氟硼酸钾对镁合金的除铁作用及组织结构的影响

通过热力学计算和实验,研究了氟硼酸钾(KBF4)对AZ91镁合金熔体除铁的可行性和除铁效果.结果表明:在740℃,加入镁合金量1.2%的KBF4进行精炼处理,并保温静置30 min,可使合金中铁含量从0.0237%降到0.0032%.5%NaCI溶液浸蚀实验表明,镁合金的腐蚀速率从除铁前的55.3 mg·cm-2·day-1降到除铁后的4.5 mg·cm-2·day-1.在利用KBF4对镁合金熔体除铁的同时,又能使合金晶粒得到显著细化.     

加工态与铸造态的AZ40镁合金阳圾氧化耐蚀性对比

利用正交试验确定了阳极氧化电解液配方,通过比较铸造态和加工态AZ40镁合金金相组织、阳极氧化膜表面形貌、极化曲线,解释加工状态对AZ40镁合金阳极氧化耐蚀性的影响.结果表明,加工态镁合金的腐蚀速率为87.732 02 mg/(m2.h),铸造态镁合金的腐蚀速率为106.37 mg/(m2·h).由于加工态镁合金的合金元素参与阳极氧化,使膜层结合更致密,表面几乎没有裂纹,对基体更具有保护性.     

净化处理对Mg-Gd-Y-Zr镁合金耐蚀性的影响(英文)

在真空和非真空条件下对Mg-Gd-Y-Zr镁合金进行过滤净化处理。利用OM和SEM方法分析合金中夹杂物的种类、形貌、尺寸分布和体积分数;利用盐雾实验和电化学测试研究Mg-Gd-Y-Zr镁合金中夹杂物对合金耐蚀性的影响。结果表明:过滤净化处理可以有效地去除合金中的夹杂物;通过净化处理,合金中的夹杂物平均尺寸从12.7μm减小到2.0μm,夹杂物的平均体积分数从0.30%降低到0.04%;随着合金中夹杂物尺寸的减小,盐雾腐蚀实验中合金的腐蚀速率从38.8g/(m2·d)减少到2.4g/(m2·d);在电化学实验中,腐蚀电流密度减小,极化电阻升高,Mg-Gd-Y-Zr镁合金的耐蚀性得到了提高。     

Mn含量对含铁AZ91镁合金铸态组织与性能的影响

本文采用金相显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)、INSTRON5882万能材料试验机和失重法研究了Mn含量(WMn=0.1%、0.2%、0.5%和0.9%)对含铁AZ91镁合金的铸态显微组织、力学性能和腐蚀性能的影响.研究结果表明:在本试验条件下,合金的铸态组织主要由α一Mg+β-Mg17Al12+Al16Mn等相组成;适宜的Mn加入量可以细化合金组织,提高合金的力学性能;含Mn量为0.2%时可获得较好的力学性能,其抗拉强度和伸长率分别为149MPa和1.40%;Mn的加入还能显著提高含铁AZ91镁合金的耐蚀性能,当Mn含量由0.1%增加到0.9%时,合金的腐蚀速率由41.7mg/(cm2·d)降为0.7mg/(cm2·d).     

镁合金微弧氧化膜的SiO2溶胶封孔处理研究

以正硅酸乙酯为原料,乙醇为溶剂,盐酸为催化剂制备了SiO2溶胶封孔剂.该封孔剂的傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)中含有Si-O-Si键的伸缩振动吸收峰,证明了SiO2微粒存在,而且干凝胶的Si-O-Si键的伸缩振动吸收峰强度不随热处理温度的变化而变化,表明封孔剂有良好的高温稳定性.SiO2溶胶封孔剂可浸入镁合金微弧氧化膜的微孔,形成有效封孔.封孔处理可使镁合金微弧氧化试样的腐蚀速率由106 mg/(m2·h)降至32 mg/(m2·h),而且封孔处理还可显著提高镁合金微弧氧化试样在410 ℃下的抗氧化性能,对镁合金基体有很好的保护作用.     

MnCl2对镁合金废旧料组织性能的影响

利用等离子发射光谱仪、金相分析、电镜、万能电子材料试验机、腐蚀试验等方法研究了含有不同量的MnCl2熔剂对镁合金废旧料的力学性能、组织、断口形貌以及腐蚀行为的影响。研究表明,MnCl2可以降低镁合金废旧料中的Fe含量,同时会增加镁合金的Mn量,使用含MnCl2的熔剂可将镁废旧料中的Fe含量降到0 0072%以下。采用含MnCl2的熔剂可以提高试样的σb和δ。当合金中的Mn量超过一定程度后,对镁合金的力学性能会产生不利的影响。金相观察表明,净化处理对断口形貌无明显的影响,不改变AZ91镁合金的断裂机理,断口均成准解理断裂。腐蚀试验表明,采用含30%MnCl2的熔剂可以使试样的腐蚀速率从20 9mg/(cm2·d)降到6 4mg/(cm2·d)。     

Na2B4O7对镁合金旧料组织和性能的影响

利用等离子发射光谱仪、电镜、X衍射、万能材料试验机、腐蚀试验等手段研究了不同Na2B4O7含量的熔剂对镁合金废旧料的力学性能、相组成、断口形貌以及腐蚀行为的影响.研究表明,使用含Na2B4O7的熔剂可以使镁合金旧料中Fe的质量分数降低到0.004%以下,同时提高材料的抗拉强度和伸长率.腐蚀试验表明含Na2B4O7的质量分数为20%的熔剂可以使材料的腐蚀速率从15.1 mg*cm-2*d-1降低到0.4 mg*cm-2*d-1.电镜观察和X衍射表明,净化处理对断口形貌和相组成没有明显影响.最后分析了Na2B4O7除铁的机理,认为Fe与B形成某种化合物沉淀下来是主要原因.     

添加稀土Er于熔剂中对铸态AZ91镁合金组织与性能的影响

研究了熔炼时在熔剂(42%MnCl2 53%LiCl 5?F2,质量分数,%)中添加稀土Er对铸态AZ91镁合金显微组织、力学性能、断口形貌以及腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明:在熔剂中添加稀土Er能够去除镁合金熔炼过程中产生的熔剂夹杂,净化镁合金熔体,提高铸态AZ91镁合金的拉伸性能和耐腐蚀性能;当熔剂中添加10%的稀土Er时,镁合金的抗拉强度σb和伸长率δ分别从156MPa和1.8%上升到最大值220MPa和4.1%;同时,镁合金在5%NaCl水溶液中的腐蚀速率从1.20mg/(cm2.d)下降到最小值0.15mg/(cm2.d);然而,随着稀土Er在熔剂中添加量的进一步提高,合金中开始有φ-(Al7ErMn5)和τ-(Al66.7Mg23.3Er10)等含有稀土Er的相生成,消耗了合金中的Al和Mn元素,改变了β-(Mg17Al12)相的形态;而且沿枝晶界附近分布的粗大φ-(Al7ErMn5)相降低了枝晶之间的结合力,使得合金的σb和δ下降;同时,部分网状的β-(Mg17Al12)相断裂,呈离散的块状,导致合金的腐蚀速率增加;熔剂中添加稀土Er不改变镁合金的断裂机理,断裂机制仍为准解理断裂。     

稀土元素La对Mg-6Al-5Pb镁合金组织和腐蚀电化学行为的影响

利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)等检测分析稀土元素La对Mg-6%Al-5%Pb(AP65)镁合金(质量分数)显微组织的影响,并采用恒电流法、动电位极化扫描法和析氢法研究La含量对AP65镁合金的腐蚀电化学性能的影响。结果表明:加入La能够使AP65镁合金α-Mg组织得到细化,生成针状稀土相Mg80(Al,La)17和块状稀土相Mg17(Al,La)12;添加La提高了AP65镁合金的电化学活性、耐腐蚀性能和阳极效率,使AP65的平均电位负移;当La含量为2%(质量分数)时,平均电位最负为-1.73 V(vs SCE)。添加6%La使AP65镁合金的平均析氢速率从1.75 m L/(cm2·h)下降到0.02 m L/(cm2·h),并且使阳极效率从74.30%上升到82.31%。     

镁合金表面微弧氧化/自组装复合膜的耐蚀性能

目的 提高镁合金基体的耐蚀性能.方法 采用微弧氧化工艺对镁合金进行预处理,再通过自组装技术处理,在镁合金表面制备微弧氧化/十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷自组装复合膜层.通过SEM、EDS对复合膜的微观组织结构进行分析,并通过XPS、拉曼光谱分析了复合膜的表面成分,利用电化学阻抗谱、极化曲线、盐雾实验和浸泡实验检测了复合膜层的耐腐蚀性能.结果 复合膜均匀覆盖在镁合金表面,且复合膜较为光滑,主要含有C、O、F、Si等元素.经过自组装处理后,膜层从亲水性转为疏水性,接触角达到145.07°.经电化学性能测试,复合膜的Rct值能达到2.242×106?·cm2,与微弧氧化膜相比,增大了2个数量级;此外,复合膜的腐蚀电流密度为1.314×10-8 A/cm2,与微弧氧化膜相比也降低了2个数量级,具有较好的耐腐蚀性.浸泡120 h后,复合膜的腐蚀电流密度仍有1.061×10-5 A/cm2,盐雾实验进行120 h也没有出现明显的腐蚀现象.结论 自组装技术明显提高了镁合金基体的耐蚀性能,微弧氧化膜在一定程度上增强了自组装膜层对基材的粘附力.由于复合膜的疏水性使得水滴在膜层表面停留的时间减少,所以膜层的耐蚀性会随着疏水性增大而大大提高.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.