ANNEXATION OF TWO KINDS OF SOLUTION IN BINARY METALLIC MELTS

After investigation on the thermodynamic properties of a small number of binary metallic melts,the structural units of which cannot be wholly determined by the corresponding phase diagrams, it was found that they can be determined by the principle of annexation of two kinds of solutions in binary metallic melts.According to the principle of annexation, calculating models of mass action concentrations for several binary metallic melts have been formulated.The calculated results agree well with practice,showing that this principle is a reliable basis for determination of the structural units for some binary metallic melts.     

Application of the annexation principle to the study of thermodynamic properties of ternary metallic melts In-Pb-Ag and In-Bi-Sb

Based on the phase diagrams, measured activities and the annexation principle, the calculating models of mass action concentrations for In-Pb-Ag and In-Bi-Sb ternary metallic melts have been formulated. The results of calculation both agree with practice, and obey the law of mass action, showing that the models formulated can reflect the structural reality of the corresponding melts and the annexation principle is applicable to the them.     

APPLICATION OF THE ANNEXATION PRINCIPLE TO THE STUDYOF THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF TERNARY METALLICMELTS Cd-Pb-Sb

1. IntroductionThe thermodynamic properties of binary metallic melts have been c1early illustrated inRefs.[1-5]. Further work is to formulate calculating model8 of thermodynamic propertiesfor melts consisting of more than three components, especially for multicomponent meltsinvolving different kinds of binary metallic melts with sufficient application of thermody-namic properties of binary systems. The goal of this paper is to formulate the calculatingmodel of mass action concentrations for te…     

Application of annexation principle to the study of thermodynamic properties of ternary molten salts CaCl_2-MgC_2-NaCl

Based on the practical basis of measured activities and phase diagrams as well as in the light of the mass action law, the model of inseparable cations and anions of molten salts and mattes, and the annexation principle of two kinds of solutions in binary melts, the calculating model of mass action concentrations of molten salts CaCl_2-MgCl_2-NaCl was formulated. The results of calculation not only agree with experimental values, but also obey the mass action law, testifying that the model formulated can embody the structural characteristics of these ternary salts, and that the model of inseparable cations and anions as well as the annexation principle of two kinds of solutions in binary melts are also appficable to these ternary salts.     

含共晶体三、 四元金属熔体作用浓度的计算模型

含共晶体二元金属熔体由２个溶液组成,含共晶体三元熔锍则由３个溶液组成。仿照这两个二、三相熔体的例子,将含共晶体三、四元金属熔体看作由３,４个溶液组成的非均相熔体,并利用含共晶体二元金属熔体的有关热力学参数,针对由同类亚稳态化合物组成的对称型三元系、不同类型亚稳态化合物组成的非对称型三元系及四元系含共晶体金属熔体,制定了相应的作用浓度计算模型。计算的作用浓度与实测活度符合,既证明所制定的模型符合相应金属熔体的结构特性,又证明从含共晶体二元金属熔体和三元熔锍所得到的规律可以应用于含共晶体三、四元金属熔体。     

Application of annexation principle to the study of thermodynamic properties of ternary molten salts CaCl2-MgCl2-NaCl

Based on the practical basis of measured activities and phase diagrams as well as in the light of the mass action law, the model of inseparable cations and anions of molten salts and mattes, and the annexation principle of two kinds of solutions in binary melts, the calculating model of mass action concentrations of molten salts CaC12-MgCl2-NaCl was formulated. The results of calculation not only agree with experimental values, but also obey the mass action law, testifying that the model formulated can embody the sauctural characteristics of these temary salts, and that the model of inseparable cations and anions as well as the annexation principle of two kinds of solutions in binary melts are also applicable to these ternary salts.     

APPLICABILITY OF THE MASS ACTION LAW IN COMBINATION WITH THE COEXISTENCE THEORY OF METALLIC MELTS INVOLVING COMPOUND TO BINARY METALLIC MELTS

Based on the atomicity and rnolecularity as well as the consistency of thermodynamic properties and activities of metallic melts with their structures, the coexistence theory of metallic melts structure involving compound has been suggested. According to this theory, the calculating models of mass action concentrations for different binary metallic melts have been formulated. The calculated mass action concentrations agree well with corresponding measured activities, which confirms that the suggested theory can reflect the structural characteristics of metallic melts involving compound and that the mass action law is widely applicable to this kind of metallic melts.     

Effect of peritectics on thermodynamic properties of homogeneous binary metallic melts

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Thermodynamic properties and mixing thermodynamic parameters of Ba-Al, Mg-Al, Sr-Al and Cu-Al metallic melts

Application of equations of mixing thermodynamic parameters formulated on the basis of the coexistence theory of metallic melts in Ba-Al, Mg-Al, Sr-Al and Cu-Al melts leads to fruitful results that not only the evaluated mass action concentrations agree well with the measured activities, but also the calculated mixing thermodynamic parameters are quite coincident with the experimental values. Moreover, the calculated mass action concentrations strictly obey the mass action law. The evaluated mixing thermodynamic parameters have very fine regularity: the mixing free energy is composed of standard free formation energies of all compounds and chemical potentials of all structural units at equilibrium; the mixing enthalpy consists of standard formation enthalpies of all compounds; the mixing entropy is composed of standard entropies of all compounds and configuration entropies of all structural units at equilibrium. As the equations of mixing thermodynamic parameters formulated are widely applicable to metallic melts involving compound formation, they can be used as the second practical criterion to determine whether thermodynamic models of metallic melts are correctly formulated.     

含包晶体二元金属熔体的作用浓度计算模型

根据相图中出现包晶体、混合自由能和过剩自由能显负值等，分别对ＡｇＩｎ，ＡｕＢｉ和ＡｕＰｂ金属熔体制定了作用浓度计算模型。计算结果与实测值符合，从而证明计算模型可以反映相应金属熔体的结构本质，并证明大多数包晶体仍可存在于熔体中。     

CALCULATING MODELS OF MASS ACTION CONCENTRATIONS OF BINARY METALLIC MELTS INVOLVING SOLID SOLUTIONS

ＣＡＬＣＵＬＡＴＩＮＧＭＯＤＥＬＳＯＦＭＡＳＳＡＣＴＩＯＮＣＯＮＣＥＮＴＲＡＴＩＯＮＳＯＦＢＩＮＡＲＹＭＥＴＡＬＬＩＣＭＥＬＴＳＩＮＶＯＬＶＩＮＧＳＯＬＩＤＳＯＬＵＴＩＯＮＳ￥Ｚｈａｎｇ；Ｊｉａｎ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＭｅｔａｌｌｕｒｇｙ，Ｕｎｉ...     

Structure of quenched metallic alloys and phase equilibrium diagrams

Experiments on the quenching of cast iron from the liquid state were carried out by A. Ulitovskii as early as the 1930's. Intensive studies of the structure of quenched melts which were carried out in the early 1960's revealed several new structural states in metallic systems: supersaturated solid solutions, new metastable intermediate phases (not typical of the given system at equilibrium), metallic glasses (amorphous phases), and quasicrystalline phases. In order to explain these effects (not including new phases) special theoretical models are usually proposed, which are at times yen elaborate. Based on the published data it is possible to describe these structural states from a unified point of view excluding the concept of diffitsionless solidification.Penne, September 19–23, 1994.Institute for Problems of the Technology of Microelectronics and Very Pure Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 10, pp. 2–12, October, 1994.     

二元金属熔体热力学性质按相图的分类

经过对二元金属熔体的热力学性质结合相图进行研究后,发现将其热力学性质按相图分为含化合物,含包晶体,饱和相,等六类制定计算模型时,前五类所得作用浓度符合质量作用定理,第六符合Ｒａｏｕｌｔ定律。     

泡沫陶瓷复合净化锌合金的显微结构特征

研究了泡沫陶瓷复合净化技术对锌合金熔体内夹杂物的去除效果及试样断口显微结构特征。现有的锌合金净化技术以氯盐处理法为主,该方法不仅会使合金熔损率增大,而且会产生大量有毒气体,危害操作工人的身体健康和污染环境。根据金属净化过程的特点及原理,设计制造了高静压头、多级泡沫陶瓷复合净化装置,对锌合金熔体进行净化处理,并分析净化前后试样的显微组织结构。结果表明,该净化技术不仅能有效地减少合金熔体内的夹杂物数量和尺寸,而且在试样断口组织中呈现大量韧窝。     

二元冶金熔体热力学性质与其相图类型的一致性（或相似性）

对二元金属熔体,炉渣熔体、熔盐和熔锍的热力学性质结合相图进行了综合研究,发现当相图类型相同时,其组元作用浓度的计算模型在大多数情况下是相同的（一致性）,在个别情况下只有微小差别,但也是相似的（相似性）。     

A new technology for the production of aluminum matrix composites by the plasma synthesis method

Aluminum matrix composites were produced via the plasma injection of reinforcing particulates into aluminum melts stirred electromagnetically. In this process, a metallic wire supplied to the active zone of plasma torch disintegrated into fine metallic particles. In the plasma arc, the particles are heated above the melting point and accelerated to close to sonic speed, which helps with the incorporation of the particles into the melt. In this study, the possibility of producing aluminum matrix composites reinforced by intermetallic compound particles via plasma synthesis is demonstrated.     

Kinetics,Thermodynamics, and Structure of Bulk Metallic Glass Forming Liquids

Bulk metallic glass forming melts are viscous liquids compared with pure metals and conventional alloys. They show intermediate kinetic fragility and low thermodynamic driving force for crystallization, leading to sluggish crystallization kinetics, leaving time for good glass forming ability and bulk casting thickness. We relate the kinetics to the thermodynamics of the supercooled liquid using the Adam–Gibbs equation. The kinetic fragility is also connected to the structural changes in the liquid and can be quantitatively linked to the robustness of medium-range order in the supercooled liquid with increasing temperature. Liquid–liquid transitions from fragile behavior at high temperature to strong behavior at low temperature in the supercooled liquid and in the vicinity of the glass transition emerge as a common phenomenon.     

COMPUTERIZED PREDICTION SYSTEM FOR THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES

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金属玻璃蠕变及回复行为研究综述

由于非晶合金独特的无序结构,其结构动力学特征涉及较大时间与尺寸跨度的粒子重排。作为深入研究金属玻璃体系弛豫行为与老化动力学的基础,对非晶合金结构动力学的表征和理解至关重要。大量研究表明,以镧基和铈基为代表的稀土基非晶合金的弛豫谱呈现明显次级弛豫过程,该体系亦成为探究非晶合金结构动力学与力学性能关联的理想载体。本文主要就金属玻璃的滞弹性变形作了详细评述。作为蠕变实验中变形的主要成分,这类变形在卸载后可完全回复,对其合理描述是深入理解非晶合金结构动力学的关键。此外,总结了蠕变和蠕变回复过程中滞弹性变形的主要特征,并介绍了几种可用于定量或定性分析的理论模型。     

COMPUTER OPTIMIZATION OF DENSITY AND VISCOSITY FOR BINARY METALLIC MELTS

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