Antibacterial Property of Martensitic Stainless Steel Generated by Cu Ion Implantation

ION IMPLANTATION is a promising techniquepermitting of the surface properties improvement formetal materials.It had used in many industrydepartments,especially,it was used for the successfulsolution of many problems associated with hardness,wear and corrosion of metal surface[1-4].Howeverresearch on antibacterial stainless steel by copper ionimplantation method has not been reported till now.In this study,we report a special antibacterialtreatment after copper ions implantation intomarte…     

EFFECT OF COPPER IMPLANTATION ON ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL

1.IntroductionThe consciousness of hygiene safety and cleanliness has been rapidly raised because of the inci-dents caused by injurious germs' spread. In response to such circumstances, many antibacterial pro-ducts such as sanitation fixture, plastic products and articles of clothing have been developed in various fields[1]. So the subjects of study on stainless steel with antibacterial activity have been paid to more and more attention[2,3]. Ion implantation is a promising technique permittin…     

N / Ti / Al 离子注入 304 不锈钢的耐磨性

目的研究N,Ti,Al离子注入对304不锈钢耐磨性的影响规律,为304不锈钢材料的改良提供参考。方法采用等离子注入技术,在不同剂量下对304不锈钢分别进行N,Ti,Al离子注入,对离子注入后的试样进行表面微观形貌观测、表面硬度测试、摩擦磨损性能测试,并与304不锈钢基材进行对比。结果 304不锈钢经3种离子注入后,均能获得平整、致密,没有裂纹,具有一定光洁度的表面组织,但是注入剂量增大会引起表面起泡现象,形成多孔形貌,光洁度降低。此外,3种离子注入均能提高304不锈钢的表面硬度,且高剂量注入试样的硬度比低剂量注入试样更高,相较而言,N离子注入使表面硬度的提高更明显。相比未注入基材,注N与注Ti表面层的摩擦系数均变小,注Al表面层的摩擦系数反而变大,但磨损量都明显降低。高剂量注N、注Al试样的耐磨性均高于低剂量注入试样,而高剂量注Ti试样的耐磨性低于低剂量注入试样,但仍好于注N、注Al试样。结论在相同实验条件与注入工艺下,N离子注入对表面硬度提高最显著(剂量为5.0×1017ions/cm2),约提高41%;Ti离子注入对耐磨性提高最显著(剂量为3.0×1017ions/cm2),约提高6倍。     

EFFECTS OF COPPER ION IMPLANTATION ON ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF AISI420 STAINLESS STEEL

1.IntroductionStainlesssteel(SS)isoften used in kitchenw ares,m edicalapparatusand facilitiesoffood process-ing. The existing and breeding ofm icroorganism on the surfaceofSS productsdo notm eethealth crite-ria and m ay do harm to people'shealth.W ith the…     

不锈钢表面含Cu功能梯度复合改性层的制备及抗菌性能

为提高奥氏体不锈钢(ASS)的耐磨性及赋予其抗菌性能,应用改进的活性屏离子渗氮(ASPN)技术,将纯铜冲孔板置于不锈钢冲孔板上面作为活性屏的顶盖,对316奥氏体不锈钢在低温下(430℃)进行表面渗氮处理,在其表面形成由含Cu抗菌沉积层和S相(氮在奥氏体中的过饱和固溶体γ_N)硬质支撑层组成的功能梯度复合改性层。用扫描电镜(SEM)及其所附能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)表征复合改性层的组织形貌、成分及相结构。用显微硬度计和往复摩擦磨损试验机测试了基体和复合改性层的显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能,用金黄色葡萄球菌进行体外抗菌试验评价复合改性层的抗菌性能。结果表明,在偏压达到250 V后,形成了连续分布的硬质S相扩散层和含Cu沉积层组成的复合改性层。改性层表面最高硬度可达928 HV0.05,与Si₃N₄小球对磨时比磨损率较基体降低约57.76%,显著提高了不锈钢的耐磨性。抗菌试验表明,复合改性层与金黄色葡萄球菌接触24 h后,对金黄色葡萄球菌抗菌率提高到98.5%。改进的活性屏离子渗氮技术制备的功能梯度复合改性层可以有效提高...     

抗菌处理对含Cu奥氏体抗菌不锈钢组织和性能的影响

研究了含Cu奥氏体抗菌不锈钢的两种抗菌处理方法对其组织、抗菌性能、机械性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:不同的抗菌处理影响了抗菌不锈钢基体中富Cu相的析出,低温长时间抗菌处理得到的组织中富Cu相比高温短时间抗菌处理得到的富Cu相更细密,细密的富Cu相对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌性更好。与304不锈钢相比,含Cu奥氏体抗菌不锈钢经抗菌处理后对机械性能没有产生明显的影响,耐腐蚀性也没有明显的下降。     

Cu离子注入A304不锈钢抗菌机理研究

采用MEVVA源离子注入机对A304不锈钢进行饱和剂量的Cu离子注入,通过后期的热处理,所得样品对大肠杆菌、金霉球菌的抗菌效果达到97.6%和99.1%.Cu、O离子的价态在热处理前后发生明显改变,注入的Cu以某种弥散析出相存在.对吸附细菌中的氧起到抗菌效果.     

Analysis on Internal Oxidation Technology of Al in Cu—Al Pre--Alloyed Powders

通过在铁素体和奥氏体不锈钢中添加适量Cu，经过特殊的抗菌处理，使不锈钢具有了优良的抗菌特性．探索了含Cu不锈钢经过抗菌处理后抗菌析出相的分布和形貌，抗菌检测结果表明，含有一定量Cu的铁素体和奥氏体不锈钢显示出了很强的广谱抗菌性能．在生物电镜下观察到抗菌钢表面细菌形态的改变与组织液溢出现象．     

含铜抗菌不锈钢的抗菌特性研究

研究了铁素体和奥氏体含铜抗菌不锈钢的抗菌特性及相关机制.实验结果表明,含铜抗菌不锈钢具有优良的广谱杀菌作用,对本文选择的大部分革兰氏阴性菌(G-)和革兰氏阳性菌(G )的杀灭率均在99.0%以上.通过铁素体抗菌不锈钢对大肠杆菌作用不同时间的研究证明,抗菌不锈钢的杀菌率和其与细菌作用时间有关,铁素体抗菌不锈钢与大肠杆菌作用150 min左右时间后的杀菌率才会达到99.9%的最大值.原子力显微镜的观察表明,抗菌不锈钢对大肠杆菌的杀灭表现为菌体内大量物质流失,细菌出现干瘪现象.电化学实验结果表明,抗菌不锈钢与大肠杆菌作用后,会由于其表面抗菌相中铜离子溶出的加快,而表现为其耐点蚀电位的下降.     

机械滚压对304L不锈钢组织和性能的影响

采用表面机械滚压处理(SMRT)方法,分别在室温空气中和液氮中对304L不锈钢进行处理,制备出了纳米晶表层.用OM,SEM,XRD和TEM对试样组织结构的演变进行了分析;通过测定试样表层到内部的硬度研究了SMRT对试样硬度的影响.结果表明,试样表层形成了晶粒取向各异的纳米晶组织,晶粒尺寸与处理环境和处理次数有关.SMRT还使试样内部产生了大量的机械孪晶和内晶界,使试样发生了显著的马氏体相变.硬度显著提高并随距试样表面的距离的增加减小.SMRT与传统的表面纳米化方法相比,可以在不同的温度和介质环境下对试样进行表面纳米化,并能形成较厚的硬化层,而且工业化前景较好.     

表面抗菌不锈钢的研究进展

抗菌不锈钢是一种新型的抗菌材料,拥有抗菌性强、耐高温塑性好、自身无菌等良好的特性,在医疗、食品、公共卫生等领域有很好的应用前景.在实际应用中,抗菌不锈钢主要应用其表面的抗菌性能,因此,表面抗菌不锈钢较之其他产品有更高的研究价值.综述了表面抗菌不锈钢的研究进展,主要包括表面涂层型抗菌不锈钢和表面改性型抗菌不锈钢的制备工艺,以及不同类产品的抗菌能力.结果表明,目前表面抗菌不锈钢在制备及使用过程中所面临的问题主要是对生产设备和技术要求高,产品耐磨性差,当前的技术难以达到大量制备表面抗菌不锈钢的要求.结合电沉积法的特点及扩散特性,以及利用电沉积扩散法在制备抗菌不锈钢方面的应用情况,指出利用电沉积扩散法在不锈钢基体表面制备抗菌镀层将是未来制备表面抗菌不锈钢的主要发展方向.     

Effect of tempering temperature on the microstructure,corrosion resistance,and antibacterial properties of Cu-bearing martensitic stainless steel

In this study, the effects of tempering temperature on the microstructure, hardness, antibacterial performance and corrosion resistance of Cu-bearing 5Cr15MoV martensitic stainless steel (5Cr15MoV-Cu MSS) were investigated using an optical microscope, a scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, a transmission electron microscope, an antibacterial test, electrochemical measurements, and the salt spray test. The results showed that the hardness curve had a saddle shape and its values reached the peak value after tempering at 500°C, due to the secondary hardening effect by the precipitation of tiny secondary carbides and Cu-rich precipitates. In addition, the antibacterial results also showed excellent antibacterial performance against Escherichia coli at 500°C because of the formation of Cu-rich precipitates. Results of corrosion tests indicated that the corrosion resistance decreased gradually with an increase of the tempering temperature. In particular, the passivation did not occur when the tempering temperature was above 500°C, which may be related to the Cu-rich precipitates and Cr depletion.     

抗菌处理对含铜铁素体不锈钢组织和性能的影响

试验钢进行了固溶及时效的抗菌处理,分析和研究了处理后含铜铁素体不锈钢组织和性能.采用不锈钢电解抛光技术与背散射电子的晶体取向衬度成像原理相结合,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)及能谱仪(EDS)对析出相形状、大小、分布及其成分进行了研究,测定和对比了试验钢抗菌处理前后的力学性能、杯突值和硬度值.研究结果表明:抗菌处理后试验钢具有优良的抗菌性能和深冲性,为该种材料用于抗菌制品工业化生产提供了依据.     

时效温度对15-5PH不锈钢组织及耐蚀性的影响

随时效温度的增加马氏体组织逐渐细化,马氏体板条间析出NbC颗粒;当时效温度达到550 ℃时有球状富Cu相析出。580 ℃开始有较弱的奥氏体衍射峰出现,即在时效中发生了马氏体向奥氏体的逆转变,620 ℃时,富Cu相由共格相转变为非共格相并聚集长大呈短棒状;随着时效温度的升高,腐蚀失重率逐渐增大,自腐蚀电位依次降低,电化学阻抗值不断减小,耐蚀性降低。     

基于镀锡银钎料钎焊304不锈钢接头的腐蚀行为

为揭示304不锈钢钎焊接头的腐蚀行为,以BAg50CuZn钎料为基材,采用电镀扩散工艺制备AgCuZnSn钎料,对304不锈钢进行感应钎焊,在60 ℃,3.5% NaCl溶液中评价不锈钢接头的局部腐蚀性,借助扫描电镜对其腐蚀形貌进行分析. 结果表明,经NaCl溶液腐蚀后,钎缝与不锈钢界面出现较长的腐蚀沟;304不锈钢表面腐蚀较严重,存在大范围坑洞、裂纹等缺欠,而钎缝区几乎无腐蚀缺欠,优先被腐蚀的是富铜相. 随着腐蚀时间延长,钎缝和304不锈钢的腐蚀速率均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,钎缝腐蚀速率略低于母材;腐蚀2.5 h后,钎缝区和304不锈钢的平均腐蚀速率分别为0.098和0.104 g/(m2·h).     

热处理对注入氢离子的C-SiC涂层表面成分的影响

采用中频磁控溅射结合离子束混合技术在不锈钢基体上制备C-SiC涂层。对制备的涂层进行能量5 keV、剂量1×1018 ions/cm2的氢离子注入,模拟涂层阻止氢渗透。之后,分别将样品从273 K加入到1173 K。采用SEM、XPS和 SIMS分析表面形貌、表面成分及各元素的深度分布。结果表明,不同温度的加热处理使涂层的成分发生变化,在723 K以下温度处理时,C-50%SiC涂层仍能保持非常好的氢阻止性能,在1023 K以上温度处理时,涂层不再具有阻氢性能。     

Influence of Implantation Dose on the High-Temperature Oxidation of Al-Implanted AISI-321 Steel

The influence of implantation dose on the oxidation behavior of AISI-321 stainless steel was investigated. The steel samples were implanted with Al⁺ ions of energy 40 keV (doses, 0.5 to 3×10¹⁷ ions/cm²) and oxidized in air at 650°C for 48 hr. For comparison purposes, samples were also implanted with a dose of 2×10¹⁷ ions/cm² of energy 200 keV and treated in a similar way. Nuclear-reaction analysis (NRA) and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) were used in order to investigate the oxidized samples and to determine the oxygen-depth distribution on the implanted samples. The depth distribution of the steel constituents was determined by secondary-ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), whereas X-ray diffraction (XRD) was applied to the investigation of the formed oxide scales. The composition and the morphology of the modified region were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS). Al-implantation improves the oxidation resistance of the steel and affects the thermal behavior of the material depending on the implantation dose and energy. The influence of the implantation dose and energy are discussed and mechanisms to explain the experimental results are proposed.     

Ni含量对0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb不锈钢富铜相析出的影响

研究了不同Ni含量的0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb不锈钢在1040℃固溶后油冷和炉冷(均进行480℃时效,分别表示为OC、FC试样)两种热处理工艺下的力学性能和微观组织变化规律,通过力学性能测试、SEM和TEM观察,探讨了Ni含量对力学性能和富铜相析出的影响.研究表明:FC试样的强度由于炉冷过程中析出了粗大的富铜相而显著低于OC试样的;随Ni含量的提高,两种试样的强度均增加,但差距在缩小,其原因是炉冷过程中析出的富铜相尺寸逐渐细小,表明Ni可以提高了Cu在γ相区的溶解度,延缓了固溶后炉冷过程中的富铜相析出;随时效温度的提高,不同Ni含量试验钢的强度降低,且Ni含量高的试验钢强度降低更显著;随Ni含量的提高,时效过程中富铜相的形核速率和长大速度增加,表明Ni降低了Cu在钢中的扩散激活能.     

Study of the Antibacterial Behavior of Wire Arc Sprayed Copper Coatings

Antibacterial surfaces such as silver and copper coated areas reduce risk of bacterial growth considerably. In this study, wire arc spraying has been utilized to produce an antibacterial copper coating with ultrafine microstructure on stainless steel substrate. The chemical composition, microstructure, and surface morphology of copper coatings were characterized with x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. Determination of thickness and adhesion of the coating were investigated. The antibacterial property of copper coatings was analyzed by both gram negative Escherichia coli NCTC 10418 and gram positive Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 11047. The antibacterial performance of coatings was compared to that of stainless steel 316 and a micrograin structure of the commercially available copper. Results indicated that the as-sprayed copper coatings have excellent antibacterial behavior compared to stainless steel and micrograin copper, which can be attributed to the presence of the ultrafine grain size, micropores, and crystallographic defects in the microstructure.     

热处理工艺对新型抗菌刀具用钢微观组织和性能的影响

以实验室研发的高碳高铬50Cr15MoV含Cu抗菌刀具用钢为研究材料,采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和维氏硬度计研究了其在不同热处理工艺下的微观组织和力学性能变化,探索了50Cr15MoV含Cu新型刀具用钢最佳热处理工艺。结果表明,50Cr15MoV含Cu刀具用钢的硬度在正火温度低于1050 ℃时逐渐升高,高于1050 ℃后逐渐降低,并随着回火温度的升高而逐渐下降,同时,50Cr15MoV含Cu刀具用钢经过500 ℃时效30 min后,由于富Cu相的析出,获得良好的抗菌性能,因此50Cr15MoV含Cu刀具用钢最佳热处理工艺为1050 ℃正火保温30 min后油淬+200 ℃回火保温90 min后空冷+500 ℃时效30 min后空冷。