation of activated metabolite was observed with each oil. The enzymatic modulation is perhaps due to the chemical constituents of the oils, and this could form a basis for their potential anticarcinogenic roles.     

Antithrombotic potency of hirudin is increased in nonhuman primates by fibrin targeting

BACKGROUND: Inhibition of thrombin by either the indirect thrombin inhibitor heparin or by more potent direct thrombin inhibitors such as hirudin reduces thrombus formation after arterial injury. The present study was designed to determine if a fibrin-specific thrombin inhibitor could, by local thrombin inhibition, prevent thrombosis more effectively. METHODS AND RESULTS: We first studied antithrombotic potency in vitro, comparing fibrin-targeted hirudin (recombinant hirudin covalently linked to the Fab' fragment of the anti-fibrin monoclonal antibody 59D8) to recombinant hirudin in baboon plasma. Fibrin-targeted hirudin was nine times more effective than recombinant hirudin in inhibiting fibrin deposition on experimental clot surfaces in baboon plasma (P < .01). The potency of fibrin-targeted hirudin was then compared with that of recombinant hirudin in a baboon model of thrombus formation. 111In-labeled platelet deposition was measured in a synthetic graft segment of an extracorporeal arteriovenous shunt in control animals and in animals receiving either fibrin-targeted hirudin or hirudin. In these experiments, fibrin-targeted hirudin was 10-fold more potent than hirudin in inhibiting platelet deposition and thrombus formation (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that targeting a thrombin inhibitors such as hirudin to an epitope present in thrombi results in increased antithrombotic potency.     

粗（金属）砷真空蒸馏预提纯实验研究

针对含锑粗砷,计算了粗砷中各元素饱和蒸气压,计算结果表明：10-15 Pa、573-773 K条件下,真空蒸馏可以有效地分离粗砷中Fe、Mg、Zn、Pb、Cr、Sb等高于As沸点的金属元素以及沸点明显低于As的以Sx形式存在的S。同时,研究了一次真空蒸馏粗砷、铅-砷合金真空蒸馏粗砷工艺对粗砷中Sb、Bi、S等主要杂质元素的脱除效果。     

Catabolism of the human erythrocyte C3b/C4b receptor (CR1, CD35): vesiculation and/or proteolysis?

Human erythrocytes (E) react by exocytosis of membrane vesicles to various stresses including the fixation of the membrane attack complex of Complement. E from normal individuals loose a notable proportion of their initial number of surface CR1 molecules during the ageing process. An acquired decrease of CR1 on E also occurs in pathological conditions such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus or AIDS. The present study investigated whether calcium ionophore A23187 (Ca-ion) induced vesicle formation of human E in vitro is responsible for a preferential loss of CR1 as well as whether CR1 molecules at the surface of Ca-ion treated E or vesicles are: (i) functional, (ii) native or protease degraded, or (iii) more clustered than CR1 on native E. A study of E from 137 normal individuals showed that a one-hour Ca-ion induced vesicle formation preferentially removed one third of E surface CR1. Kinetic experiments suggested that all surface CR1 could be removed from E upon longer incubation times. CR1 molecules on vesicles were still able to inhibit Complement activation, and were found in larger clusters than on native E. These data suggest that a significant part of surface CR1 molecules may be removed from E by vesicle formation during the life of E in normal individuals. This phenomenon could be exacerbated in pathological conditions.     

多机器人编队控制研究进展

首先介绍了传统的编队控制方法的定义、特点和常用方法及优缺点，并将传统编队控制时代定义为前编队控制时代.随着多智能体技术的发展，将多智能体技术引入到编队控制问题中，诞生了众多新的研究成果，称为后编队控制时代.后编队控制时代以多智能体技术为基础，随着通信技术、计算机技术、人工智能技术的发展而逐渐壮大起来，并受到了学者的广泛关注.前编队控制时代强调多机器人通过编队协作完成单个机器人无法实现的任务，提高任务完成效率且缩短任务完成时间.后编队控制时代则是在前编队控制时代的基础上，更强调低成本、同步性和协同性，但却不那么重视每个个体的任务分工，甚至是按照规则自由分配任务，不再有"不可替代"的个体存在.最后给出了研究编队控制问题的基本思路和目前尚待解决的关键问题.      

100 t转炉冶炼钒钛铁水高效脱磷机理分析与生产实践

基于转炉出钢过程回磷机理分析与控制措施,通过现场取样、数据采集、模拟试验及利用FactSage软件分析了转炉冶炼过程脱磷机理,研究探讨了渣中FeO含量、TiO2含量、SiO2含量、终点温度、熔渣碱度、底吹搅拌对脱磷的影响.研究结果表明,结合首钢水城钢铁集团公司生产实践,控制终点温度在1630～1645℃、终渣FeO质量...