吸尘机器人控制系统设计

介绍一种基于ARM7微控制器的清洁机器人控制系统.该系统实时性高,功能完备.包括控制器、传感器部分、电机控制部分和人机接口部分.由碰撞传感器、超声波传感器和接近传感器来探测周围的环境,由直流电机带动两个驱动轮旋转,结合旋转编码器的反馈信息进行路径规划.经过实验证明了设计的可靠性,实现了清洁机器人的自动清洁行走功能.     

利用MEMS惯性传感器改善控制

最近的传感器技术发展使得机器人和其他工业系统设计实现了革命性的进步。除了机器人以外，惯性传感器有可能改善其系统性能或功能的应用还包括：平台稳定、工业机械运动控制、安全／监控设备和工业车辆导航等。这种传感器提供的运动信息非常有用，不仅能改善性能，而且能提高可靠性、安全性并降低成本。     

可穿戴型下肢助力机器人感知系统研究

在分析可穿戴型下肢助力机器人所需要的控制信息的基础上,设计了一套基于CAN总线的人体下肢运动信息感知系统.该系统主要包括可获取人体腿部和脚底状态的力传感器和获取髋关节和踝关节角度信息的编码器.实验结果表明,所设计的多传感器系统稳定,实时性好,满足可穿戴型下肢助力机器人系统控制的需要.     

一种基于ARM的救援探测机器人的设计

本文主要介绍了一种基于ARM内核的S3C44B0救援探测机器人的设计,该机器人由将实时性较高的操作系统Linux移植到S3C44B0的控制系统、多传感器系统、运行与避障电路系统、图像采集处理系统、无线数据收发系统组成.在Linux开发环境下编写应用程序,实现能远程控制救援探测机器人行走与自动避障、温度和湿度以及O2、H2S、C2H4O等几十种可燃和有毒气体含量的检测、现场图像的采集、无线传输与控制的功能,其特点是能够远程无线控制机器人和远程采集信息.     

基于单片机及传感器的机器人设计与实现

本设计基于单片机及多种传感器,完成了一个自主式移动机器人的制作。单片机作为系统检测和控制的核心,实现对机器人小车的智能控制。反射式红外光电传感器检测引导线,使机器人沿轨道自主行走;使用霍尔集成片,通过计车轮转过的圈数完成机器人行走路程测量;接近开关可探测到轨道下埋藏的金属片,发出声光信息进行指示,并能实时显示金属片距起点的位置。     

多传感器信息融合在轮式机器人运动控制中的应用

分析建立和实现多传感器信息融合模型的基本过程,依据多传感器信息融合技术来达到补充信息和协同信息的目的,从而达到控制轮式机器人运动的作用。轮式机器人可以在运行轨迹为40-100cm半径范围的圆周上灵活自主的调整轨道半径;当运动到擂台边缘5cm附近的位置机器人会自动检测,然后依据自身姿态来合理调整运行情况,保证系统控制机器人运动。     

基于全局空间控制的高精度柔性视觉测量系统研究

针对传统机器人视觉测量系统中测量精度受机器人绝对定位精度限制的问题,构建了基于全局空间控制的高精度柔性视觉测量系统并研究其标定技术。通过全局空间测量定位系统实现机器人末端工具的高精度实时控制,可以突破机器人自身定位精度的限制,充分发挥其高度柔性的运动特性。为实现系统高精度测量,提出一种基于单应性矩阵的视觉传感器外参标定方法,该方法仅需对所设计的平面靶标进行一次成像,结合激光跟踪仪进行坐标转换即可实现传感器坐标系与外部参考坐标系之间坐标转换关系的精确标定。实验结果表明,基于全局空间控制的机器人视觉测量系统在其工作空间中距离测量精度优于0.2/mm,较传统的机器人视觉测量系统得到显著提高。     

现场环境智能巡检机器人设计

针对复杂的现场环境,设计一种对现场生产环境进行巡检机器人系统。该系统以ARM为核心器件结合多种传感器实现了现场环境温度、湿度、CH_4、CO浓度等参数的检测;采用超声波传感器和红外传感器结合多传感器信息融合技术和模糊神经网络信息融合方法,成功实现了机器人在运行过程中灵敏感知障碍物并及时躲避。系统中采用NRF905无线传输技术,实现了巡检机器人和远程控制台的无线通信。经过测试表明,该巡检系统可以正常工作而且可以成功躲避障碍物,可以实现与上位机通信。该系统具有结构简单、功耗低、测量准确、避障行驶安全、性能可靠等特点,具有广阔的应用前景。     

可穿戴型下肢助力机器人感知系统研究

在分析可穿戴型下肢助力机器人所需要的控制信息的基础上,设计了一套基于CAN总线的人体下肢运动信息感知系统。该系统主要包括可获取人体腿部和脚底状态的力传感器和获取髋关节和踝关节角度信息的编码器。实验结果表明,所设计的多传感器系统稳定,实时性好,满足可穿戴型下肢助力机器人系统控制的需要。     

基于ARM9的嵌入式仿人机器人传感器系统设计

依据DF-1仿人机器人需要实现的功能,利用超声波传感器与红外传感器各自的优点,设计了基于超声和红外的ARM9嵌入式仿人机器人传感器系统.该系统采用红外传感器补偿了超声波传感器的检测盲区,使移动机器人具有更大的感测范围.试验验证了该传感器系统的有效性.     

Intrinsic tactile sensing for the optimization of force distribution in a pipe crawling robot

Describes a tactile sensing system based on a force/torque sensor for the feet of a pipe crawling robot. Such a sensing system is needed for better optimization of force and joint load distribution and a safer avoidance of the risk of foot slippage. While conventional tactile sensing devices typically provide information concerning the spatial distribution of normal pressures, the intrinsic contact sensing system presented in this text only measures the three components of the contact force and two components of the resultant torque. These five parameters are shown to be sufficient to estimate the location of the contact point and hence the orientation of the local contact surface. Such information can then be used by the crawler's control system for the real-time computation of an optimized foot force distribution. The intrinsic tactile sensing method has been experimentally tested on a single leg test setup, while the optimization of force distribution is already functioning in the TUM Pipe Crawling Robot (only with a different, more unripe, sensing system for the contact orientations)     

基于TMS320F2812DSP的双足机器人样机设计

本文基于TMS320F2812DSP设计了一个十自由度双足步行机器人,对驱动与传感器电路进行了设计,规划了机器人的整体控制系统,采用了触力传感器和陀螺仪来检测步行信息,并成功实现了机器人的稳定行走。     

An Optical Sensor for Real-Time Positioning, Tracking, and Teaching of Industrial Robots

A real-time optical sensor has been integrated into a robot end effector. The sensor consists of a four-element position sensing spot, detector and can control a robot motion in two dimensions (two translational axes or translational and rotational axes). Analogical detection and signal analysis ensure fast response of the sensing system. The detecting system has been connected to the ``Unimation-Puma 600' robot, through its manual teach box, thus different tasks such as real-time path tracking, spot positioning, and teaching can be achieved. The sensor is simple in design and consequently inexpensive.     

基于视觉与行为模型的机器人目标跟踪

由于存在通信延时等问题，月球机器人必须具备一定智能来进行行为控制。Brooks提出机器人的包容结构理论重点在于强调机器人不同控制层间的联系，以及机器人不同行为功能的分配。本文提出一种视觉与行为模型，主要描述在同一控制层内视觉传感器与行为控制之间的关系，它将机器人的视觉行为与运动行为紧密联系起来，在运动的同时计算地面光流场变化来学习当前机器人动作状态，利用颜色信息的多窗口目标跟踪获取目标属性，最后采用强化学习方法，规划加器人动作．提高了运动控制的稳定度和精确席。     

轮式机器人直立控制研究及实现

如何保证机器人在两个轮子的支撑下一直保持直立,是研究轮式机器人实现站立的重点.以飞思卡尔公司生产的MC9S12XS128系列芯片为整个机器人直立系统信息处理和控制的核心,通过直立传感器中加速度计MMA7361L和陀螺仪ENC-03的检测,将两者的输出信号相互融合,计算出模型的倾斜角度,再利用PID算法得出相应的控制信号,输出给电机驱动,控制轮子的转动方向,从而达到修正角度的目的,实现机器人的直立控制.     

Signal Processing and Application of Six-axis Force/Torque Sensor Integrated in Humanoid Robot Foot

Six-axis force/torque sensor (F/T sensor) that can detect three orthogonal forces and torques has been extensively adopted in humanoid robot foot for stable control. Due to the F/T sensors being seriously influenced by the electromagnetic interference from ankle generator, signal stability of F/T sensor is still one of the main influencing factors for accurately dynamical and stable control. Though the problem with influencing electromagnetic noise can be solved generally and partially by shielding of the sensor and wires, this traditional method will to some extend face implementation difficulty induced by special mounting space and application environment especially in humanoid robot ankle. Therefore, the research on the output signal stability and precision of the F/T sensors has still been one of the most essential subjects for humanoid robot dynamic equilibrium control. In this paper, some various signal processing methods have been adopted and analyzed comparatively with the aim at the output signal anti-interference processing of F/T sensors. And the filtering effect and its feasibility were verified experimentally in the dynamic walking motion of humanoid robot platform BHR-2.     

Sensorintegration für Industrie-Robotersteuerungen

Robot applications applying external sensors can only be implemented with limitations using an industrial robot controller, or have to make use of a special controller. The presented activities of EMST aim at the development of an open and flexible robot control system suiting well for sensor applications. The main aspect of research is a sensor integration in an industrial control system being able to perform fast and complex interactions with robot movement.     

基于STM32的双足避障机器人设计

本文计了一种基于STM32的双足避障机器人,机器人主体使用超轻材质的铝合金搭建,结构稳定可靠,环境适应能力强.采用高性能的STM32单片机为系统主控芯片,配合外围传感器信息采集系统和舵机驱动控制系统,能够完成自主行走,躲避障碍,路径规划等任务.经实验验证,该机器人系统能很好的实现自主避障行走,可以有效减少机器人在避障行走中对环境的依赖性,满足设计要求.     

Sensor fusion for mobile robot navigation

We review techniques for sensor fusion in robot navigation, emphasizing algorithms for self-location. These find use when the sensor suite of a mobile robot comprises several different sensors, some complementary and some redundant. Integrating the sensor readings, the robot seeks to accomplish tasks such as constructing a map of its environment, locating itself in that map, and recognizing objects that should be avoided or sought. The review describes integration techniques in two categories: low-level fusion is used for direct integration of sensory data, resulting in parameter and state estimates; high-level fusion is used for indirect integration of sensory data in hierarchical architectures, through command arbitration and integration of control signals suggested by different modules. The review provides an arsenal of tools for addressing this (rather ill-posed) problem in machine intelligence, including Kalman filtering, rule-based techniques, behavior based algorithms, and approaches that borrow from information theory, Dempster-Shafer reasoning, fuzzy logic and neural networks.     

Fault-tolerant control system of flexible arm for sensor fault by using reaction force observer

In recent years, control system reliability has received much attention with increase of situations where computer-controlled systems such as robot control systems are used. In order to improve reliability, control systems need to have abilities to detect a fault (fault detection) and to maintain the stability and the control performance (fault tolerance). In this paper, we address the vibration suppression control of a one-link flexible arm robot. Vibration suppression is realized by an additional feedback of a strain gauge sensor attached to the arm besides motor position. However, a sensor fault (e.g., disconnection) may degrade the control performance and make the control system unstable at its worst. In this paper, we propose a fault-tolerant control system for strain gauge sensor fault. The proposed control system estimates a strain gauge sensor signal based on the reaction force observer and detects the fault by monitoring the estimation error. After fault detection, the proposed control system exchanges the faulty sensor signal for the estimated one and switches to a fault-mode controller so as to maintain the stability and the control performance. We apply the proposed control system to the vibration suppression control system of a one-link flexible arm robot and confirm the effectiveness of the proposed control system by some experiments.