基于类边界壳向量的快速SVM增量学习算法

为进一步提高SVM增量训练的速度,在有效保留含有重要分类信息的历史样本的基础上,对当前增量训练样本集进行了约简,提出了一种基于类边界壳向量的快速SVM增量学习算法,定义了类边界壳向量。算法中增量训练样本集由壳向量集和新增样本集构成,在每一次增量训练过程中,首先从几何角度出发求出当前训练样本集的壳向量,然后利用中心距离比值法选择出类边界壳向量后进行增量SVM训练。分别使用人工数据集和UCI标准数据库中的数据进行了实验,结果表明了方法的有效性。     

大样本情况下的一种新的SVM迭代算法

针对SVM方法在大样本情况下学习和分类速度慢的问题，提出了大样本情况下的一种新的SVM迭代训练算法。该算法利用K均值聚类算法对训练样本集进行压缩，将聚类中心作为初始训练样本集，减少了样本间的冗余，提高了学习速度。同时为了保证学习的精度，采用往初始训练样本集中加入边界样本和错分样本的策略来更新训练样本集，迭代训练直到错分样本数目不变为止。该文提出的基于K均值聚类的SVM迭代算法能在保持学习精度的同时，减小训练样本集及决策函数的支持向量集的规模，从而提高学习和分类的速度。     

基于中间分类超平面的SVM入侵检测

在网络入侵检测中,大规模数据集会导致支持向量机(SVM)方法训练时间长、检测速度慢。针对该问题,提出一种基于中间分类超平面的SVM入侵检测方法。通过对正常和攻击样本的聚类分析,定义聚类簇中心的边界面接近度因子,实现对标准SVM二次式的改进;用簇中心对其训练,获取一个接近最优超平面的中间分类超平面;确定距离阈值,以选取潜在支持向量,实现训练样本的缩减。在KDDCUP1999数据集上进行实验,结果表明,与聚类支持向量机方法相比,该方法能简化训练样本,提高SVM的训练和检测速度。     

核向量机与支持向量机相结合的二阶段快速学习方法

支持向量机(SVM)作为一种有效的模式分类方法,当数据集规模较大时,学习时间长、泛化能力下降;而核向量机(CVM)分类算法的时间复杂度与样本规模无关,但随着支持向量的增加,CVM的学习时间会快速增长。针对以上问题,提出一种CVM与SVM相结合的二阶段快速学习算法(CCS),首先使用CVM初步训练样本,基于最小包围球(MEB)筛选出潜在核向量,构建新的最有可能影响问题解的训练样本,以此降低样本规模,并使用标记方法快速提取新样本;然后对得到的新训练样本使用SVM进行训练。通过在6个数据集上与SVM和CVM进行比较,实验结果表明,CCS在保持分类精度的同时训练时间平均减少了30%以上,是一种有效的大规模分类学习算法。     

基于密度和粒子群的SVM算法研究

针对SVM算法在训练过程中,对于训练样本集过大,导致训练过程中的冗余样本和噪声会使划分超平面受到影响,于是提出使用基于密度的裁剪方法对训练样本进行裁剪,去除样本集的噪声和冗余样本,优化分类超平面的划分,提高分类准确率。而在SVM算法中的惩罚因子C和核函数g对于分类性能影响较大。提出基于粒子群算法对SVM算法进行改进,通过粒子群算法优化惩罚因子C和核参数g。使用样本集对改进算法进行实验论证,该方法确实有效地提升了SVM分类性能。     

改进的图半监督支持向量机用于P2P网络流识别

对于机器学习在P2P网络流识别中需要大量标记训练数据的问题,提出一种基于改进图半监督支持向量机的P2P流识别方法。采用自动调节的高斯核函数计算少量标识数据和大量未标识训练样本之间的相似距离以构建图模型,并在标记传播过程中嵌入训练样本局部分布信息以获取未标记样本的标识;在此基础上使用所有已标记样本对SVM训练实现P2P网络流识别。实验结果表明该方法能够兼顾整个训练样本集的信息,在提高SVM识别精度的同时,极大降低了人工标记训练样本的成本。     

基于样本密度的SVM及其在入侵检测中的应用

针对网络数据集过于庞大，学习速度过慢的问题，提出了一种基于空间块和样本密度的SVM算法，并将其应用到入侵检测中。该算法根据样本的局部密度选择训练样本，减少参加训练的样本数量，提高学习速度。实验结果表明，该算法在保证检测精度的同时，学习速度快于传统SVM入侵检测方法。     

基于余弦相似度的边界样本选择方法

卷积神经网络模型的训练通常需要大量的训练样本,导致训练时间过长。针对这一问题,本文提出一种基于余弦相似度的边界样本选择方法,选取边界样本构造训练集。通过该方法分别对MNIST,CIFAR10,SVHN数据集进行样本选择,利用卷积神经网络分类器进行实验研究。实验结果表明：该方法能够保留训练集中的典型样本,剔除冗余样本,从而减少训练样本的数量,缩短网络训练时间,提高网络学习效率。     

基于自适应边界向量提取的多尺度v-支持向量机建模

针对v-支持向量机(v-SVM)用于大规模、多峰样本建模时易出现训练速度慢和回归精度低的问题,提出基于边界向量提取的多尺度v-SVM建模方法.该方法采用一种自适应边界向量提取算法,从训练样本中预提取出包含全部支持向量的边界向量集,以缩减训练样本规模,并通过求解多尺度v-SVM二次规划问题获取全局最优回归模型,从多个尺度上对复杂分布样本进行逼近.仿真结果表明,基于边界向量提取的多尺度v-SVM比v-SVM具有更好的回归结果.     

多类SVM分类算法的研究和改进

介绍分析了SVM基础理论和目前多类SVM分类算法及其优缺点,提出了一种边界向量抽取算法,并基于该算法改进了1ar和1a1两种多类SVM算法。实验结果表明该边界向量抽取算法可以有效的减少训练样本的数量,在保持分类器推广能力的条件下缩短SVM的训练时间,特别是在大样本训练数据时1arΔ可以提供最好的训练性能。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。