骨肉分离机加工鸡骨架的试验研究

1 禽类骨肉分离机简介GRF-1型禽类骨肉分离机是黑龙江省农机化所研制成功的机械化剔肉去骨设备,已通过专家鉴定,其性能指标接近或达到世界先进水平。该设备广泛用于鸡鸭鹅兔的胴体或骨架的剔肉去骨作业,具有剔肉速度快,出肉率高等特点,加工后获得的肉糜,     

不同加工方法对食用骨泥主要营养成份的影响

目前,我国食用鲜骨泥的加工机械及加工方法较多,根据原料骨处理的过程,加工原理大体可分为:低温冷冻磨碎加工;常温磨碎加工;高温高压后磨碎加工．我们对各种加工方法生产的骨泥进行了研究,分析比较主要营养成份的变化,摸清各种加工方法对骨泥营养成份的影响．     

试析整鸡鸭出骨技术

整鸡、鸭出骨是将宰杀褪毛后的整只鸡鸭,剔出主要骨骼,保持其形体完整的刀工技法。经过这样处理的鸡鸭食用方便,便于烹调,菜肴形态美观,故一直受到各地烹饪界的重视。据《随园食单·蒸鸭》载,整鸡脱骨技术最早源于河北正定,距今已有200多年的历史。现今在河北等地已将这项技术列为厨师晋级考核的项目之一。 一、出骨步骤 鸡鸭的体形构造基本相同,出骨方法也大同小异,一般步骤是:     

畜禽骨的综合利用现状及发展前景

文章综述了畜禽骨的综合利用途径及常用加工技术,并阐述了目前畜禽骨加工的产品定位及产品特性,展望了畜禽骨加工的发展趋势.     

畜骨综合利用与产品开发研究进展

本文结合如何提高畜骨的食用价值,介绍了畜禽骨骼的成分及开发利用价值和综合利用的常用方法,同时对骨产品的研究进展进行介绍,并展望了畜骨加工的开发前景。     

鳗骨油的提取和分析

本文报道利用烤鳗加工副产品——鳗骨，提取富含ＤＨＡ和ＥＰＡ的鳗骨油的方法，并对鳗骨油的理化指标及ＦＡ组成进行了分析。     

补骨并干的生产

一、补骨并干的药理及疗效: 补骨并干主要是在一般并干面团中加入一定量的鸡鸭旦壳细粉做成。据化验旦壳中含碳酸钙93％、碳酸镁1％、磷酸镁0.5％、和5％的有机物质。有制酸止痛的功效、特别是它含钙量大,对人服后无付作用,能长期大剂量服用,所以,孕妇、儿童可以经常的,尽量吃我们生产的补骨并干。孕妇吃了可预防婴儿骨格发育不全,这真是防备于未然了:儿童常吃能预防小儿软骨病或治疗小儿软骨病。补骨并干还能治疗胃溃     

PY-1型膨化羽毛粉机

1 概述羽毛粉是利用家禽羽毛加工而成的一种新型的高蛋白饲料。据测定,鸡鸭鹅的羽毛,其粗蛋白含量高达85%～90%,还含有微量元素、维生素及一些未知的生长因子。羽毛     

新型鲜骨系列调味剂加工工艺

采用新型加工工艺和成套设备对鲜骨头进行高压蒸煮、酶解及美拉德反应等，制成骨油、香骨素、香骨酱和骨粉，将骨头全部综合利用，节约了资源，提高了经济效益和社会效益。     

骨蛋白水解的研究现状与发展前景

我国畜禽骨骼资源丰富,其营养物质含量丰富,尤其是蛋白和钙含量较高,但我国对畜禽骨的深加工利用率不足1%。针对国内外的骨骼开发利用状况进行阐述,对几种主要骨制品(骨蛋白和骨多肽)的特点,用途,加工工艺及研究现状做了较详尽的阐述。并预测了我国骨食品的开发前景。     

Effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on the growth performance of chickens and ducks for fattening and fatty acid composition of breast meat

The effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on feed intake, growth performance, carcass composition and fatty acid composition of meat tissue were investigated in broiler chickens and Pekin ducks. A total of 108 male chickens for fattening and a total of 96 male and 96 female Pekin ducks were allocated to 3 dietary treatments (0.0, 0.1 and 0.2?% CLA) and fed for 35 or 49?days. The results showed that 0.2?% CLA supplementation in the first 3?weeks improved the daily feed intake of the broilers and the feed to gain ratio, but did not significantly influence body weight, weight and the percentage of abdominal and visceral fat as well as the intramuscular fat in breast muscles. In the duck trial, the daily feed intake was significantly higher through the first 3?weeks of male control group and male 2?g CLA group compared with the female control group. The daily weight gain of all male ducks was significantly higher compared to female ducks of all groups and was not influenced by the CLA supplementation. The feed to gain ratio of the 1?g CLA-male ducks was lowest compared to male and female control ducks and 1 and 2?g CLA female ducks. Supplementing diets with CLA modified the fatty acid composition of breast muscle. The proportion of CLA was increased in broiler meat. In duck meat, the proportions of CLA, saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids were increased and monounsaturated fatty acids were decreased.     

Effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on the growth performance of chickens and ducks for fattening and fatty acid composition of breast meat

The effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on feed intake, growth performance, carcass composition and fatty acid composition of meat tissue were investigated in broiler chickens and Pekin ducks. A total of 108 male chickens for fattening and a total of 96 male and 96 female Pekin ducks were allocated to 3 dietary treatments (0.0, 0.1 and 0.2 % CLA) and fed for 35 or 49 days. The results showed that 0.2 % CLA supplementation in the first 3 weeks improved the daily feed intake of the broilers and the feed to gain ratio, but did not significantly influence body weight, weight and the percentage of abdominal and visceral fat as well as the intramuscular fat in breast muscles. In the duck trial, the daily feed intake was significantly higher through the first 3 weeks of male control group and male 2 g CLA group compared with the female control group. The daily weight gain of all male ducks was significantly higher compared to female ducks of all groups and was not influenced by the CLA supplementation. The feed to gain ratio of the 1 g CLA-male ducks was lowest compared to male and female control ducks and 1 and 2 g CLA female ducks. Supplementing diets with CLA modified the fatty acid composition of breast muscle. The proportion of CLA was increased in broiler meat. In duck meat, the proportions of CLA, saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids were increased and monounsaturated fatty acids were decreased.     

葛根素对21日龄樱桃谷鸭钙磷代谢的影响

选用健康的1日龄的樱桃谷鸭128只,在基础日粮预饲一周后,分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加不同水平葛根素的日粮,于21日龄屠宰对血清及骨骼里的钙、磷及相关指标进行检测.结果表明:低水平的葛根素(5 mg/kg)对骨的形成有利,可以有效阻止骨的吸收,促进骨的形成;高水平的葛根素对骨的形成不利,其主要作用机理是雌激素样作用.     

水禽骨泥营养成分分析

分析测定了鸭、鹅两种水禽骨泥的常规营养成分、矿物质元素和氨基酸组成。测试结果表明:鸭、鹅骨泥中的水分、蛋白质、脂肪和灰分的含量接近,蛋白质含量较高,分别为18.82%和16.86%;鸭、鹅骨泥均含有多种矿物质元素,其中钠元素含量最高,分别为2 120.08mg/kg和3 701.49mg/kg;鸭、鹅骨泥均含有17种氨基酸,其中必需氨基酸7种,谷氨酸含量最高,其次是天门冬氨酸,而蛋氨酸含量最低。     

家禽毛羽形态结构观测与分析

利用光学显微镜和电子显微镜对鸡、鸭、鸽3种家禽不同部位的羽毛、羽绒进行了观察,研究了鸡毛、鸭毛、鸽毛以及鸡绒、鸭绒、鸽绒的外观形态结构,尤其对羽毛羽小枝两侧的不同结构做了较详细的比较与描述,并通过理论分析揭示了家禽羽毛纤维的结构形态特征。     

宰前倒挂应激对鸭血凝胶特性的影响

宰前倒挂因能有效提高屠宰效率成为肉鸭宰杀前必经的一个工艺过程，但倒挂往往会加剧肉鸭的应激程度，影响其血液品质，已成为工厂生产中亟待解决的问题。因此，本实验旨在借助血液学与凝血相关指标探究宰前倒挂应激对鸭血凝胶特性的影响。在屠宰前，将40 只樱桃谷鸭随机分为2 个处理组：对照组和宰前倒挂组（宰前倒挂2.5 min），屠宰后采集血样并制备血凝块，随后分析血液指标（应激指标、血液学指标、凝血指标）以及鸭血凝胶特性。结果表明，宰前倒挂组鸭血中皮质酮激素及促肾上腺皮质激素的水平均高于对照组，说明实验所建立宰前倒挂模型成立。倒挂应激后，红细胞计数、血小板计数、血红蛋白质量浓度增加，红细胞比容、平均红细胞体积及平均血小板体积增大；凝血酶原的水平极显著上升（P＜0.01），组织因子的水平显著上升（P＜0.05）。宰前倒挂最终导致鸭血凝胶化加快，鸭血凝胶体系中水分迁移速率增大，结合水与自由水比例减少，不易流动水比例增大，质构特性和保水性变差。研究揭示了宰前倒挂应激通过影响鸭血的血液学指标和凝血系统从而改变其凝胶行为及凝胶特性，可为工厂改善应激对鸭血凝胶品质的影响提供理论依据。     

The cytochrome c content of various poultry meats

The cytochrome c content and total haem pigments in the breast and thigh meat of broiler chickens, hens out of lay, turkeys, geese, duckling (Peking), and muscovy ducks were determined. The levels of cytochrome c in the breast and thigh meat were: for chicken 11.4 and 35.5; for hens 14.0 and 84.2; for turkeys 13.1 and 47.4; for geese 141.0 and 107.8; for duckling 111.2 and 149.9 and for muscovy ducks 81.5 and 97.3 μg per g of tissue, respectively. The correlation coefficient between cytochrome c and total haem pigments concentration was r=0.98 for breast, and r=0.85 for thigh meat. The authors postulate that the cytochrome c may play a noticeable role in the colour of fresh and processed poultry meat, but further investigations are needed to confirm this.     

谷氨酸菌体蛋白（SCP）的利用

本文论述了采用 ＨＤＢ－５０型碟片式离心机，从味精提取母液中分离菌体蛋白的方法。     

Use of oyster shell as calcium supplement. Part 2. An assessment of the responses of hepatic and serum enzymes, relative organ weights, and bone mineralization in the broiler chicken fed gossypol-containing cottonseed cake supplemented with oyster shell

The role of oyster shell as calcium supplement in the utilization of gossypol-containing cottonseed cake (CSC) was assessed using Hypeco broiler chickens. The results showed that of the organ measured, only the relative weight of the spleen was significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased by oyster shell supplementation in the CSC diets. Spleen weight correlated negatively (r = -0.45) with dietary calcium. Alkaline phosphatase activity in the liver was significantly (P less than 0.05) increased due to the levels of oyster shell supplemented while the activities of serum and liver alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were not significantly influenced. The results also showed that although oyster shell supplementation generally increased alkaline phosphatase activity, bone mineralization was relatively uninfluenced as judged by the low coefficients of variation (CV) of 3.14-3.51% and 3.39-4.82% for calcium and phosphorus content in the femur and tibia respectively.     

Comparison of characteristic components from chickens of different genotype kept in intensive and extensive farming systems

Male and female Broiler chickens and male of Transylvanian naked-neck chickens kept in extensive and intensive farming systems were investigated. The leg and chest muscle of these chickens were used for the analysis. Muscle weight and muscle to bone ratio were significantly higher but protein content had a lower tendence in the muscle of Broiler chickens kept intensively as compared to the extensive way. There was no difference in the level of cholesterol between the animals from the two farming systems although the fat contents were much higher in the chickens kept intensively. The level of conjugated dienes and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were found significantly less in the muscles of Broiler chickens kept extensively than those raised intensively which may be related to the lower fat content. Extensive farming system proved to be superior for Broiler (mainly in legs) and Transylvanian naked-neck chickens in the aspect of lowered lipid peroxidation and significant higher iron, zinc and thiamin levels. The higher protein and zinc levels showed a relationship with the better water binding capacity (WBC) in the legs of Broiler chickens kept extensively. Myristic and palmitic acid concentration in the fatty acid composition were higher in intensive Broilers as compared to the chickens kept extensively.