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1.
目的研究环酯红霉素纳米晶肺部给药的药动学,考察其肺部给药特点。方法建立液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)法检测环酯红霉素血药浓度,并进行专属性、精密度、准确度和稳定性、提取回收率考察;SD大鼠随机分为3组,分别以15 mg/kg iv环酯红霉素注射液、肺部喷雾给予环酯红霉素原料药和环酯红霉素纳米混悬液,于给药后0.033、0.083、0.167、0.25、0.5、0.75、1、1.5、2、3、4、6、8 h眼眶取血,检测大鼠血浆中环酯红霉素的含量,评价纳米晶对环酯红霉素肺部给药药动学、生物利用度的影响。结果色谱柱为ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 1.8 μm(100 mm×2.1 mm);流动相为5 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液(0.02%甲酸)-甲醇(0.02%甲酸)(85:15);体积流量0.3 mL/min;采用电喷雾离子源(ESI),正离子模式多反应监测(MRM),建立的LC-MS/MS分析方法符合方法学要求。环酯红霉素以15 mg/kg iv给药后,达峰时间为0.03 h,Cmax为(2 148.22±448.5) ng/mL,AUC0-t为(660.21±96.47) h·μg/mL。环酯红霉素原料药肺部给药后,达峰时间为0.09 h,与iv给药相当,而Cmax(231.54±177.19) ng/mL和0-t 29.37±27.08) h·μg/mL较iv组显著降低(P<0.05),其绝对生物利用度仅为3.72%。纳米晶肺部给药后,达峰时间为0.14 h,与原料药iv给药相比显著延长(P<0.05);纳米晶肺部给药的Cmax为(1 958.34±1 209.41) ng/mL,AUC0-t为(773.11±473.49) h·μg/mL,均与iv给药相当,而显著高于原料药肺部给药(P<0.05);其绝对生物利用度为117.10%。结论大鼠肺部给药环酯红霉素纳米晶后可明显提高环酯红霉素的生物利用度,提示纳米晶用于肺部制剂的可行性。  相似文献   

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目的 考察阿哌沙班大鼠体内药动学并评价其与药效学的相关性。方法 采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)测定不同时间阿哌沙班血药浓度并绘制血药浓度-时间曲线,同时测定各时间点凝血酶原时间(PT)延长倍数并绘制药效-时间曲线,对药动及药效进行相关性分析。结果 阿哌沙班以2 mg/kg剂量iv给予大鼠,血药浓度时间曲线下面积(AUC0-∞)、半衰期(t1/2z)分别为(4 016.07±1 160.46)μg·h/L、(2.95±1.59)h;以10 mg/kg剂量ig给药,AUC0-∞t1/2z、峰浓度(Cmax)、达峰时间(tmax)、生物利用度(F)分别为(17 973.48±3 145.30)μg·h/L、(1.52±0.36)h、(4 949.12±615.38)μg/L、(1.00±0.71)h、89.5%。阿哌沙班以10 mg/kg剂量ig给药后0.5~2.0 h可显著延长PT,以各时间点PT延长倍数对血药浓度作图呈良好的线性关系。结论 阿哌沙班大鼠ig给药F高,吸收迅速,延长PT的效应与血药浓度呈现良好的相关性。  相似文献   

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目的 建立HPLC-MS/MS法以测定大鼠血浆中盐酸维拉帕米的血药浓度,并考察其药动学特征。方法 采用ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,3.5 μm),流动相为A相0.1%甲酸水,B相乙腈,梯度洗脱;体积流量为0.3 mL/min,柱温为30℃,进样量为5 μL。离子源为电喷雾离子源(ESI),以多反应离子监测(MRM)进行正离子检测。盐酸维拉帕米监测离子对为m/z 455.3→m/z 165.0,内标地西泮监测离子对为m/z 285.0→m/z 154.1。6只SD大鼠在ig盐酸维拉帕米33.33 mg/kg后,对其进行药动学的研究。结果 盐酸维拉帕米在5~2 000 ng/mL显示线性关系良好;日内日间精密度(RSD)为1.3%~2.0%,准确度(RE)范围为0.1%~18.0%;提取回收率是90.87%~92.42%,基质效应为82.82%~101.99%。盐酸维拉帕米在大鼠体内主要药动学参数Cmaxtmaxt1/2、Ke、AUC(0-tn)和AUC(0-∞)分别为(922.1±300.4)ng/mL、(0.54±0.25)h、(6.46±3.18)h、(0.13±0.05)1/h、(7 634.1±4 436.6)h· ng/mL和(10 548.1±8 024.8)h· ng/mL。结论 该方法灵敏度高、专属性强,适用于测定大鼠血浆中盐酸维拉帕米的血药浓度及其药动学研究。  相似文献   

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目的 建立液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)测定大鼠血浆样品中拉莫三嗪浓度的方法,并进行药动学研究。方法 取12只SD大鼠,假手术组、脑缺血损伤模型组各6只,拉莫三嗪10 mg/kg灌胃,分别于5 min,0.25、0.5、1、2、4、6、8、12、24、36 h眼眶隐静脉丛取血,采用LC-MS/MS法测定其血药浓度,并用DAS软件计算药动学参数。结果 拉莫三嗪的药动学参数属于一级动力学两房室模型,拉莫三嗪在假手术大鼠体内的药动学参数cmax(1382.87±61.17)μg/L,t1/2(40.43±6.77)h,AUC0-∞(123.45±70.70)mg·h/L。全脑缺血损伤模型大鼠中药动学参数cmax(1 713.50±65.11)μg/L,t1/2(73.72±17.46)h,AUC0-∞(188.15±76.37)mg·h/L。结论 本方法适用于大鼠血浆中拉莫三嗪浓度的测定。假手术组和模型组大鼠拉莫三嗪灌胃后均于2 h达到峰值,但模型组拉莫三嗪的t1/2较长,血药浓度较高,可为后期药效学研究提供依据。  相似文献   

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目的 研究杜鹃素在正常大鼠体内的药动学特征。方法 杜鹃素单剂量ig给予大鼠后,采用HPLC法测定给药后不同时间点大鼠血浆中的杜鹃素,通过DAS软件程序模拟计算,得出杜鹃素在大鼠体内相应的药动学参数。结果 杜鹃素在大鼠体内的药动学模型符合二室模型,主要药动学参数为:t1/2α=(0.33±0.10)h,t1/2β=(15.22±8.98)h,CL/F=(14.89±3.45)L/(h?kg),Cmax=(1.61±0.14)mg/L,Tmax=(0.25±0.01)h,MRT(0-t)=(2.35±0.08)h,AUC(0-t)=(3.06±0.16)mg?h/L。结论 本研究建立的HPLC方法专属性强,简便、准确,可用于杜鹃素在大鼠体内的药动学研究;大鼠ig给予杜鹃素后,其在血浆中分布较快,半衰期较短。  相似文献   

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目的 通过给予大鼠伸筋草提取物,探讨其中主要活性成分玉柏碱的药动学特征。方法 利用RP-HPLC法,以Centurysil C18 EPS为色谱柱,甲醇-水(61∶39)为流动相;紫外检测器测定大鼠ig伸筋草提取物后血浆中玉柏碱的血药浓度,计算药动学参数。结果 玉柏碱在大鼠体内呈二室模型分布,线性范围为0.354~14.16 μg/mL,r=0.999 8。日内和日间精密度均小于5%。玉柏碱口服给药后在大鼠体内的主要药动学参数为:t1/2为2.681 h,tmax为0.75 h,Cmax为6.309 mg/L,AUC(0→t) 为16.626 mg/L,AUC(0→∞) 为18.798 mg/L。结论 本方法适用于大鼠血浆中玉柏碱的检测及其体内药动学研究。  相似文献   

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目的 考察香叶木苷在大鼠体内对格列苯脲药动学的影响。方法 12只SD大鼠随机分为香叶木苷组和对照组,分别给予香叶木苷(325 mg·kg-1,ig,qd)和同体积CMC-Na溶液7 d后,灌胃给予格列苯脲,于不同时间点采集血浆样品,测定血药浓度,DAS 2.0计算主要药动学参数,并进行统计学分析。结果 与对照组比,香叶木苷组Cmax显著降低(P<0.05),tmax显著缩短(P<0.05),AUC(0→t和AUC(0→∞)显著减少(P<0.05),CL显著增大(P<0.05),t1/2差异不显著。结论 香叶木苷影响格列苯脲在大鼠体内的药动学过程,临床联合用药中应对格列苯脲的血药浓度进行监测,以避免潜在的药物相互作用风险。  相似文献   

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目的 研究萘普生胆碱离子液体灌胃给药后在大鼠体内的药动学和生物利用度。方法 采取灌胃给药的方式给予大鼠萘普生胆碱离子液体,于给药后不同时间点采集血样,血样经甲醇沉淀蛋白后离心,采用Extend-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),甲醇(A)-0.3%磷酸水溶液(B)(74:26)为流动相,流速为0.8 mL·min–1,检测波长为230 nm,以吲哚美辛为内标液,萘普生为测定对象,分析大鼠体内血浆中萘普生胆碱离子液体的浓度。应用DAS 2.0软件拟合药动学参数。结果 大鼠灌胃给药萘普生混悬剂后t1/2α为5.12 h,t1/2β为10.13 h,Tmax为2 h,Cmax为112.92 mg·L–1,AUC(0-t为1 091.01 mg·L–1·h;大鼠灌胃给药萘普生胆碱离子液体后t1/2α为5.64 h,t1/2β为69.32 h,Tmax为1 h,Cmax为135.97 mg·L–1,AUC(0-t为1 305.79 mg·L–1·h,相对生物利用度为119.686%。结论 大鼠灌胃萘普生胆碱离子液体后,萘普生达峰时间提前,达峰浓度和生物利用度均高于萘普生混悬剂。  相似文献   

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目的 研究银杏内酯滴丸中的主要成分银杏内酯A、B在健康受试者体内的药动学特征,为制定合理的临床给药方案提供依据。方法 采用随机、开放的试验设计,10例健康受试者单次口服银杏内酯滴丸后,按预定时间点采集血样,肝素锂抗凝,离心分离血浆。采用LC-MS/MS法测定血浆样品中银杏内酯A、B的开闭环总质量浓度,以及银杏内酯A、B闭环质量浓度,并应用WinNonlin 6.3软件非房室模型计算药动学参数。结果 健康受试者单次口服银杏内酯滴丸后,银杏内酯A闭环及开闭环总量的tmax分别为(3.05±1.40)、(3.40±1.22)h,Cmax分别为(84.3±32.8)、(92.2±35.0)ng/mL,Cmax比值为91.4%,AUC0t分别为(636±183)、(753±205)ng·h/mL,AUC0t比值为84.5%,t1/2分别为(13.00±10.30)、(12.90±8.49)h;银杏内酯B闭环及开闭环总量的tmax分别为(3.15±1.42)、(3.35±1.25)h,Cmax分别为(74.10±31.50)、(148.00±60.10)ng/mL,Cmax比值为50.1%,AUC0t分别为(627±202)、(1 410±431)ng·h/mL,AUC0t比值为44.5%,t1/2分别为(13.20±5.83)、(13.7±5.83)h。结论 健康受试者口服银杏内酯滴丸后,银杏内酯A、B吸收速率适中,消除速率适中,在人血浆中银杏内酯A主要以闭环形式存在,而银杏内酯B以开、闭环2种形式存在、暴露量相当。  相似文献   

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目的 观察中国健康受试者空腹和高脂高热量饮食情况下口服双嘧达莫片的药动学特征。方法 75名健康受试者分别在空腹或高脂饮食条件下单剂量口服双嘧达莫片25 mg,分别在不同时间点采集静脉血样。采用LC-MS/MS测定人血浆中双嘧达莫的浓度,用PhoenixWinNonlin 8.0软件按非房室模型计算药动学参数。结果 空腹和高脂饮食后双嘧达莫片的主要药动学参数如下:Cmax分别为(594.69±172.14),(333.64±167.18) ng·mL-1,餐后较空腹Cmax降低了43.9%(P<0.01);t1/2分别为(9.87±4.21),(10.57±3.75) h;AUC0-t分别为(1 733.22±715.49),(1 268.61±571.07) ng·mL-1·h,AUC0-∞分别为(1 801.69±707.61),(1 353.64±602.29) ng·mL-1·h,餐后较空腹AUC0-t及AUC0-∞分别降低26.8%,24.9%(P<0.01);Tmax中位数(范围)分别为0.75[0.50,5.00] h和1.50[0.49,4.52] h,餐后服药的Tmax明显延迟(P<0.01)。结论 高脂饮食后服药较空腹条件下服药,Cmax、AUC0-t及AUC0-∞均明显降低,Tmax明显延迟,说明食物对双嘧达莫片的吸收速度、吸收程度均有显著影响。  相似文献   

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The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.  相似文献   

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Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.
Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.
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This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.  相似文献   

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We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.  相似文献   

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In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.  相似文献   

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