中国食源性鼠伤寒沙门菌株耐药谱及PFGE分型研究

目的了解掌握中国食品中鼠伤寒沙门菌的耐药状况，并对2002—2005年国家食源性疾病监测网分离的23株鼠伤寒沙门菌进行耐药性监测及PFGE分型研究。方法利用血清学方法对2002—2005年食源性疾病监测网分离的沙门菌进行分型，并运用CLSI（Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute）推荐的纸片法对鼠伤寒沙门菌株进行耐药性检测。采用脉冲场凝胶电泳法（PFGE）进行PFGE分型。结果发现15株多重耐药鼠伤寒沙门菌，其中耐4～5种抗生素的6株（40％），耐6～9种抗生素的5株（33．3％），耐10种抗生素的4株（26．7％）；可分为16个PFGE型。其中5个PFGE型的菌株数超过1株。结论我国食源性鼠伤寒沙门菌分离株的多重耐药性严重，PFGE分型方法对鼠伤寒沙门菌的分型能力较好，同一PFGE型菌株的耐药谱非常接近。     

石家庄市肉鸡屠宰和市售环节弯曲菌污染状况及耐药分析

目的了解石家庄市肉鸡屠宰和市售环节中弯曲菌的污染状况及对12种抗生素的耐药谱和耐药特征。方法采集屠宰前肉鸡肛拭子、鸡酮体涂抹拭子标本和市售鸡肉、鸡肝脏样品,参照GB 4789.9—2014《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验空肠弯曲菌检验》和多重聚合酶链式反应(PCR)方法进行弯曲菌的分离和鉴定,用K-B纸片法对分离弯曲菌进行6类12种抗生素药敏测定。结果在439份标本/样品中共有17份检出弯曲菌,总检出率为3.9%(17/439)。空肠弯曲菌对萘啶酸、左氧氟沙星、环丙沙星和四环素的耐药率均为85.7%(6/7),对庆大霉素、链霉素、丁胺卡那、阿奇霉素、氟苯尼考全部敏感。结肠弯曲菌除对阿奇霉素、多西环素、氟苯尼考的耐药率小于50.0%外,对环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、萘啶酸、庆大霉素、丁胺卡那、四环素、链霉素、克林霉素的耐药率均高于80.0%。17株弯曲菌多重耐药率为70.6%(12/17),呈11种耐药谱型,市售环节分离株耐药谱型多于屠宰环节分离株,并具有各自不同的优势耐药谱型。结论石家庄市肉鸡屠宰和市售环节均有一定程度的弯曲菌污染,分离株多重耐药情况严重,呈多种耐药谱型。     

全基因组测序分析2018年江西省临床分离非伤寒沙门菌耐药性研究

目的 掌握2018年江西省食源性疾病病例的非伤寒沙门菌分离株的耐药特征、耐药表型与耐药基因之间的对应关系,评价全基因组测序(whole genome sequencing,WGS)技术在耐药监测的应用前景。方法 本研究以2018年江西省食源性疾病病例分离的58株非伤寒沙门菌为研究对象,用微量肉汤稀释法检测菌株对14种抗菌药物的耐药性,对58株非伤寒沙门菌进行WGS,拼接后的序列经过与ResFinder数据库比对,注释耐药基因。结果 58株非伤寒沙门菌对四环素耐药率最高(77.59%,45/58),其次是氨苄西林(72.41%,42/58),对亚胺培南全部敏感。耐3类及3类以上抗生素的多重耐药菌株占56.90%(33/58),最高为6重耐药菌株占3.45%(2/58)。58株非伤寒沙门菌共筛选出47种11类耐药基因,喹诺酮耐药决定区(quinolone resistance-determining region, QRDR)存在gyrA、gyrB和parC基因突变。菌株对氨基糖苷类耐药基因携带率最高为100.00%(58/58),其次是四环素类耐药基因 携带率为72.41%(42/58),大环内酯类耐药基因携带率最低为3.45%(2/58)。携带3类及3类以上耐药基因的菌株占77.59%(45/58),1.72%(1/58)菌株最高携带9类耐药基因。58株非伤寒沙门菌的药敏试验结果与检测出的已知耐药基因总体符合率达93.43%(611/654)。除喹诺酮类外,其他类别的抗生素耐药表型与耐药基因符合率均高于91%,部分种类的抗生素耐药表型与基因符合率达100%。结论 非伤寒沙门菌耐药现象较为严重,其耐药表型与耐药基因有很高的一致性,WGS可作为预测沙门菌耐药性的有效手段。     

2004—2012年分离自北京口岸进出口食品的沙门菌耐药性分析

目的 了解北京口岸进出口食品中分离沙门菌的耐药状况及耐药谱情况,分析耐药趋势,为制定食品安全监管措施和抗生素的使用提供依据。方法 对65株本实验室分离的沙门菌以及17株参比菌株,共82株沙门菌采用Kindy-Bauer(KB)法检测其对15种抗生素的敏感性,根据美国临床实验室标准化研究所(CLSI)标准进行判断,并对药敏试验结果进行数据分析。结果 65株沙门菌分离株除对头孢吡肟、头孢曲松、阿米卡星、头孢噻肟全部敏感外,对其余11种抗生素均有不同程度的耐药,其中氨苄西林耐药率最高为16.9%(11/65),其次为哌拉西林(13.8%,9/65)、四环素(13.8%,9/65)、卡那霉素(9.2%,6/65)和链霉素(7.7%,5/65)。在所有65株沙门菌分离株中,对1种抗生素耐药的菌株共11株,占16.9%(11/65),对2种抗生素耐药的菌株为1株,占1.5%(1/65),对3种及以上抗生素耐药的多重耐药株为7株,多重耐药率为10.8%(7/65)。结论 北京口岸进出口食品中分离的沙门菌对多种抗生素耐药。     

2017—2019年绍兴市沙门菌病人分离株的耐药性与分子分型分析

目的 了解绍兴市2017—2019年沙门菌病人分离株的分子分型特征及耐药情况。方法 收集245株分离自绍兴市食源性腹泻病例中的沙门菌,进行血清学分型,采用微量肉汤稀释法进行药敏检测,使用脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)对分离株进行分子分型,利用BioNumerics V7.1软件进行聚类分析。结果 245株沙门菌可分为60种血清型,优势血清型为鼠伤寒沙门菌(32.24%)、肠炎沙门菌(10.20%)和伦敦沙门菌(6.94%)。225株分离株对25种抗生素存在不同程度的耐药,其中氨苄西林(77.14%)、四环素(73.88%)和链霉素(66.53%)的耐药率较高,且多重耐药率达76.33%。Xba Ⅰ酶切后的鼠伤寒沙门菌、肠炎沙门菌和伦敦沙门菌分别含48种、11种和12种不同PFGE指纹图谱。结论 绍兴市沙门菌血清型种类繁多,PFGE指纹图谱呈多样性,抗生素耐药呈现较集中且主要为氨苄西林-四环素-链霉素(AMP-TET-STR)。     

北京市食源性非伤寒沙门菌的分子分型和耐药性研究

目的了解北京市食源性非伤寒沙门菌的分子特征及耐药情况。方法对2004—2010年北京市食源性致病菌监测网收集的100株沙门菌进行脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)分型和抗生素敏感性检测。结果 100株非伤寒沙门菌通过PFGE分型分为62个不同的带型,每个带型包含1~11株菌。抗生素敏感性结果显示,100株菌中有55株菌表现为对至少1种抗生素耐药,其中多重耐药菌株15株。菌株对各抗生素的耐药率为萘啶酸40%、四环素30%、氯霉素15%、庆大霉素10%、甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲恶唑10%、环丙沙星9%、头孢西丁1%、头孢噻肟0%。结论沙门菌PFGE带型和耐药谱均与血清型存在很高的一致性。提示北京市食源性非伤寒沙门菌的耐药情况比较严重,开展对该菌分子分型与耐药特征分析的联合监测意义重大。     

2016年上海市市售肉制品中沙门菌耐药谱与分型研究

目的 研究上海市市售肉制品中沙门菌血清型、耐药谱和分子分型特征。方法 2016年1～8月在上海市所辖16个行政区,随机选择1个密集型社区,抽取1家超市或市场作为哨点,定期采集畜、禽类肉制品,按国家食品安全风险评估中心(CFSA)食源性疾病监测方案进行沙门菌分离、血清分型、抗生素定量检测与剂量评估、优势菌的分子分型。结果 606份样品包括猪、鸡、鸭、牛、羊、鹅肉制品,共分离沙门菌158株,总阳性率为26.1%,畜肉和禽肉来源分别占52.5%(83/158)和47.5%(75/158)。前5位沙门菌血清型依次为肠炎沙门菌、鼠伤寒沙门菌、德尔卑沙门菌、罗森沙门菌和印第安纳沙门菌,畜肉和禽肉来源优势菌型间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);菌株对磺胺异噁唑耐药率最高(79.7%,126/158),对链霉素、萘啶酸、氨苄西林、四环素和氯霉素耐药率在38.0%～77.8%,多重耐药(MDR)菌株(≥3类)占77.8%(123/158),猪肉来源沙门菌对庆大霉素、链霉素、磺胺异噁唑、复方新诺明、氯霉素、四环素耐药率均高于鸡肉来源沙门菌,鸡肉来源沙门菌对头孢噻呋、头孢曲松、萘啶酸耐药率均高于猪肉来源沙门菌,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),32.9%(52/158)的菌株对至少6种抗生素超检测限值;肠炎沙门菌有15个分型,以1型和3型为优势型;鼠伤寒沙门菌有23个分型,具有遗传多样性特征。结论 上海市市售肉制品沙门菌暴露以猪肉和鸡肉来源为主,肉制品中多重耐药沙门菌污染严重。猪肉来源的罗森沙门菌和鸡肉来源的吉韦沙门菌是新输入性的血清型。     

青岛市屠宰场整鸡中沙门菌污染水平定量检测及耐药性分析

目的调查青岛市规模化肉鸡屠宰场屠宰后整鸡样品中沙门菌的污染及抗生素耐药谱分布状况。方法2014年10~12月在青岛市选择2家规模化肉鸡屠宰场,采用胴体漂洗法定量检测3次共采集的141份屠宰后整鸡样品中沙门菌,根据Kauffmann-White表对沙门菌菌株进行血清学鉴定,应用微量肉汤稀释法检测菌株对11种抗生素的耐药性。结果整鸡样品沙门菌总体污染率为74.5%(105/141),污染水平3.6~1 100 MPN/100 g,中位数为43 MPN/100 g;共分离355株沙门菌,血清型分布为肠炎沙门菌220株,印第安纳沙门菌88株和阿贡纳沙门菌19株,以及其他型28株。355株沙门菌分离株的总体耐药率为90.4%(321/355),萘啶酸(NAL)耐药率最高(88.7%,315/355)。220株肠炎沙门菌中219株(99.5%)耐药,6株(2.7%)为多重耐药株,优势耐药谱为奈啶酸(156株)。88株印第安纳沙门菌均耐药,85株为多重耐药株,优势耐药谱为庆大霉素-氯霉素-环丙沙星-萘啶酸-氨苄西林-青霉烷砜/氨苄西林-头孢他啶-头孢噻肟-复方新诺明。19株阿贡纳沙门菌除1株对奈啶酸耐药外,其余18株对所测试11种抗生素均敏感。结论青岛市肉鸡屠宰场沙门菌污染率较高,血清型以肠炎沙门菌、印第安纳沙门菌和阿贡纳沙门菌为主。沙门菌总体耐药率较高,并呈现多重耐药性趋势。     

2021年贵州省食源性疾病主动监测分离沙门菌耐药及分型特征

目的 了解2021年贵州省食源性疾病主动监测分离沙门菌的血清型、耐药和分子分型特征。方法 对全省2021年食源性疾病主动监测腹泻病例中分离的164株沙门菌采用玻片凝集法进行血清学分型，采用微量肉汤稀释法测定菌株对14种抗生素的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）值，采用脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）进行分子分型。结果 164株沙门菌可分为25种血清型，优势血清型为鼠伤寒沙门菌（76，46.34%）、肠炎沙门菌（25，15.24%）和爪哇安纳沙门菌（15，9.15%）。164株沙门菌耐药率为100%，多重耐药率达86.59%；其中对氨苄西林、四环素和萘啶酸耐药率较高，分别为95.12%（156/164）、78.05%（128/164）和63.41%（104/164）。72株鼠伤寒沙门菌PFGE聚类分析后共分为58种指纹图谱，24株肠炎沙门菌有12种指纹图谱，15株爪哇安纳沙门菌有3种指纹图谱。结论 贵州省腹泻患者沙门菌血清型种类较多，多重耐药现象严重，PFGE指纹图谱表现出遗传多样性。应加强对沙门菌的耐药监测，尤其是优势血清型鼠伤寒沙门菌的临床用药。     

宁波市河水环境中沙门菌分布特征和耐药性

目的了解宁波市人工河水环境中沙门菌的血清型分布特征及耐药情况,为预防、控制相应食源性疾病发生提供科学根据。方法对河水样品进行离心浓缩、蛋白胨水增菌液增菌、亚硒酸盐胱氨酸增菌液选择性增菌和沙门菌显色平板分离沙门菌,对分离菌株采用系统生化和血清凝集进行鉴定,并采用纸片法检测菌株对8种抗生素的耐药性,对多重耐药菌株和耐β-内酰胺类抗生素菌株扩增主要相关耐药基因。结果 2014年1月至2015年12月,共采集48份河水样品,分离沙门菌株105株,主要血清型为鼠伤寒(26株)、德尔卑(14株)、里森(8株)、肠炎(4株)、阿贡纳(4株)、斯坦利(4株)、阿格玛(4株),其他及未分型沙门菌41株。70株(66.7%)耐至少一种抗生素,对抗生素的耐药率分别为氨苄西林53.3%、四环素42.9%、甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑32.4%、庆大霉素11.4%、环丙沙星4.8%、头孢噻肟4.8%和产超广谱β-内酰胺酶4.8%。β-内酰胺类抗生素相关耐药基因为TEM型(n=52)、OXA型(n=6)和CTX-M型(n=3),58.1%的菌株1类整合子基因阳性。结论人工河水环境中沙门菌检出率较高,且部分血清型为重要的食源性致病菌,检出菌也有较高的耐药性,携带多种耐药基因,提示食源性疾病防控中需关注环境细菌的危害。     

Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in raw retail chickens, imported chicken portions, and human clinical specimens

Salmonella isolates from raw, chilled, retail chickens (n = 434) sampled between 1998 and 2000 were tested for resistance to 12 antibiotics. Of 23 salmonellas isolated, 30% were susceptible and 30% were resistant or intermediately resistant to one antibiotic, 26% to two, and 13% to four or more. One Salmonella Saint-Paul and two Salmonella Typhimurium isolates were resistant to more than four antibiotics. Highest resistance rates were sulfonamide (52%), streptomycin (26%), tetracycline (22%), and ampicillin (17%). Isolates (n = 27) from frozen chicken portions (n = 150) imported from Brazil and Thailand (generally for manufacturing and catering) were also tested. Brazilian salmonellas showed no multiple resistance, but an isolate of Salmonella Virchow from Thai chickens was resistant to two antibiotics. This compared with 39% resistance to two or more antibiotics in nonimported isolates. Resistance patterns of both sets of chicken isolates were compared with human fecal clinical isolates (n = 274) submitted for routine examination at this hospital, and a greater similarity was found between the clinical and local isolates than with imported salmonellas. Sulfonamide resistance in imported salmonellas was lower than that of nonimported and clinical isolates. Resistance to one or more antimicrobial was found in 70% of nonimported raw retail chickens, 52% of imported chicken breast fillets, and 84% of human fecal isolates. Multiple resistance (to four or more antibiotics) is a much more limited problem.     

Prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and molecular characterization of Salmonella serovars in retail meat products

The prevalence of Salmonella was determined in chicken meat (n = 26), beef (n = 49), and pork (n = 56) collected from wholesale markets, retail stores, and traditional markets in Seoul, South Korea, in 2009. Antibiotic resistance was assessed, and the molecular subtypes of Salmonella isolates were ascertained using an automated repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) system (DiversiLab). A total of 18 Salmonella strains were isolated from 17 of 131 samples: 16 strains from each of 16 samples and 2 strains from the same pork sample. The prevalence of Salmonella from the retail meats was 2.0% in beef, 8.9% in pork, and 42.3% in chicken meat. Among 10 different serotypes, Salmonella enterica Panama was recovered from a beef sample, and Salmonella London and Salmonella Montevideo were the predominant serotypes from pork and chicken meat, respectively. The highest antibiotic resistance observed was to erythromycin (100%) followed by streptomycin (22.2%) and tetracycline and chloramphenicol (16.7%). Of the 18 isolates, 5 (27.8%) were resistant to two or more antibiotics, and 1 isolate from chicken meat was resistant to eight antibiotics, including cephalosporins. Differentiation between all of the Salmonella isolates except between Salmonella Montevideo and Salmonella London was successfully performed with the automated rep-PCR system, indicating that it can be added to the toolbox for source tracking of foodborne pathogens associated with outbreaks.     

Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella isolated from foods in Korea from 1993 to 2001

This study determined the prevalence of Salmonella in foods widely consumed in Korea from 1993 to 2001, along with antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Salmonella isolates from these foods for 11 antibiotics. Overall, 41 Salmonella isolates, representing 15 serotypes, were obtained from 2.2% (29 of 1,334) of the samples examined, and most of the Salmonella isolates were recovered from broiler carcasses. The most common serotypes were Salmonella Enteritidis (29.3%), Salmonella Virginia (14.6%), and Salmonella Haart (12.2%). All isolates were screened for antibiotic resistance; 14.6% of the isolates were susceptible to all of the antibiotics, 4.9% were resistant to one antimicrobial agent, 14.6% were resistant to two antimicrobial agents, 22.0% were resistant to three antimicrobial agents, 39.0% were resistant to four antimicrobial agents, and 4.9% were resistant to five antimicrobial agents. Most of the isolates showed resistance or intermediate resistance to streptomycin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, and/or tetracycline.     

Antimicrobial resistance of food-related Salmonella isolates, 1999-2000

Salmonellosis is a major foodborne infection in the United States, and strains of Salmonella that are resistant to a variety of antimicrobial agents have become a major public health concern. To estimate the incidence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella in our food supply, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has initiated screening of foodborne isolates for sensitivity to antimicrobial agents, including several antibiotics. Salmonella cultures (n = 502) isolated by FDA laboratories during fiscal year 2000 (1 October 1999 through 30 September 2000) from domestic and imported food products and related samples were tested for susceptibility to each of 12 antimicrobial agents using a disc diffusion assay. Because all isolates were resistant to rifampin (5 or 25 microg), only results with the remaining 11 antimicrobial agents are discussed in this paper. Of the 502 isolates, 247 (49.2%) were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents, and of these 247 isolates, 170 (68.8%) were resistant to one antimicrobial agent, 33 (13.4%) to two antimicrobial agents, 25 (10.1%) to three antimicrobial agents, 7 (2.8%) to four antimicrobial agents, 8 (3.2%) to five antimicrobial agents, and 2 (0.8%) each to six and seven antimicrobial agents. No isolates were resistant to norfloxacin, whereas only seven were resistant to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, six to trimethoprim, three to gentamicin, and one to ciprofloxacin. These results, for the first time, provide a baseline of data on the incidence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella in the U.S. food supply, which should be useful in determining the evolution of antimicrobial resistance in the future.     

Antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in commensal Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolates from commercial broiler chicken farms

Antibiotic resistance patterns and the presence of antibiotic and virulence determinants in 74 sorbitol-negative Escherichia coli and 62 Salmonella isolates from nine different broiler chicken farms were investigated. Each farm was supplied by one of three companies that used different antimicrobial agents in feed for growth promotion. The isolates were identified by API 20E for E. coli and by serological tests for Salmonella. The susceptibility of the isolates to antibiotics was determined by Sensititre using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute's breakpoints. Fifty-two E. coli isolates (70.3%) and nine Salmonella isolates (14.52%) were multiresistant to at least nine antibiotics. The multiresistant isolates were evaluated for the presence of tetracycline resistance, integron class 1, and blacMY 2 genes by PCR. Of the 74 E. coli isolates, 55 were resistant to amoxicillin and ceftiofur. Among these 55 resistant E. coli isolates, 45 (81.8%) and 22 (40.0%) were positive for blacMY-2 and qacEdeltal-Sull genes, respectively. Tetracycline resistance was found in 56 isolates (75.8%) among which 12 (21.4%) and 24 (42.9%) gave positive results for tetA and tetB, respectively. Virulence genes (iss, tsh, and traT), aerobactin operon (iucC), and the eaeA gene were detected in some E. coli strains. Among the 27 amoxicillin- and ceftiofur-resistant Salmonella isolates, the blacMY-2 gene was detected in 22 isolates. The class 1 integron gene (qacEdeltal-Sull) was not detected in any Salmonella isolates, whereas the invasin (inv) and virulence (spy) genes were found in 61 (98.4%) and 26 (42%) of the Salmonella isolates, respectively. This study indicated that multiple antibiotic-resistant commensal E. coli and Salmonella strains carrying virulence genes can be found on commercial broiler chicken farms and may provide a reservoir for these genes in chicken production facilities. Except for the presence of tetB, there was no significant effect of feed formulations on the phenotypic or genotypic characteristics of the isolates.     

Antibiotic resistance profiles and cell surface components of Salmonellae

Salmonellae were isolated from raw chilled retail poultry meats (n=100) using the procedures outlined in the Bacteriological Analytical Manual and Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook. These isolates and 36 Salmonella strains from our laboratory culture collection were tested for their resistance to 12 different antibiotics and for their ability to produce thin aggregative fimbriae and/or cellulose, two of the most important surface components influencing the ability of cells to attach to surfaces and form biofilms. The sensitivity of the salmonellae to the antibiotics was determined with a disc diffusion assay. Of 52 Salmonella isolates, 25 (48.0%) were resistant to one antibiotic, 5 (9.6%) were resistant to two, 4 (7.7%) were resistant to three, 6 (11.5%) were resistant to four, and 5 (9.6%) were resistant to five antibiotics. Two (3.8%) of the isolates were resistant to up to nine of the antibiotics tested. Fifty-one (98%) of the isolates were resistant to novobiocin, 18 (34.6%) were resistant to streptomycin, 14 (26.9%) were resistant to tetracycline, and 14 (26.9%) were resistant to oxytetracycline. In separate experiments, the isolates were grown on Luria-Bertani no-salt agar supplemented with Congo red (40 microg/ml) and Coomassie brilliant blue (20 microg/ml) or Calcofluor (200 microg/ml) to determine whether they produced thin aggregative fimbriae and/or cellulose. Of the total 52 Salmonella isolates, 25 expressed only thin aggregative fimbriae, and 1 synthesized only cellulose. Ten isolates produced both thin aggregative fimbriae and cellulose, and the remaining 16 isolates expressed neither surface structure. The findings of this study reveal a prevalence of Salmonella on raw retail poultry products in central Georgia and suggest that salmonellae have the ability to develop resistance to multiple antibiotics and to synthesize cell surface components that help them survive in hostile or suboptimal environments.     

鸡肉源沙门氏菌血清型、药敏性及部分耐药基因研究

目的:研究432株分离于陕西省杨凌及周边城市零售鸡肉中沙门氏菌的血清型分布、药敏性及其与(氟)喹诺酮类抗菌药物抗性相关耐药基因的流行状况。方法:按照玻片凝集法鉴定血清型,使用临床和实验室标准协会推荐的琼脂稀释法测定沙门氏菌的药敏性,聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)方法确定沙门氏菌中与(氟)喹诺酮类抗生素耐药相关基因。结果:432株沙门氏菌中除36株血清型未定外,其余396株沙门氏菌共涵盖37个血清型,其中鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(Salmonella typhimurium,检出率17.93%)、汤普森沙门氏菌(Salmonella thompsons,检出率12.88%)、埃森沙门氏菌(Salmonella essen,检出率8.84%)和婴儿沙门氏菌(Salmonellainfants,检出率6.57%)等血清型比较常见。沙门氏菌对磺胺异噁唑(耐药率89.81%)耐药最为普遍,对磺胺甲噁唑、萘啶酮酸、四环素、氨苄西林、氯霉素和阿莫西林-克拉维酸等抗生素的耐药率均在50%以上。aac(6’)-Ib-cr基因检出率(16.67%)最高,qnr B、qnr S和qnr A的检出率分别为10.19%、6.71%和1.62%,且该4种基因在不同血清型菌株中分布不同。菌株携带qnr和aac(6’)-Ib-cr基因越多,对(氟)喹诺酮类和氨基糖苷类协同耐药性越强。结论:陕西省杨凌及周边城市零售鸡肉源沙门氏菌的血清型种类繁多,耐药比较普遍。     

陕西省部分地区零售肉中沙门氏菌和奇异变形杆菌Ⅰ类整合子检测与耐药分析

采用PCR技术检测2007-2008年分离于陕西省的443份零售肉中63株沙门氏菌和29株奇异变形杆菌Ⅰ类整合子,得到其在菌株中的流行情况;使用限制性内切酶酶切和DNA序列分析技术确定Ⅰ类整合子所携带的耐药基因盒;采用国家临床实验室标准化委员会(CLSI)推荐的琼脂稀释法测定Ⅰ类整合子阳性菌株对14种抗生素的药敏性。结果表明：10株(16%)沙门氏菌含有Ⅰ类整合子,其大小主要为1281bp和1842bp两种类型,携带的耐药基因分别为IntI1-blaPSE-1和dhfrXII-orf-aadA2;7株(24%)变形杆菌含有Ⅰ类整合子,主要为1123、1526、1590bp 3种类型,携带的耐药基因分别有IntI1-blaPSE-1、aadB-aadA2和dfr17-aadA5。分离自陕西省零售肉中携带有多种Ⅰ类整合子的沙门氏菌和奇异变形杆菌均为多重耐药株,耐药基因分别介导对氨基糖苷类、β-内酰胺类和甲氧苄氨嘧啶类抗生素的抗性。奇异变形杆菌中Ⅰ类整合子检出率比沙门氏菌高,且种类较为丰富。