油液在线监测系统中的磨粒识别

针对机械设备磨损状态监测要求,构建了基于显微图像分析的油液在线监测系统.根据系统的光路特点,对磨粒图像进行了基于彩色特征的转换,并通过与背景图像的差值处理来快速提取磨粒目标.基于最小二乘支持向量机设计了两类磨粒分类器,并利用粒子群优化算法对最小二乘支持向量机模型中的参数进行了优化选取.在此基础上,根据磨粒识别体系,设计了磨粒综合分类器.最后,利用铁谱分析技术对系统性能和识别效果进行了检验,结果表明,系统的识别精度达到95%以上,满足磨粒在线监测要求.     

支持向量机在油液磨粒在线监测系统中的应用

在发动机油液在线监测系统中,运用支持向量机的方法对油液中的磨粒进行分类识别,并结合运用最近邻法对分类器的训练过程进行优化;其中基于支持向量机的磨粒分类器的输入为磨粒的主轴长度、孔隙率、圆度、角二阶矩、梯度熵和纹理相关性等参数,输出为滑动磨粒、切削磨粒、球状磨粒和疲劳剥块4种磨粒种类;搭建油液在线监测实验平台进行磨粒分类识别实验,结果表明,基于支持向量机的磨粒分类器的分类准确率高达94.7%,并且由于最近邻法的使用分类器的处理速度也提高了30%.     

基于最小二乘支持向量机的电力变压器故障诊断

文章提出使用最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)作为分层决策电力变压器故障诊断模型.首先根据DGA技术以及相关统计分析,选择典型油中故障气体的相对含量作为特征量,然后利用数值预处理后得到的数据样本分别对四级最小支持向量机分类器进行训练和识别,并最后判断输出变压器所处的状态,且针对最小二乘支持向量机存在的参数选择问题,使用了多层动态自适应优化算法来优化最小二乘支持向量机参数.仿真结果表明LS-SVM是一种较为有效的非线性建模方法,具有较快的收敛速度和较高的计算精度,满足电力变压器故障诊断的要求.     

采用SVM的磨粒分类识别方法研究

为克服传统磨粒识别分类器训练时需要大量特征样本的缺点,设计一种基于多元支持向量机(Multi-Support Vector Machine,Multi-SVM)的磨粒识别分类器.支持向量机(SVM)是一种新的机器学习方法,在小样本和高维二元分类方面有非常突出的优点.实验证明,依据此优点设计的多元支持向量机磨粒分类器模型,不仅可以在小样本情形下对模型进行快速训练,而且可以快速识别多种磨粒类型,同时识别率也比传统的神经网络方法有较大提高,从而达到了提高设备监测和故障诊断效率的目的.     

基于分层模糊支持向量机的油液磨粒自动识别

提出基于模糊支持向量机的机械设备在用油液磨粒自动识别方法。首先利用K-均值聚类算法对磨粒图像进行分割,提取磨粒的形状尺寸特征参数、边缘细节特征参数、表面纹理特征参数作为其量化表征,分别选择最能反映待识别磨粒特征的参数作为各个二分类器的输入向量;然后结合二叉树法和一对多法间接构造磨粒的分层多类别分类器模型,在训练过程中同时利用粒子群算法优化分类器的参数,建立一种参数自适应的模糊支持向量机分层多类别分类模型。将该模型应用到旋挖钻机在用油液的磨损颗粒识别中,识别率最高达90%。该模型结构简单、分类精度好,在磨粒识别领域较大的工程应用价值。     

基于离散Curvelet变换和LS-SVM的虹膜特征提取与识别

提出了一种基于离散曲波变换和最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)的虹膜特征提取与分类识别的新方法。对虹膜纹理采用离散Curvelet变换,提取低频子带系数矩阵的均值方差和高频子带能量作为虹膜图像的特征向量,利用最优二叉树多类LS-SVM分类器进行分类与识别。MATLAB仿真实验结果表明,与现有方法相比,该算法识别准确率较高,能有效应用于身份认证系统中。     

LCD—GA—LSSVM集成分类器及其在齿轮故障诊断中的应用研究

针对齿轮故障诊断模式识别问题,在综合局部特征尺度分解、遗传算法及最小二乘支持向量机学习算法各自优点的基础上,提出了一种新的局部特征尺度分解—遗传算法—最小二乘支持向量机(LCD-GA-LSSVM)集成分类器模型。在该模型中,利用局部特征尺度分解算法实现对样本数据的特征选取;最小二乘支持向量机实现样本特征向量与故障模式之间的非线性映射;遗传算法用于实现对最小二乘支持向量机的参数进行优化以使其泛化能力达到最优。经过实验分析与验证,LCD-GA-LSSVM集成分类器对齿轮正常、齿根裂纹、齿面磨损、轮齿折断、局部齿形误差、复合故障等6种运行状态120组测试样本的识别率达到了93.33%。     

基于支持向量机的磨粒铁谱识别系统

提出了一个基于支持向量机的磨粒模式识别系统。该系统先对磨粒的铁谱分析图像进行预处理,然后提取特征参数,最后利用支持向量机对磨粒所属的类型进行分类。     

基于LS-SVM与遗传算法的数控机床热误差辨识温度传感器优化策略

提出一种在数控机床热误差辨识建模过程中,利用最小二乘支持向量机结合遗传算法对温度传感器进行筛选与优化的新方法。对布置在一台数控车床上的温度传感器进行了优化,首先根据热模态理论,对传感器进行分组,利用最小二乘支持向量机方法构建数控机床热误差辨识模型,再根据遗传算法对其进行传感器优化布置。结果表明,遗传算法与最小二乘支持向量机方法的结合,不但很好地避免温度测点的相互影响,保证模型精度,而且节约了硬件成本,提高了辨识建模速度。     

基于支持向量机的铁谱磨粒模式识别

将支持向量机方法用于铁谱磨粒模式识别，以磨粒样本的圆形度、细长度、散射度和凹度4个形态特征量作为支持向量机分类器的输入，以滑动磨损、切削磨损、正常磨损和疲劳点蚀4种磨损形式作为分类器的输出，建立基于支持向量机的磨粒分类器；研究支持向量机中误差惩罚系数和核参数对磨粒分类器的性能影响；通过实验比较了基于支持向量机与基于BP神经网络的磨粒分类器的性能，结果表明，基于支持向量机的磨粒分类器分类准确率为96％，基于BP神经网络的磨粒分类器分类准确率为90％。     

航空发动机油样光谱分析的PSO-LSSVM组合预测方法

油样光谱分析是航空发动机磨损状态监测与故障诊断的重要技术,基于光谱数据的航空发动机状态预测有利于发现航空发动机的早期磨损故障。根据光谱数据特征,选取AR模型、BP神经网络模型以及GM(1,1)预测模型作为基础模型,建立了基于最小二乘支持向量机的组合预测模型,同时,用粒子群算法对LSSVM的正则化参数以及核函数参数进行了优化。最后利用两组实际的航空发动机光谱分析数据对模型进行了验证,与基础模型的对比结果充分表明,提出的带粒子群优化的最小二乘支持向量机(the Least Squares Support Vector Machines with Particle SwarmOptimization-PSO-LSSVM)的非线性变权重组合预测模型具有更好的预测精度。     

基于多特征融合的刀具磨损识别方法

针对刀具磨损监测中多传感器融合监测方法的缺点,提出了基于声发射信号多特征融合与最小二乘支持向量机(lease square support vector machine,简称LS-SVM)相结合的刀具磨损状态监测方法。首先,分别采用经验模态分解法、双谱分析法以及小波包分析法提取采样信号在时域、频域、时-频域内的特征,构造联合多特征向量;然后,利用核主元分析法(kernel principal component analysis,简称KPCA)对联合多特征向量进行融合降维处理,通过提取累积贡献率大于85%的主元,剔除了联合多特征中与刀具磨损相关性较小的冗余特征,生成融合特征;最后,将融合特征送入最小二乘支持向量机,有效地实现了（尤其在小样本下）刀具磨损状态的识别,与神经网络识别方法相比具有更高的识别率。     

Intelligent identification of wear mechanism via on-line ferrograph images

Condition based maintenance（CBM） issues a new challenge of real-time monitoring for machine health maintenance. Wear state monitoring becomes the bottle-neck of CBM due to the lack of on-line information acquiring means. The wear mechanism judgment with characteristic wear debris has been widely adopted in off-line wear analysis; however, on-line wear mechanism characterization remains a big problem. In this paper, the wear mechanism identification via on-line ferrograph images is studied. To obtain isolated wear debris in an on-line ferrograph image, the deposition mechanism of wear debris in on-line ferrograph sensor is studied. The study result shows wear debris chain is the main morphology due to local magnetic field around the deposited wear debris. Accordingly, an improved sampling route for on-line wear debris deposition is designed with focus on the self-adjustment deposition time. As a result, isolated wear debris can be obtained in an on-line image, which facilitates the feature extraction of characteristic wear debris. By referring to the knowledge of analytical ferrograph, four dimensionless morphological features, including equivalent dimension, length-width ratio, shape factor, and contour fractal dimension of characteristic wear debris are extracted for distinguishing four typical wear mechanisms including normal, cutting, fatigue, and severe sliding wear. Furthermore, a feed-forward neural network is adopted to construct an automatic wear mechanism identification model. By training with the samples from analytical ferrograph, the model might identify some typical characteristic wear debris in an on-line ferrograph image. This paper performs a meaningful exploratory for on-line wear mechanism analysis, and the obtained results will provide a feasible way for on-line wear state monitoring.     

Tool wear predictive model based on least squares support vector machines

The development of tool wear monitoring system for machining processes has been well recognised in industry due to the ever-increased demand for product quality and productivity improvement. This paper presents a new tool wear predictive model by combination of least squares support vector machines (LS-SVM) and principal component analysis (PCA) technique. The corresponding tool wear monitoring system is developed based on the platform of PXI and LabVIEW. PCA is firstly proposed to extract features from multiple sensory signals acquired from machining processes. Then, LS-SVM-based tool wear prediction model is constructed by learning correlation between extracted features and actual tool wear. The effectiveness of proposed predictive model and corresponding tool wear monitoring system is demonstrated by experimental results from broaching trials.     

A New On-Line Visual Ferrograph

An on-line visual ferrograph (OLVF) characterized by direct reading and on-line analysis was developed based on magnetic deposition and image analysis. A digital sensor was integrated with a CMOS image sensor to obtain images of deposited wear debris under illumination conditions. An electromagnetic instrument was designed to deposit the wear debris flowing through an oil flow channel. The oil flow channel, fixed on the electromagnet, was arranged parallel to the magnetic flux in the air gap between two electromagnet poles. The deposition effect on wear debris was analyzed theoretically. The result shows that the wear debris in different sizes can be deposited in the same zone by controlling the oil flow rate and magnet field intensity. Corresponding application software for image sampling and processing was developed. An index of relative wear debris concentration, IPCA (Index of Particle Coverage Area), is given as an output in addition to wear debris images. Finally, two kinds of experiments were specified to assess the effect and validity of the OLVF. The results show that the OLVF has effective deposition and identification for both relatively large and small wear debris with rational control parameters. The validity examinations with the commercial particle quantifier (PQ) and direct reading ferrograph (DR) show that the OLVF has an approaching trend to the reference instruments in both heavily and lightly contaminated oil.     

基于支持向量机的综合传动装置磨损状态研究

结合光谱油液分析技术,运用支持向量机对某履带车辆综合传动装置磨损状态进行研究。建立了一种多输出最小二乘支持向量回归算法,并将其应用到综合传动装置的光谱油液分析数据的预测研究中。采用交叉验证方法,讨论了回归算法中参数的选取问题,并将磨损元素预测值与试验值进行了对比分析。结果表明,该方法在较短里程(4000km以内)具有较高的准确率,可以用于综合传动装置磨损状态的预测研究。     

An oil monitoring method of wear evaluation for engine hot tests

Abnormal wear of a piston ring-cylinder liner pair may happen after 9 min hot tests of internal combustion engines, while the engine performance parameters were within predetermined threshold ranges. Few differences were observed among oil samples from the engines with or without abnormal wear in the spectrometric and Kittiwake Analex PQ analysis. Therefore, a manual confirmation by disassembling the oil pan was often required. In this work, an oil monitoring method for wear evaluation of the engines was proposed. The oil samples were rapidly analyzed on site by on-line visual ferrograph (OLVF). For the abnormal engines, it was found that the index of particle coverage area (IPCA), characterizing the wear debris concentration, was low. Moreover, large debris was rarely observed on OLVF ferrograms, which was consistent with the results obtained from analytical ferrography, and the reason was analyzed and discussed. In addition, an on-site abnormal wear evaluation procedure for the 9 min hot tests was proposed based on a trained Naive Bayes Classifier. As observed from the results of 27 engines, 4 abnormal engines were found. Among one of them, longitudinal scratches were found on the cylinder wall, which were evaluated as abnormal wear by the classifier. This method can cut down the quantity of disassembly inspection and is more efficient.     

透平机减速齿轮箱的在线铁谱监测

在线铁谱技术是一种由分析铁谱技术发展而来的磨损状态实时监测技术，对于连续运行的关键设备的主要摩擦付实施在线铁谱监测是十分必要的。它可以避免离线铁谱监测的取样、制样等繁杂过程和长间隔采样漏掉故障信息等缺点。利用在线铁谱技术对透平机减速齿轮箱的磨损状态监测结果表明，即使在正常磨损状态下，齿轮摩擦付的磨损速率并不是恒定的。它既受磨粒在摩擦付附近的不均匀造成的随机误差影响，又受齿轮载荷变化的影响。而磨损趋