耐磨Zn-Al合金的老化原因分析

对多种成分的铸造合金的加速腐蚀实验、电化学检测、金相分析、X射线衍射和电子探针分析,证实了各种成分的合金都发生晶界腐蚀;随着铝含量的增加,由晶界富铝相腐蚀逐渐过渡到晶界富锌相腐蚀;晶界腐蚀是Zn-Al合金老化的主要原因。在此基础上,提出了改进Zn-Al合金耐腐蚀性能的几种可能途径:适当提高铝含量,表面处理,加入合金元素等。     

合金元素比例对铜铅合金纳米拉伸力学特性的影响

铜铅合金由于铜的高塑性、高强度以及铅的自润滑功能,是经过实践检验证明的优良减磨材料,广泛应用于精密机械和航空航天领域中.为研究元素比例在铜铅合金材料纳米拉伸过程中对其力学特性的影响,采用Poisson-Voronoi和Monte Carlo方法建立大规模多晶铜分子动力学模型,在此基础上,采用混合蒙特卡洛/分子动力学方法(hybrid Monte Carlo/molecular dynamics, MC/MD)建立铜铅合金模型.根据真实铜铅合金比例成分建立具有不同铅原子比例的铜铅合金模型并与多晶铜纳米拉伸模型对比,模拟计算多晶体及铜铅合金的纳米拉伸过程,计算各模型的缺陷结构的配位数、内应力、原子势能等参数.结果表明:具有不同元素比例的铜铅合金纳米拉伸过程存在显著的规律性,铜铅合金和多晶铜的静水压力及势能分布相似,铅原子能够抑制铜铅合金晶界处位错的形核与扩展从而使合金材料结构更稳定,合金材料塑性变形过程中晶粒和晶界的势能变化特点相反,铅原子的加入主要影响晶界状态,晶界结构组成在合金塑性变形过程中具有主要作用.因而,通过改变铜铅合金中的元素比例,可改变合金材料各方面性能,本文的研究结果为制备高性能铜铅合金材料提供一定的理论指导.     

表面合金化提高铝材抗硫酸电化学腐蚀的研究

用电化学综合测试仪，ＥＰＭＡ电子探针和Ｘ射线衍射仪分析研究了经表面合金处理的铝材在硫酸介质中抵抗电化学腐蚀的能力，实验发现，表面合金方法、合金程度等因素强烈地影响铝材在硫酸电介质中的化学性能。     

电解金属锰用Al/Pb-Sn-Sb-Ag阳极材料的性能研究

采用挤压拉拔复合技术制备电解金属锰用Al/Pb-1.15Sn-0.3Sb-0.1Ag复合阳极,通过电子万能试验机、直流低电阻测试仪、金相显微镜、电化学工作站和电化学强化腐蚀等手段,研究了该阳极材料的力学和物理性能、铅合金的金相、电化学性能和腐蚀速率.结果 表明:与传统Pb-1.15Sn-0.3 Sb-0.1Ag合金阳极比较,Al/Pb-1.15Sn-0.3Sb-0.1Ag复合阳极材料的极限抗拉强度提高17.89％,电导率提升3.35倍;经挤压拉拔复合处理后的铅合金晶粒更细小均匀,晶界处更薄;氧析出电位降低84 mV (600 A/m2),表现电流密度增加两个数量级,阻抗减小,具有更好的析氧电催化活性和耐腐蚀性.     

采用激光重熔改善2Cr13钢的耐酸蚀性能的研究

在２Ｃｒ１３钢的表面进行激光直接扫描重熔,采用现代测试手段对重熔层的组织、成分、结构等进行研究．在酸性介质（１０％Ｈ２ＳＯ４溶液）中对重熔层表面进行电化学腐蚀实验,测定其电化学阳极极化曲线．实验结果表明,采用激光直接扫描重熔来处理２Ｃｒ１３钢表面后,２Ｃｒ１３钢表层的耐酸蚀性能有极大的改善且其耐酸蚀性能与激光重熔工艺有关．     

TiAl基合金铌碳复合渗后抗腐蚀性能研究

T iAl基合金的密度低强度高高温蠕变性能好,在航空航天汽车船舶领域有着广泛的应用。但是TiAl基合金在一些特殊介质中如酸、盐溶液中容易被腐蚀,为了解决此问题,常常需要对其进行一定的表面处理。本文对TiAl基合金进行双层辉光等离子铌碳复合渗处理渗技术,对复合渗后试样(记作TiAl-Nb-C)合金层组织成分进行分析,同时,研究其在不同腐蚀介质中的电化学腐蚀行为,绘制阳极极化曲线,并和原T iAl基材的腐蚀极化曲线进行比较分析。     

7050铝合金盐雾腐蚀疲劳性能的研究

为了研究7050铝合金盐雾腐蚀后的疲劳性能,以不同表面处理和装配方式对7050铝合金进行了盐雾腐蚀试验,测试其疲劳寿命,采用DFR法和统计学中T检验法和F检验法分析处理所得疲劳寿命数据,利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜手段研究了盐雾腐蚀深度、断口形貌等腐蚀特征.研究结果表明:7050铝合金盐雾腐蚀试样的疲劳寿命显著降低,疲劳裂纹在腐蚀点处萌生;不同表面处理状态的7050铝合金与TC18接触时,不涂胶和不涂漆的腐蚀最为严重;7050铝合金阳极化后涂漆和涂胶是保护材料的有效措施.     

大块锆基非晶合金Zr53．5Cu26．5Ni5Al12Ag3的盐雾腐蚀行为

采用铜模吸铸法制备直径为5 mm的Zr53.5Cu26.5Ni5Al12Ag3,用电化学极化曲线方法考察该大块锆基非晶合金及相应的晶态合金在55℃中性盐雾气氛下腐蚀120 h的腐蚀行为,并用金相显微镜、SEM和EDS对腐蚀前后试样的表面形貌和成分进行观察与分析.极化曲线测试结果表明,在55℃中性盐雾气氛下,大块锆基非晶合金比相同成分的晶态合金具有更好的耐盐雾腐蚀性能,腐蚀120 h后,Icorr=9.922×10-7A/cm2,比同条件下的晶态合金小3个数量级.SEM分析表明非晶合金表面没有发生明显的腐蚀,表面保持光洁.EDS分析表明非晶合金腐蚀产物为Al的氧化物,相应的晶态合金表面腐蚀产物为Al和Ni的氧化物.     

放电处理在纺织品加工中的应用

本文研究了放电处理如低温等离子体处理、在大气环境中低温等离子体处理及镀层腐蚀对不同纺织纤维及高聚物材料表面性能的影响．等离子体处理主要造成纺织品的化学改性，增加其润湿性和附着力，而镀层腐蚀会在纺织品表面形成许多突起，增加其附着力，减少光的反射，从而增加染色深度     

锅炉燃烧器低氮改造后发生高温腐蚀的原因分析及防止措施

对水冷壁高温腐蚀的原因进行分析,采用不同的燃烧器型式,对水冷壁进行喷涂表面处理;根据机组不同的运行工况优化配风方式,合理组织燃烧,改善贴壁气成分等防止高温腐蚀措施,可遏制高温腐蚀的形成和发展,提高锅炉设备的安全性和可靠性。     

Electrochemical behavior of Mg-Al-Pb alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution

An investigation on electrochemical behavior of Mg-5%Pb alloy, Mg-6%Al alloy and Mg-6%Al-5%Pb alloy(mass fraction) in 3.5% Na Cl(mass fraction) solution was conducted using electrochemical measurements and corroded morphology observation, in which solid solution and the as-aged state of each alloy were compared to discuss the influence mechanism of lead and aluminium on the electrochemical properties of alloys. The X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis was performed to make microstructure characterization. The electrochemical results indicate that the corrosion of Mg-5%Pb alloy is predominated by homogeneous pitting and dissolution of PbCl_2 film due to Cl ions attack, while corrosion crevice propagates along grain boundaries in solid solution of Mg-6%Al alloy and the micro galvanic corrosion also plays vital role in Mg_(17)Al_(12) phase containing experimental alloys. The co-existence of lead and aluminium in magnesium alloy increases corrosion current density and electrochemical activity as well. The comparison between solid solution and the as-aged state demonstrates that Mg_2 Pb and Mg_(17)Al_(12) somewhat increase corrosion resistance but lighten anodic polarization by facilitating corrosion product flaking off.     

稀土-镁-镍基贮氢合金的研究进展

综述了近几年稀土-镁-镍基贮氢合金电极材料相结构与电化学性能等方面的研究进展。介绍了改善合金电化学性能的方法,包括合金组成的改进、热处理、表面处理、制备复合合金等方法。讨论了稀土-镁-镍基贮氢合金研究中的几个重要问题以及发展方向。     

Mechanical properties and microstructure of as-cast and extruded Mg-（Ce, Nd）-Zn-Zr alloys

1INTRODUCTION Thebeneficialinfluenceofrareearth(RE)metalsontheambientandelevatedtemperature mechanicalpropertiesofmagnesiumalloyhaslongbeenrecognized[13].Recently,Yttriumisaddedto Magnesiumalloytoimproveitstensilestrength andcreepresistance,andsuchinvestigationsatheat resistantmagnesiumalloyhaveledtothede velopmentofWE43andWE54alloys[4,5].Al thoughsuchalloysexhibitgoodpropertiesupto573Kthroughcastingandextruding,therelativelyhighcostofYttriumrestrictstheapplicationof suchalloys.Otherr…     

NHS活塞合金的研制

本文详细地讨论了高硅铝合金中各合金元素的作用,研究了合金元素含量变化对组织和性能的影响。提出了合金的最佳成份选择范围,最后通过对该合金进行组织细化处理,获得了一种高性能的优质新型铝合金—NHS活塞合金。     

基于余氏理论及元胞自动机的Ti⁃2Nb合金组织模拟

钛合金因具有高强度、低密度、耐腐蚀等优良性能而广泛应用于航空航天领域,因此从理论上研究钛合金组织演变规律对新型钛合金的定量设计十分必要。利用余氏理论计算价电子结构参数,结合元胞自动机规则,建立了Ti?2Nb合金β相组织模拟方法,对Ti?2Nb合金在1 000、1 050、1 100、1 150、1 200 ℃固溶时的微观组织进行了模拟。结果表明,该模型能够将相结构单元与β相组织形核长大建立关联;β相组织形核点数量与固溶温度的定量关系式可以通过余氏理论计算的相结构单元结合能进行表征;β相组织的晶粒尺寸随固溶时间的演变可以通过模拟步长建立关联。研究结果可为合金成分、制备工艺、组织、性能定量关系的建立提供可借鉴的思路。     

稀土在铝合金中的作用及研究进展

根据铝合金的传统分类方法,系统总结了稀土在铸造铝合金和变形铝合金中的作用,特别是在变形铝合金各个合金系中的作用. 作者发现,以往国内对稀土铝合金的研究主要集中在La、Ce、Y及混合稀土在铝及其合金中的作用和机理方面,对其他稀土元素在铝合金中的作用(诸如提高强韧性、耐蚀性及可焊性)研究甚少. 作者在稀土元素的选择上进行了深入研究,结果发现稀土Er在铝及其合金中具有显著作用,Er元素不仅能细化铝合金晶粒还能显著提高合金的强韧性、耐蚀性,因此有必要对其进行进一步研究.     

Corrosion Resistance of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy after Laser Remelting Treatment

The main objective of the study was the modification of the surface layer of magnesium alloy by the CO_2 laser. The studied material was the commercial AZ91 magnesium alloy. The effectiveness of the alternations caused by the remelting process was verified on the basis of microscopic observation and corrosion investigations, i e, recording of potentiodynamic polarization curves, electrochemical noise measurements and hydrogen evolution rate measurements. For the adopted range of the treatment parameters, favourable changes were observed in the surface layer such as the refinement of structure and more uniform arrangement of individual phases. As a consequence of those favourable structural changes the improvement of the corrosion resistance of the alloy was achieved in comparison to its non-remelted equivalent. For the treated material corrosion rates expressed as corrosion current densities were at least three times lower than the appropriate values for the untreated alloy comparing them for the same period of samples immersion in the test solution. The obtained results have confirmed the effectiveness of the applied surface treatment resulting in favourable changes in the structure and corrosion properties of the AZ91 magnesium alloy.     

Corrosion and Electrochemical Behavior of Zn-Cu-Ti Alloy Added with La in 3% NaOH Solution

The corrosion mechanism of Zn-Cu-Tialloy added with La in 3% NaOH solution was investigated by electrochemicaltesting and SEM observation.Polarization curves manifested that the overallcorrosion kinetics of alloys are under anodic control.The anodic passivation of the Zn-Cu-Tialloy is remarkably improved by the addition of La.Because La can effectively improve the hydrogen evolution/oxygen reduction over-potentialof alloy elements,and the rare earth oxide film plays an important role in insulation that can strengthen the dielectric properties of Zn-Cu-Tialloy,the corrosion resistance of Zn-Cu-Tialloy is made significantly better by adding a trace amount of La.The improvement of corrosion resistance is not positively correlated with the adding amount of La to alloy.The Zn-Cu-Ti-0.5La alloy displays the best corrosion resistance behavior.The corrosion form of the alloys mainly belongs to a selective corrosion and the main solid corrosion products are Zn(OH)_2 and ZnO.     

激光熔敷工艺对镍基合金的耐蚀性影响的研究

我国火电厂千瓦汽轮机末级叶片在特定工况下其进气边常常遭到腐蚀．我们对其进行了激光直接重熔和激光熔敷镍基合金处理,经形貌观察,物相分析及阳极极化曲线测定,结果表明,激光处理后其耐蚀性均比处理前提高．其中熔敷镍基Ｇ１１２合金的耐蚀性提高最大．若激光处理参数匹配恰当,三者比较,涂敷的镍基ＷＣ合金更易印化、耐蚀性最好．     

Microstructure and corrosion properties of laser cladding MoNi based alloy coatings

Mo-based alloys are widely used for their excellent wear and corrosion resistance as well as high temperature resistance.Mo-NiCrBSi and Mo-Ni alloy coatings were prepared on 1020 water wall tube by laser cladding technology in the present study.The microstructure and phase compositions were analyzed by means of the scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy-dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)and X-ray diffractometry(XRD).The corrosion properties of the coatings were evaluated by an electrochemical experiment at room temperature in 3.5 wt.%NaCl electrolyte.With increasing content of Mo,the structure homogeneity in Mo-Ni coatings deteriorated,the grain size increased,the average hardness and the corrosion resistance declined,due to the more content of harmful phases.Compared to the Mo-Ni coatings,the overall performance was better for the Mo-NiCrBSi,which had the higher hardness contributed by the element B and Si as well as the better corrosion resistance due to the addition of Cr.