国产轿车用冷轧薄钢板的成形性能评价

本文就评价国产轿车用冷轧薄钢板成形性力学性能参数做了详细的分析;并就轿车零件冲压成形的特点,将材料的FLD图和冲压件应变图合成为零件应变极限图,从而对零件的冲压安全裕度进行评价,用于指导国产轿车用冷轧薄钢板的冲压生产.同时就冷轧薄板的表面粗糙度、表面微观形貌及表面润滑条件等因素对钢板成形性的影响作了探讨,认为润滑有利于金属薄板在冲压成形过程中的流动,可使整个零件的应变分布趋于均匀,从而提高零件的冲压成形能力,降低冲压件的废品率.     

低合金超高强度钢HC950LA典型零件应用及回弹控制

目的以低合金超高强度钢HC950LA为对象,研究其在汽车座椅滑轨零件上的典型应用及回弹控制。方法通过V弯试验分析HC950LA在不同弯曲角度下的最小弯曲半径,根据试验结果优化滑轨零件折弯圆角设计,使HC950LA满足滑轨零件的成形性要求,并通过试制滑轨零件,在成形过程中研究回弹控制进行方法。结果 HC950LA沿着垂直于轧制方向的折弯性能较好,成形模具半径可以小至1 mm,满足滑轨零件成形需求。使用HC950LA试制座椅滑轨零件,通过优化产品折弯圆角设计、模具型面调整及改变零件弯曲时的应力分布状态对零件进行回弹控制,零件回弹控制效果明显。结论低合金超高强度钢HC950LA冲压座椅滑轨零件成形性良好,满足零件精度、性能要求。     

大截面差空心件内高压成形研究

截面周长差较大的空心零件的内高压成形需要解决膨胀区的轴向补料问题和预成形问题,才能获得壁厚分布较为均匀的合格零件.以某轿车转向节臂零件的成形过程为例,对上述问题进行了试验研究.首先设计、试制了瓶形预制件,在预成形中利用"有益起皱"实现了大量的补料,获得了壁厚分布符合要求的预制件;然后在终成形前使零件截面具有合理的形状,再进行终成形,既保证了圆角部位的外形尺寸,又提高了壁厚均匀性.采用本文介绍的方法实现了截面周长差达70%的瓶形预制件的制备,从而获得了壁厚、外形尺寸均满足设计要求的转向节臂零件.     

复杂结构铝合金空心阀体液-固成形技术的研究EI北大核心

针对工业用复杂结构铝合金空心阀体类零件的制造需求,研究了两侧推挤半固态成形和液态、半固态挤压成形工艺;并对两侧推挤成形过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明:采用半固态两侧推挤成形轴对称复杂外形零件时模具与坯料存在干涉问题,需要进一步进行深入研究。采用垂直分模,半固态挤压成形,由于流动阻力较大,充型效果尚不理想;液态挤压的方法可以获得较理想的外形结构零件,但压力传递有损失,制件性能会存在不均匀性。     

国产轿车用冷轧薄钢板的成形性能评价

就评价国产轿车用冷轧薄钢板成形性力学性能参数做了详细的分析;并就轿车零件冲压成形的特点,将材料的FLD图和冲压件应变图合成为零件应变极限图,从而对零件的冲压安全裕度进行评价,用于指导国产轿车用冷轧薄钢板的冲压生产.     

某车型后防撞梁热冲压工艺研究

目的研究复杂热成形零件——后防撞梁的热冲压成形工艺。方法通过计算机成形仿真分析防撞梁的成形性,并获得零件的减薄率分布;利用根据仿真过程设计的热成形模具进行防撞梁零件热冲压生产,对实际成形后的零件割样进行性能检测,包括拉伸性能测试、金相组织测试和硬度测试,验证零件的性能。结果利用该工艺生产的零件尺寸稳定且性能良好,最大减薄率为14.9%,最大增厚9.7%;断后伸长率≥5%,镀层厚度为30～50μm,芯部组织为完全马氏体,硬度大于HV400。结论仿真技术能够指导热冲压工艺设计和模具设计,为复杂零件的热冲压工艺及模具设计提供参考。     

薄壁异形方半管零件充液成形工艺研究

目的 为解决薄壁异形方半管零件成形过程中易起皱、破裂、形状冻结性不佳的难题,引入充液成形工艺。为进一步掌握不同工艺参数对零件成形性能的影响,对薄壁异形方半管零件的充液成形过程进行研究。方法 以液室压力、压边力、拉深深度、摩擦因数等工艺参数为影响因子,进行正交试验,通过分析不同工艺参数下零件最大减薄率、贴模度、最大回弹量的变化规律,掌握充液成形工艺中不同工艺参数对零件起皱、破裂、形状冻结性的影响。结果 零件的破裂和起皱现象受液室压力影响显著,而零件的形状冻结性则受压边力影响较大。在数值模拟中,优化后的最优工艺参数如下:液室压力为15 MPa,压边力为120 kN,拉深深度为110 mm,摩擦因数为0.15。经模拟验证,与优化前相比,在该工艺参数下得到的结果更优,零件最大减薄率降低到11.5%、贴模度提高了0.212 mm、最大回弹量降低了1.955 mm。结论 通过模拟分析和现场试验验证可知,采用正交试验得到的最优工艺参数可以完成半管零件的成形,合理的工艺参数能有效抑制零件起皱、破裂、形状冻结性不佳的现象,从而提高半管零件的成形性能。     

基于AUTOFORM模拟的顶盖前边梁加强板热冲压工艺

目的 研究顶盖前边梁加强板热冲压成形过程中不同参数对零件成形的影响规律,为生产提供技术指导。方法 通过AUTOFORM模拟零件热成形过程,并对模拟结果对比分析,得到了板料尺寸、成形温度、保压时间、成形压力、冷却时间等工艺参数对成形性能的影响。结果 优化了板料尺寸及板料定位,并通过调节模具间隙保证了零件的成形性,得到零件最大减薄率小于15%,平均抗拉强度达到1450 MPa,平均硬度达到HV475,从而确定了顶盖前边梁加强板的热冲压工艺。结论 结合此有限元分析方法试制出抗拉强度大于1450 MPa的合格零件,为此类零件批量化生产提供理论依据。     

镁合金扇形件挤压成形数值模拟

以刚塑性有限元分析为基础,对镁合金扇形零件的挤压成形工艺进行了模拟分析,制定出扇形零件的成形工艺,即镦挤-反挤压复合成形工艺.镦挤制坯工艺优化坯料结构,反挤压工艺成形零件.根据数值模拟的工艺参数进行试验研究,成形出符合要求的零件.     

深孔筒套精密成形工艺及模具设计

目的对深孔筒套精密件成形过程与难度进行分析,确定其工艺方案,设计出合适的成形模具,并保证零件尺寸精度。方法通过结合UG与CAD软件,制定零件成形工艺方案,绘制零件成形模具图。结果该零件须通过三套成形模具进行冷挤压成形,包括一次复合挤压和两次正挤压。结论该零件的成形模具能保证深孔筒套零件的成形精度并使其较好成形。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。