用MATLAB模拟双"点电荷"的电场和等位线

探讨了用MATLAB模拟双"点电荷"的场和等位线的方法,详细介绍了其数学建模过程和MATLAB程序代码.     

利用数据场和欧氏距离的图像边缘提取

图像边缘是图像分析和识别的基础,图像边缘信息的准确性和完整性对后续图像分析和识别有重要影响。为实现图像边缘有效提取,提出一种利用数据场和图像欧氏距离的图像边缘提取方法。首先,该方法利用数据场理论构建图像数据场,实现图像灰度值特征空间到数据场势值空间的转换。然后,在对图像数据场的势值计算时引入图像欧氏距离,利用图像区域欧氏距离扩大像素差异,抑制微小细节和噪声,得到"背景"和"目标"相对分离的势值图。最后,用改进Canny算法对势值图进行边缘提取。实验表明,用本文方法可以有效提高边缘提取的准确性,减少伪边缘,抑制冗余细节和噪声。     

基于LabVIEW的等位线反投影算法研究

本文分析了一种基于等位线反投影算法的电阻抗成像方法,并用虚拟仪器LabVIEW软件构建一个虚拟平台,实现了电阻抗成像的图像重建。结果表明在各种电导率分布下,该等位线反投影算法可以准确的对目标进行定位。     

基于SNAKE模型对气象传真图矢量化的研究

要把气象传真图叠加在电子海图之类的导航仪器中,首先需要考虑将投影方式进行转变,然后再考虑将其他要素也分别显示于墨卡托投影图的其他仪器中.研究中首先考虑将传真图分成多个图层,如经纬度图层、文本图层、锋线图层和等压线图层等等.鉴于等压线的形状特异,考虑采用具有主动寻找轮廓线的snake模型进行跟踪,该模型能描述不同等压线之间能量差异性.需要考虑等压线的凹凸特点和删减多余节点并补齐缺少的节点,才能得到相应的等压线.最后把所有图层都合并,就得到符合墨卡托投影的矢量化气象传真图.     

显著度可控的DEM地形特征线提取

目的 基于数字高程模型（DEM）的地形山脊线和山谷线提取对地形模型简化、基于样本的地形合成和地形地貌研究有重要意义,针对许多传统算法无法对所提取特征线的显著度进行方便准确的控制,以及不支持环形特征线提取的问题,提出一种新的显著度可控的DEM地形特征线提取算法。方法 首先利用全局断面扫描算法提取特征点并计算各特征点的显著度,然后根据特征点的特征方向进行特征延伸以增强特征连通性,接着采用改进的Hilditch细线化算法对特征点集合进行细线化处理,之后为相邻特征点添加特征边,构成特征图,利用环路检测与破环算法检测特征图中的环路,并破除冗余小环路,最后根据分支显著度的相似度和分支方向一致性进行特征图分解,计算分解得到特征线的显著度并筛选得到最终特征线。结果 使用真实DEM数据提取最显著的若干条特征线,与现有的基于特征显著度的地形特征线提取算法进行对比,本文算法对特征图的分解能够更准确地提取主干特征线,而基于显著度的特征线筛选控制也更加准确合理。对提出的环路检测与破环算法进行实验验证,该算法能保留大的山脊线环路,破除小的冗余环路。结论 实验结果表明,本文算法能有效实现显著度可控的山脊线和山谷线自动提取,提取结果与人眼观察结果基本一致,同时能够支持含有环形特征的地形。     

X线平片的骨折识别

给出了一种识别人体X线平片中骨折现象的方法。根据X线平片的特点,提出了一种结合高阶统计矩校验分割结果的局部阈值化方法分割骨骼影像。对分割后的图像采用数学形态学分别提取目标的边界与掩盖骨折区域的骨架。通过叠加目标边界图与掩盖图中提取的骨架图,得出骨折区域的精确位置,从而识别出X线平片中的骨折现象。     

图象角点检测的矢量场方法

提出一种新的图象角点检测方法。该方法利用电磁场理论表达图象特征，进而从特征图象中提取出角点。Ｃａｎｎｙ边缘图象中的边缘被视为电流密度源而产生磁场。根据电磁场理论，可计算出相应的矢势。提出图象的角点位于该矢势图的鞍点和基于模板匹配的鞍点检测算法，并给出实际的角点检测结果。     

一种基于Contourlet变换的气象图像增强算法

针对气象传真图,提出一种基于Contourlet变换的图像增强方法。充分考虑气象传真图的自身特征和Contourlet变换系数的稀疏性,应用Contourlet变换将包含噪声的图像分解成噪声系数和信号系数,利用气象传真图的主要稀疏系数对分解图像进行增强处理。实验结果表明,该方法是一种有效的气象传真图像增强方法。     

一种基于直线模型的车道线识别算法研究*

为了更好地满足车道标志线识别算法的实时性和鲁棒性要求,提出了一种新的、有效的车道标志线识别算法。将图像灰度化后,采用中值滤波去除图像采集过程中引入的噪声,应用方向可调滤波器进行边缘提取,在提取过程中对原图像进行感兴趣区域划分并采用边缘分布函数法确定方向可调滤波器的初始方向角。提出使用基于梯度加权的霍夫变换对车道标志线进行识别,通过建立梯形感兴趣区域的方法实现对车道标志线的实时跟踪,并对多段实地采集的视频进行实验测试。结果表明:基于方向可调滤波器与梯度加权的霍夫变换相结合的车道标志线识别方法,简化了对车道标志线信息特征参量的估计;不仅大大缩减了算法的执行时间,而且使算法的鲁棒性得到很大的提高。     

基于表格线游程的选票图像几何结构识别

选票表格几何结构识别是选票图像几何结构识别的关键。提出一种基于表格线游程的表格域提取方法,实现选票表格几何结构识别。该方法以表格线游程作为表格线检测的矢量基元,在一定的约束条件下合并表格线游程实现选票表格中表格线的提取,通过提取得到的表格线实现选票表格中表格域的提取。实验结果表明该方法能够快速有效地实现选票图像的几何结构识别。     

基于蚁群算法的现代藏文字符轮廓提取技术研究

由于对字符提取骨架往往会失去受污损部位的重要信息,因此本文提出了一种基于蚁群算法的现代藏文字符轮廓提取算法,旨在用字符的轮廓线代替骨架线来表征字符。本算法用于印刷体藏文轮廓提取,取得了良好的效果,避免了传统细化算法造成的畸变,提高了轮廓提取的抗干扰能力,并且减小了计算量,加快了特征提取的速度。     

An effective quad-dominant meshing method for unorganized point clouds

To perform quad meshing on raw point clouds, existing algorithms usually require a time-consuming parameterization or Voronoi space partition process. In this paper, we propose an effective method to generate quad-dominant meshes directly from unorganized point clouds. In the proposed method, we first apply Marinov’s curvature tensor optimization to the input point cloud to reduce the umbilical regions in order to obtain a smooth curvature tensor. We then propose an efficient marching scheme to extract the curvature lines with controllable density from the point cloud. Finally, we apply a specialized K-Dimension (KD) tree structure, which converts the nearest neighbor searching problem into a sorting problem, to efficiently estimate the intersections of curvature lines and recover the topology of the quad-dominant meshes. We have tested the proposed method on different point clouds. Our results show that the proposed method produces good quality meshes with high computational efficiency and low memory requirement.     

Informative patches sampling for image classification by utilizing bottom-up and top-down information

In image classification based on bag of visual words framework, image patches used for creating image representations affect the classification performance significantly. However, currently, patches are sampled mainly based on processing low-level image information or just extracted regularly or randomly. These methods are not effective, because patches extracted through these approaches are not necessarily discriminative for image categorization. In this paper, we propose to utilize both bottom-up information through processing low-level image information and top-down information through exploring statistical properties of training image grids to extract image patches. In the proposed work, an input image is divided into regular grids, each of which is evaluated based on its bottom-up information and/or top-down information. Subsequently, every grid is assigned a saliency value based on its evaluation result, so that a saliency map can be created for the image. Finally, patch sampling from the input image is performed on the basis of the obtained saliency map. Furthermore, we propose a method to fuse these two kinds of information. The proposed methods are evaluated on both object categories and scene categories. Experiment results demonstrate their effectiveness.     

输电导线图像目标识别方法

为了准确识别出背景复杂、对比度低时的输电导线目标,在对图像进行全变分模型去噪的基础上,提出一种基于模拟退火微粒群算法的2维最大类间方差法进行图像分割,然后采用改进的Freeman链码表示法进行输电导线目标提取,并应用基于最小二乘法的直线拟合法复原输电导线的基本骨架中的缺失部分。实验结果表明:基于模拟退火微粒群算法的2维最大类间方差法具有较好的分割效果,且在最佳分割阈值的搜索中有着较好的收敛性和计算速度;基于改进的Freeman链码表示法的输电导线提取算法可以很好地滤除背景并将输电导线完整地提取出来。     

Multimodal Data Fusion for Few-shot Named Entity Recognition Method

As a crucial subtask in Natural Language Processing (NLP), Named Entity Recognition (NER) aims to extract import information from text, which can help many downstream tasks such as machine translation, text generation, knowledge graph construction, and multimodal data fusion to deeply understand the complex semantic information of the text and effectively complete these tasks. In practice, due to time and labor costs, NER suffers from annotated data scarcity, known as few-shot NER. Although few-shot NER methods based on text have achieved good generalization performance, the semantic information that the model can extract is still limited due to the few samples, which leads to the poor prediction effect of the model. To this end, in this paper we propose a few-shot NER model based on multimodal data fusion, which provides additional semantic information with multimodal data for the first time, to help the model prediction and can further effectively improve the effect of multimodal data fusion and modeling. This method converts image information into text information as auxiliary modality information, which effectively solves the problem of poor modality alignment caused by the inconsistent granularity of semantic information contained in text and images. In order to effectively consider the label dependencies in few-shot NER, we use the CRF framework and introduce the state-of-the-art meta-learning methods as the emission module and the transition module. To alleviate the negative impact of noise samples in the auxiliary modal samples, we propose a general denoising network based on the idea of meta-learning. The denoising network can measure the variability of the samples and evaluate the beneficial extent of each sample to the model. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments on real unimodal and multimodal datasets. The experimental results show the outstanding generalization performance of the proposed method, where our method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods by 10 F1 scores in the 1-shot scenario.     

基于显著性分析的网格模型语义特征线提取

现有的基于局部微分属性度量的网格模型特征线提取方法较难描述模型全局语义特征。为解决该问题,提出一种基于显著性分析的、符合人类视觉注意力机制的语义特征线提取算法。首先以谱图理论为工具,构建网格模型光顺三维基准面,获取网格顶点显著性重要度;利用离散拉普拉斯—贝尔特拉米算子方向属性构建网格语义特征区域,提取特征区域骨骼线,对骨骼线进行优化后得到模型语义特征线。该算法完全去除了模型局部微分几何量的度量,提取的特征线能很好地完成全局语义特征描述。实验结果证明了算法的有效性。     

Combining user preferences and user opinions for accurate recommendation

Recommendation systems represent a popular research area with a variety of applications. Such systems provide personalized services to the user and help address the problem of information overload. Traditional recommendation methods such as collaborative filtering suffer from low accuracy because of data sparseness though. We propose a novel recommendation algorithm based on analysis of an online review. The algorithm incorporates two new methods for opinion mining and recommendation. As opposed to traditional methods, which are usually based on the similarity of ratings to infer user preferences, the proposed recommendation method analyzes the difference between the ratings and opinions of the user to identify the user’s preferences. This method considers explicit ratings and implicit opinions, an action that can address the problem of data sparseness. We propose a new feature and opinion extraction method based on the characteristics of online reviews to extract effectively the opinion of the user from a customer review written in Chinese. Based on these methods, we also conduct an empirical study of online restaurant customer reviews to create a restaurant recommendation system and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.     

基于物方几何约束提取建筑物垂直边缘

航空影像中，垂直边缘对建筑物提取具有重要意义。为快速准确地提取垂直边缘，依据航空摄影测量学的有关知识，利用摄影测量成像模型推导出垂直边缘灭点位置，并结合物方空间几何约束和图像空间边缘信息，采用一种自适应模糊Hough变换算法，实现了建筑物垂直边缘的自动提取。实验证明，该算法是行之有效的。     

基于高斯尺度空间的山脊主脉提取方法

山脊线有主脉和支脉之分,主脉连贯突出且长度较长,控制了地形整体特征和态势,支脉则相对短小、分布于主脉两侧,反映了地形局部变化与细节。然而,现有方法提取的山脊线包含支脉多,提取结果偏差大、连续性差,无法支持实际应用。为此,结合多尺度分析与图像融合理论,提出了一种主脉的提取方法。新方法以不同参数的高斯核函数对数字高程(DEM)数据做多尺度分解,分别提取各尺度下山脊线,再以高斯尺度参数构造各尺度山脊线权重,采用加权平均法融合各尺度山脊线,获得更能体现宏观地形特征的主脉。实验结果表明,该方法简单易行,提取的主脉清晰、连续,与实际地形较为相符。     

手绘图风格的三维模型线条渲染

现有的三维模型线条渲染方法,由于模型是网格结构,渲染得到线条图由大量的小线段组成,导致图形中有许多明显的棱角和孤立线段.提出了一种新的手绘图风格的三维模型线条渲染方法,将观察到的三维模型转化成简洁、自然的线条图.算法首先采用Suggestive Contours方法得到模型的特征线段集,通过分析线段的空间信息,将小线段连接成若干长线条,并用三次B样条曲线插值这些线条,然后引入B样条小波对线条进行简化.实验结果表明,本文的方法可以很好地连接这些线段集,得到平滑、简洁的手绘风格模型线条图.