多电极电磁流量计权重函数的仿真研究

采用有限元方法,针对三对电极电磁流量计电极在不同位置时权重函数分布情况进行数值仿真。提出2个描述权重函数分布均匀度的指标:最大偏差和整体均匀度,并在电极数目和位置不同情况下对权重函数的分布情况进行分析比较。结果表明,电磁流量计权重函数分布不仅与电极数目有关,还与电极所在的位置有关。通过合理设计电极位置,三对电极电磁流量计在权重函数分布均匀度和平均强度两方面都优于单电极对电磁流量计。     

两相流下电磁流量计感应电势仿真研究

在电磁流量计应用于油水两相流的测量时,由于油水两相流中存在非导电物质,非导电物质对流量计测量存在一定影响。通过有限元软件ANSYS对流量计磁场分布建立了仿真模型,运用FLUENT软件对流量计的流体建立仿真,讨论了非导电物质对电磁流量计权重函数的影响。利用仿真结合数值计算的方法对电磁流量计不同含水率与流量下电磁流量计感应电势进行研究,并通过模拟井实流实验对仿真结果进行验证。     

电磁流量计的干标定

一、引言电磁流量计的干标定(dry calibrotion)是指:通过测量电磁流量计电极和通流道的几何形状、工作磁场的边界条件,然后,根据不同流量下流速的理论分布公式计算出仪表的输出信号的过程。由于电磁场理论发展得比较成熟,使得建立在该理论基础上的电磁流量计的干标定成为可能。国外对这一问题比较重视,近年来做了许多工作,取得了可喜的成绩。     

电磁胀形磁场力的有限元分析

研究电磁胀形过程中工件受到的磁压力沿长度方向和厚度方向的分布是工件变形分析的基础。采用有限元方法对电磁胀形过程中作用工件上的磁场力进行了数值模拟。在磁场特性理论分析的基础上确立了模型的边界条件，得到了磁场力沿工件长度和厚度方向的分布规律。模拟结果与测量值基本吻和。     

插入式电磁流量计的理论研究

从电磁流量计理论出发,建立插入式电磁流量计的物理模型,求出相应的电势、磁势和权函数的分布,并进行了定量计算,分析不同流场下插入式电磁流量计的输出电势差。计算研究表明,如果把电极放置于平均流速点位置,这种流量计可以测得通过管道的流量,电极位置偏差所产生的测量相对误差约为1％～2％。     

电磁流量计矩形与鞍状线圈磁场的数值仿真

讨论了电磁流量计矩形和鞍状线圈所产生磁感应强度的分布情况。运用毕奥-萨伐尔定律和叠加原理,通过数值仿真得到励磁线圈在测量管道内电极横截面上的磁场分布情况。提出磁感应强度的方向平行程度和大小均匀程度2个指标,并用其来判别感应磁场分布的均匀程度。依据以上2个指标,分别对不同尺寸的矩形和鞍状励磁线圈所产生的感应磁场进行计算分析和优化。     

电磁流量计矩形与鞍状线圈感应磁场的数值仿真

讨论了电磁流量计矩形和鞍状线圈所产生磁感应强度的分布情况。运用毕奥-萨伐尔定律和叠加原理,通过数值仿真得到励磁线圈在测量管道内电极横截面上的磁场分布情况。提出磁感应强度的方向平行程度和大小均匀程度2个指标,并用其来判别感应磁场分布的均匀程度。依据以上2个指标,分别对不同尺寸的矩形和鞍状励磁线圈所产生的感应磁场进行计算分析和优化。     

基于电磁感应原理的多电极流量测量方法

传统的两电极电磁流量计的测量精度易受流量计前后直管段长度的影响，而且在流速低于0.25m/s时测量误差将明显增大。针对上述问题，提出了一种8电极的电磁流量计，它由8电极传感器、多通道放大和采样电路以及嵌入式PC104微处理器组成。实验证明，这种流量计可以基本消除流速分布不对称对测量结果的影响，在低流速时测量精度有明显的提高。     

电磁流量计工作磁场的计算及测量

本文采用“理想励磁线圈”模型的方法对国产内磁式电磁流量计的工作磁场空间分布进行了计算,其结果与实际测量数据很一致。     

电磁流量计磁场的设计

采用分析和数值计算方法,研究了某电磁流量计磁场和磁路的设计。采用实验方法验证模型和计算的可行性。研究结果表明：在同时考虑电参数、传热、测量精度和经济性情况下,有可能对电磁流量计励磁线圈进行优化。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。