室温拉变形后的铜包铝线材的力学性能和导电性能

经室温拉拔的铜包铝线的显微组织是纤维状细长晶粒，纤维长度与形变量的平方近似地成正比，晶界面积增大系数与形变量近似地成正比。其抗拉强度随形变量增大而增大，与形变量平方根呈直线关系；延伸率随形变量增大逐渐降低；电阻率随形变量增加而直线增加，但相对增量极小。经室温拉拔的铜包铝线的抗拉强度和电阻率可以根据原始材料的相应数据和工艺参数进行预测。     

EB炉熔炼TC4钛合金轧制过程中的组织演变与力学性能

本实验以电子束冷床熔炼炉(EB炉)熔炼TC4钛合金为研究对象,结合实际生产流程,研究不同变形量和不同温度对TC4钛合金板材显微组织与力学性能的演变规律.结果表明:在相同温度下,随着变形量增加,显微组织中α相的体积分数和尺寸减小而β相体积分数增大,合金的抗拉强度和延伸率均增大;当变形量为30％时,显微组织均表现为片层结构,随着变形温度升高,片层α相长宽比逐渐减小,抗拉强度逐渐升高而延伸率变化不大;当变形量增加到90％时,随着变形温度升高,显微组织由较强的B织构(0002)〈1120〉转化为T织构(1010)〈1120〉和锥面织构(1011)〈1120〉,塑性变形由基面滑移转为柱面滑移,显微组织中α相尺寸减小而β相含量增大,合金的抗拉强度和延伸率均增大.当温度升高到1000℃时,α相完全转变为β相,在随后的冷却过程中细针状次生α相从β晶粒析出,合金的抗拉强度和延伸率均增大.     

变形温度对TA15合金组织和性能的影响

研究了变形温度对原始坯料为片状组织的TA15合金显微组织和性能的影响.随着变形温度(1030～930℃)的降低,合金的室温抗拉强度、延伸率及断面收缩率均增加.β区变形的镦粗试样为片状组织,在剧烈变形区和自由变形区,1080℃变形时β晶粒的动态再结晶程度比1030℃高.两相区变形镦粗试样的显微组织为过渡型组织,难变形区和剧烈变形区及自由变形区组织差别较大.     

室温ECAP和冷轧复合变形工业纯钛的组织和性能

采用ECAP技术和常规冷轧复合变形工艺制备了高强度工业纯钛,研究了复合变形后试样的力学性能与显微组织的关系.结果表明,工业纯钛经室温单道次ECAP和冷轧复合变形后,晶粒被严重拉长,形成了明显的纤维状组织,试样的抗拉强度高达805MPa;随着冷轧变形量的增大,变形组织的细化程度和均匀性提高,使试样的强度和塑性进一步提高.位错滑移和孪生是工业纯钛室温ECAP和冷轧复合变形的主要变形机制.     

1Cr18Ni9Ti钢的低温拉伸变形行为

对1Cr18Ni9Ti钢在室温和低温下进行拉伸试验,利用TEM分析拉伸试样断口附近的显微组织,用SEM对拉伸断口进行观察,研究了温度对1Cr18Ni9Ti钢拉伸变形行为的影响.研究表明:随着试验温度的降低,1Cr18Ni9Ti钢的抗拉强度与屈服强度及加工硬化指数单调增加;延伸率呈降低趋势,并在温度降至77 K时略有回升;拉伸断口附近显微组织中出现板条马氏体,且温度降低,板条马氏体数量增加;低温与应变共同作用诱发板条马氏体形成是影响1Cr18Ni9Ti钢低温拉伸变形行为的重要因素.     

玻璃包覆Co68Fe4.5Si13.5B14非晶微丝的力学性能

以玻璃包覆Co68Fe4.5Si13.5B14非晶微丝为研究对象,对经氢氟酸溶液腐蚀不同时间的微丝和不同直径的原丝进行了力学性能评价和断口形貌分析。结果表明,玻璃包覆非晶微丝的断裂过程是弹性变形。外径为28μm、内径为8.8μm的微丝经氢氟酸溶液腐蚀,刚去掉玻璃包覆层时裸丝的抗拉强度最大,可达到3545MPa,应变量为1.96%;若微丝经酸液腐蚀仍存在玻璃层,当腐蚀时间为40s时,抗拉强度和延伸率达到该阶段的最大值,分别为724MPa和1.3%;同时玻璃包覆Co68Fe4.5Si13.5B14非晶微丝具有尺寸效应,微丝的抗拉强度随直径的减小而增大。     

层错能对Fe-Mn-C系TRIP/TWIP钢变形机制影响

对三种不同层错能(SFE)Fe-Mn-C系TWIP钢的变形机制进行了研究.结果表明:在淬火态下,TWIP钢组织为全奥氏体,奥氏体晶粒内存在少量退火孪晶.TWIP钢的层错能随着C、Mn含量的增加而增加.层错能为7 mJ/m2时,变形后出现大量ε马氏体,且随着应变量的增大,ε马氏体峰增强,表现为单一的TRIP效应;层错能为12 mJ/m2时,应变诱导γ→ε→α或γ→α的转变及形成少量形变孪晶,表现为TRIP/TWIP效应;层错能为18 mJ/m2时,变形后形成大量形变孪晶,表现为单一的TWIP效应,抗拉强度和延伸率分别达到851 MPa及49%.随着层错能增加,TWIP钢的断裂机制由沿晶断裂转变为以韧窝为主的塑性断裂.     

形变软氮化复合处理对08钢力学性能的影响

本文研究了室温形变对08钢软氮化后力学性能的影响,试验结果指出:予先形变的试样经软氮化后随着形变量的增加■及■得到大幅度的提高,60％形变软氮化复合处理后(?)接近70kg/mm~2,而延伸率δ而变化不大;未形变的氮化试样其冲击功Ak小于1kg-cm,断口为典型解理破断,当形变量达50％时,冲击功大幅度增加至其极限制,断口呈完全韧窝状破断,大约30％变形时,断口韧脆各半。通过以上试验首次发现: 在强度大幅度提高的同时韧性亦大幅度提高;并且发现随着形变量的增加冲击断口出现韧——脆转变现象。     

热处理工艺对包套挤压镍微合金化TiAl合金组织与性能的影响

以包套挤压镍微合金化TiAl合金为研究对象,研究了热处理工艺对合金组织和室温、800℃拉伸性能的影响.结果表明,70%变形量包套挤压合金经(α γ)双相区1250℃热处理获得了再结晶完全的双态组织,其中不含有残留的层片结构;挤压合金经(α2 γ)双相区退火处理后,合金室温拉伸屈服强度为535MPa,抗拉强度为650MPa,延伸率为3%;800℃拉伸屈服强度为365MPa,抗拉强度为400MPa,延伸率为156%,这种组织有利于进一步加工成形,使超塑成形成为可能.     

冷轧板条马氏体组织与力学性能研究

将低碳钢(10#)淬火获得低碳板条马氏体组织,然后进行多道次冷轧变形,制备具有超高强度的低碳钢板材,研究其力学性能的变化规律,并利用金相显微分析和扫描电子显微分析方法观察其显微组织演变与断口形貌。实验结果表明,淬火获得的具有马氏体组织的低碳钢(10#)抗拉强度超过1. 3 GPa,仍能保持较好的塑性(延伸率约为15%),随着冷轧变形量的增加,材料的强度和硬度显著增大,而塑性逐渐降低,当冷轧变形量大于30%后,断后延伸率低于10%。当冷轧变形量达到80%时,硬度从440HV(未变形)增加到532HV,抗拉强度超过2. 0 GPa;随着变形量的增加,冷变形马氏体板条间距减小,变形组织与轧制方向趋于平行排列,逐渐呈现分层特征。随着冷轧变形量的增加,断口中心韧窝和空洞数量减少,而且韧窝的尺寸和深度减小,空洞相互连接,裂纹萌生,断口处出现了明显的分层裂纹和撕裂状的结构,当变形量超过50%时,断口处的分层结构和撕裂状的裂纹开始显现。     

Effect of deformation and oxygen content on mechanical properties of different copper wires

Investigations were done at dip-forming, contirod and SCR copper wire rods. These continuously cast and hot rolled copper wire rods (8 mm in diameter) were cold drawn in two drawing programmes (soft and hard drawn) to various diameters without any intermediate annealing. The results of influence of deformation and oxygen content on the flow stress, tensile elongation and number of twist to failure are given. Strength and strain hardening rates of hard-drawn wires always were higher than the soft-drawn wires. Oxygen effect on the ductility of copper wires measured with the tensile elongation and the number of twist to failure is not clear at large drawing prestrains.     

INFLUENCE OF AXISYMMETRIC DEFORMATION PROCESSING METHODS ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF Cu-Nb COMPOSITES

It has been shown that deformation processed Cu-19% Nb alloys with good strength and electrical conductivity can be developed in sizes that are useful for engineering applications. Mot extrusion of bundled sub-elemental Cu-19% Nb wires followed by cold drawing to make a composite wire of diameter equal to that of the initial sub-elemental wires resulted in a 67% increase in the ultimate tensile stress. However, on subsequent cold drawing of this composite wire the strength increased at a slower rate than that obtained on continuing cold drawing of the sub-elemental wire and the strength differential decreased. In addition, after cold drawing to equivalent diameters the electrical conductivity of the composite wire was less than that of the sub-elemental wire. These results indicate that while high strengths and good electrical conductivities can be produced in larger size deformation processed Cu-Nb composites by a process of bundling, extrusion and cold drawing of sub-elemental wires, there appears to be a limit to the amount of subsequent cold drawing feasible before the benefit in properties ceases.     

Structure-sensitive properties during room-temperature wire drawing at various speeds in nickel 200

The effects of drawing speed, cell size and grain size on the yield strength of nickel 200 wires drawn at room temperature up to a true strain of 2.09 have been investigated. The wire drawing speeds in the range from 17 to 140 mm s^–1 do not show any effect on the yield strength, cell size and grain size of drawn wires. However, the cell sizes as well as grain sizes decrease with increase in true wire drawing strain when their values are averaged over all the wire drawing speeds at a given strain. Even though the Hall-Petch equation is valid for all the grain diameters observed in this study, the graph suggests that two distinct linear regimes may be more appropriate to properly describe the strengthening mechanisms during wire drawing. The cell diameter has been correlated with the yield strengths of drawn wires by an inverse relationship.     

Pass schedule of wire drawing process to prevent delamination for high strength steel cord wire

The high-speed drawing of high carbon content steel wires is usually conducted at room temperature employing a number of passes or reductions through several dies. In the multipass drawing process, the temperature rise at each pass affects the mechanical properties of the final product (such as its bending and torsion properties, and its tensile strength). This temperature rise during deformation encourages delamination in the wire, which has a deleterious influence on the torsional properties and durability of the wire. In this study, we investigated the delamination of wires using torsion tests and evaluated the wire temperature during drawing. Our data shows that one of the main reasons for delamination was an excessive rise in wire temperature. Based on our experimental results, in order to prevent delamination due to an excessive rise in wire temperature, a new isothermal pass schedule that could control the wire temperature was designed. The pass redesign for the conventional high carbon (0.75 wt%C) steel cord wire drawing process with delamination was carried out by using the isothermal pass schedule to control the wire temperature. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, wire drawing and torsion test were conducted. From the results of experiments, it was possible to produce high carbon steel cord wire without delamination.     

行星轧制变形程度对TP2铜管材组织及性能的影响

目的研究行星轧制变形程度对TP2铜管材在轧制和联拉时的组织和性能的影响。方法采用金相显微分析和拉伸实验,研究行星轧制变形程度对TP2铜管铸坯轧拉态以及拉拔态组织及性能的影响规律。结果经连续铸造的TP2铸坯为柱状晶,且由外向内成长。经行星轧制、联拉后的管材晶粒纤维流线,其晶粒显著拉长,随着轧制变形程度的增加,流线减弱,晶粒更加细化。轧制变形程度为93%与90%的轧管屈服强度、抗拉强度分别降低了22.83%和7.59%,伸长率提升了4.44%,塑性变形能力增加。结论随着轧制变形程度的增加,联拉管抗拉强度略有提高,而伸长率得到了保持。     

Characterization on strength and toughness of welded joint for Q550 steel

Q550 high strength steel was welded using gas shielded arc welding and three different welding wires without pre- or post-heat treatments. The paper investigates the influence of welding wire on the microstructure, tensile strength and impact toughness of Q550 steel weld joints. Results showed that the microstructure of the weld metal of joints produced using ER50-6 wire was a mixture of acicular ferrite and grain boundary ferrite including pro-eutectoid ferrite and ferrite side plate. Acicular ferrite was mainly obtained in the weld metal of the joints produced using MK·G60-1 wire. Pro-eutectoid ferrite was present along the boundary of prior austenite. Crack initiation occurred easily at pro-eutectoid ferrite when the joint was subjected to tensile. Tensile strength and impact toughness were promoted with increasing acicular ferrite. Tensile strength of the joint fabricated using MK·G60-1 wire was close to that of base metal. And tensile samples fractured at location of the fusion zone, which had lower toughness and thus became the weak region in the joint. Impact absorbing energy was the highest in the heat affected zone. Fibrous region in fracture surfaces of impact specimens was characterized as transgranular fracture with the mechanism of micro-void coalescence. Acicular ferrite microstructure region corresponded to relatively large dimples while boundary ferrite microstructure corresponded to small dimples.     

冷变形后不同回火温度对低碳贝氏体钢组织和力学性能的影响

通过在690℃高温回火后对15SiMn2Mo低碳贝氏体钢进行10％拉伸变形或不同变形量压缩变形,再进行不同温度回火,研究了冷变形（拉伸和压缩）和变形后不同温度回火对试验材料的组织和性能的影响。结果显示,随着回火温度增加,试验柯料的抗拉强度增加,300℃回火强度达到最大值,与热轧低温回火强度相当。超过300℃回火材料的强度下降,伸长率和断面收缩率增加。随着压缩变形量的提高,材料的硬度值升高,加工硬化效果显著,组织中出现铁素体形变带。压缩变形后随着回火温度的提高,材料组织发生回复与再结晶,形成细小等轴晶粒,组织细化,压缩变形量增加,细化效果增加。     

The effect of a non-circular drawing sequence on delamination characteristics of pearlitic steel wire

In this study, a non-circular drawing (NCD) sequence was applied to investigate the effect of deformation behavior, microstructure and texture evolution on delamination characteristics of pearlitic steel wire under torsional deformation mode. The multi-pass NCD sequence was numerically and experimentally applied up to the 12th pass in comparison with conventional wire drawing (WD). For investigation of the deformation characteristics of the drawn wires, three-dimensional finite element and flownet analyses were carried out. These simulation results indicated that the NCD could impose relatively homogeneous plastic deformation on the wire compared to the WD. From the scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction results, globular cementite and cylindrical texture component, which might increase likeliness of delamination fracture, were rarely observed in the NCD drawn wire. In the torsion test, the delamination fracture was observed in the WD drawn wire for the 10th pass while it did not occur for the 12th pass NCD. In addition, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 2300 MPa grade wire was manufactured by the NCD and the UTS value was 257 MPa higher than the one of the WD. Therefore, it was demonstrated that the multi-pass NCD could impose relatively homogeneous plastic deformation on the wire, resulting in high-torsional ductility with better strength compared to the WD.