灯盏细辛注射液治疗急性脑梗死40例疗效观察

目的观察灯盏细辛注射液治疗急性脑梗死的疗效.方法选择发病7 d内脑梗死病人80例,随机分为灯盏细辛组、葛根素组,每组各40例.灯盏细辛组用灯盏细辛注射液30mL加生理盐水250mL静脉输注,每日1次,共14 d;葛根素组用葛根素注射液300 mg加生理盐水250 mL静脉输注,每日1次,共14 d.两组治疗前后分别检测血脂、血液流变学,并进行疗效比较.结果治疗后灯盏细辛组显效率(92.5%)明显高于葛根素组(62.5%)(P＜0.01),血脂、血液流变学指标较治疗前亦有明显改善(P＜0.05～P＜0.01).结论灯盏细辛注射液可降低血脂,改善血液流变学,治疗急性脑梗死安全有效.     

长春西汀注射液治疗急性脑梗死50例临床观察

目的 观察长春西汀注射液对急性脑梗死(ACI)患者的疗效.方法 将100例ACI患者随机分为两组,对照组予苦碟子注射液30 mL加入生理盐水250 mL静脉输注,1次/日,疗程14d.治疗组予长春西汀注射液30 mg加入生理盐水250 mL静脉输注,1次/日,疗程14d.结果 治疗组总有效率为86％,明显高于对照组的66％(P＜0.01);治疗后治疗组全血黏度、血浆黏度、血小板聚集率、红细胞比容、纤维蛋白量较对照组改善明显(P＜0.05).结论 长春西汀注射液能显著改善ACI患者血液流变学,是治疗急性脑梗死安全有效的药物.     

红花注射液治疗急性脑梗死184例

目的观察红花注射液治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效。方法将急性脑梗死病人随机分为两组。治疗组予红花注射液20mL加生理盐水250mL静脉输注；对照组用胞二磷胆碱针0．75g、丹参针20mL加生理盐水250mL静脉输注，两组治疗均每日1次，15d为1个疗程。结果治疗组总有效率为92．93％明显优于对照组的66．67％（P〈0．01）；两组治疗后比较，治疗组梗死灶体积缩小较对照组更明显（P〈0．01）；治疗组治疗后全血黏度、血浆黏度、纤维蛋白原水平均较治疗前有统计学意义（P〈0.05或P〈0．01），与对照组治疗后比较也有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论红花注射液具有扩张脑血管、改善微循环、降低血液黏稠度、耐缺氧的作用，从而减少脑梗死面积，并能明显改善脑梗死病人的临床症状。     

血栓通注射液治疗急性脑便死疗效观察

目的 观察血栓通注射液治疗急性脑梗死患者的临床疗效.方法 将临床确诊为脑梗死的62例患者随机分为治疗组与对照组.在基本药物治疗的基础上,治疗组予血栓通注射液5 mL加入5%葡萄糖注射液250 mL静脉输注,每日1次;对照组予复方丹参注射液20 mL加入5%葡萄糖注射液250 mL静脉输注,输注完后再加20%低分子右旋糖酐250 mL静脉输注,每日1次,连续15 d为1个疗程.结果 治疗组总有效率为90.6%,对照组总有效率为70.0%,治疗组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 血栓通注射液治疗急性脑梗死的疗效优于复方丹参加低分子右旋糖酐,且无明显不良反应.     

丹红注射液对急性脑梗死患者血浆溶血磷脂酸水平的影响

目的探讨丹红注射液对急性脑梗死患者血浆溶血磷脂酸（LPA）水平的影响。方法将120例脑梗死患者随机分为治疗组（60例）和对照组（60例）。治疗组应用生理盐水250mL加丹红注射液20mL静脉输注,1次/日,共15d;对照组应用生理盐水250mL加川芎嗪注射液2mL静脉输注,1次/日,共15d。两组予治疗前和治疗后15d取静脉血4mL测定血浆LPA水平,用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分进行神经功能评价。结果治疗组治疗后15d血浆LPA水平较治疗前显著降低（P〈0.01）,NIHSS评分显著改善（P〈0.01）,与对照组治疗后比较也有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论丹红注射液能够有效地降低急性脑梗死患者血浆LPA水平,改善患者预后。     

脑心通与刺五加治疗脑梗死100例临床观察

目的观察步长脑心通与刺五加治疗脑梗死的临床疗效.方法治疗组100例脑梗死病人口服步长脑心通,静脉输注刺五加注射液,对照组单纯静脉输注五加注射液,两组均以30 d为1个疗程,治疗后对临床症状、血脂、血黏度进行对比分析.结果两组临床症状明显改善,血脂、血黏度显著下降,两组比较有统计学意义(P＜0.05)结论口服步长脑心通安全有效,无明显不良反应,疗效确切.     

丹红注射液对脑梗死患者的临床神经功能恢复的影响

目的 观察丹红注射液对脑梗死患者的临床神经功能恢复的影响.方法 将120例脑梗死患者随机分为治疗组(60例)与对照组(60例).治疗组应用生理盐水250 mL 加丹红注射液20 mL静脉输注,每日1次,共治疗15 d ;对照组应用生理盐水250 mL加川芎嗪注射液2 mL静脉输注,每日1次,共15 d.分别于治疗前和治疗后15 d用美国国立卫生院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分进行神经功能评定.结果 两组治疗后NIHSS评分均下降,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);但治疗组下降程度优于对照组(P<0.05).结论 丹红注射液能够有效的促进临床神经功能恢复.     

血塞通注射液配合奥扎格雷钠及吡拉西坦注射液治疗急性脑梗死

目的观察血塞通注射液配合奥扎格雷钠、吡拉西坦氯化钠注射液对急性脑梗死的临床效果。方法急性脑梗死患者176例,随机分为治疗组(86例)及对照组(90例)。对照组给予奥扎格雷纳80mg,加入生理盐水100mL静脉输注,2次/日;吡拉西坦氯化钠注射液100mL静脉输注,1次/日,连用14d。治疗组在对照组基础上加用血塞通注射液40mg加生理盐水250mL静脉输注,1次/日,连用14d。结果治疗组总有效率90.7%,对照组总有效率75.9%(P<0.05);两组神经功能缺损评分增有改善,且组间比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论血塞通注射液配合奥扎格雷钠及吡拉西坦氯化钠注射液治疗急性脑梗死效果显著。     

法舒地尔联合依达拉奉治疗急性脑梗死60例疗效分析

目的 探讨法舒地尔联合依达拉奉治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效.方法 将120例急性脑梗死患者随机分为治疗组和对照组.治疗组予法舒地尔30 mg加入生理盐水250 mL静脉输注,每日2次;依达拉奉30 mg加入生理盐水100 mL静脉输注,每日2次,10 d～14 d为1个疗程.对照组予丹参注射液20 mL加入生理盐水250 mL静脉输注,每日1次,10 d～14 d为1个疗程.结果 治疗组治疗后总有效率为95%,优于对照组的60%(P<0.01),治疗组治疗后神经功能缺损评分及减少分数均低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01).结论 法舒地尔治疗急性脑梗死疗效显著.     

依达拉奉合用丹红注射液治疗老年急性脑梗死40例临床观察

目的 探讨依达拉奉与丹红注射液治疗老年急性脑梗死的疗效.方法 将80例老年急性脑梗死患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,各40例.对照组给予丹红注射液20 mL加入生理盐水100 mL中静脉输注,1次/日.治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上加用依达拉奉注射液 30 mg加入生理盐水100 mL中静脉输注,1次/日,疗程均为2周.观察比较两组临床疗效和神经功能缺损程度评分变化.结果 治疗后治疗组与对照组比较,神经功能缺损程度评分明显降低,临床疗效明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论依达拉奉合用丹红注射液治疗老年急性脑梗死疗效满意.     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Serological survey of HIV and syphilis in pregnant women in Madagascar

Objectives Peripartal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, leads to severe consequences for newborns. Preventive measures require awareness of the maternal infection. Although HIV and syphilis testing in Madagascar could be theoretically carried out within the framework of the national pregnancy follow‐up scheme, the required test kits are rarely available at peripheral health centres. In this study, we screened blood samples of pregnant Madagascan women for HIV and syphilis seroprevalence to estimate the demand for systemic screening in pregnancy. Methods Retrospective anonymous serological analysis for HIV and syphilis was performed in plasma samples from 1232 pregnant women that were taken between May and July 2010 in Ambositra, Ifanadiana, Manakara, Mananjary, Moramanga and Tsiroanomandidy (Madagascar) during pregnancy follow‐up. Screening was based on Treponema pallidum haemagglutination tests for syphilis and rapid tests for HIV, with confirmation of positive screening results on line assays. Results Out of 1232 pregnant women, none were seropositive for HIV and 37 (3%) were seropositive for Treponema pallidum. Conclusions Our findings are in line with previous studies that describe considerable syphilis prevalence in the rural Madagascan population. The results suggest a need for screening to prevent peripartal Treponema pallidum transmission, while HIV is still rare. If they are known, Treponema pallidum infections can be easily, safely and inexpensively treated even in pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Variabilité des concentrations plasmatiques de l’angiotensinogène et risque d’hypertension artérielle chez le rat transgénique

Aim

Genetic polymorphisms of the human angiotensinogen gene are frequent and may induce up to 30% increase of plasma angiotensinogen concentrations with a blood pressure increase of up to 5 mmHg. Their role for the pathogenesis of human arterial hypertension remains unclear. High plasma angiotensinogen levels could increase the sensitivity to other blood pressure stressors.

Methods

Male transgenic rats with a 9-fold increase of plasma angiotensinogen concentrations and male non-transgenic rats aged 10 weeks were treated or not with NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester for 3 weeks in their drinking water (n = 3/group). Systolic blood pressure and body weight were measured at baseline and at the end of the study when left ventricular weight and ventricular expression of angiotensin I-converting enzyme and procollagen Iα1 were determined (polymerase chain reaction).

Results

At baseline, transgenic rats had +18 mmHg higher bood pressure and –8% lower body weight compared to non-transgenic rats (P < 0.05) without significant changes for the vehicle groups throughout the study (P > 0.05). NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester increased blood pressure, left ventricular weight and left ventricular weight indexed for body weight by +41%, +17.6% and +18.6% (P < 0.05) in transgenic and +25%, +5.3% and +6.7% (P > 0.05) in non-transgenic rats compared to untreated animals, respectively. Cardiac gene expression showed no differences between groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Increased plasma angiotensinogen levels may sensitize to additional blood pressure stressors. Our preliminary results point towards an independent role of angiotensinogen in the pathogenesis of human hypertension and associated end-organ damage.