热变形Ti-45Al-7Nb-0.3W合金的显微组织与力学性能

采用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和拉伸试验研究热变形(锻造、轧制)Ti-45Al-7Nb-0.3W(原子分数/%,下同)合金的显微组织与力学性能。结果表明:铸态Ti-45Al-7Nb-0.3W合金为近层片组织,主要由α2/γ层片晶团及分布在层片晶团周围的少量γ相和β相组成,层片晶团平均尺寸为100μm;经热包套锻造后,层片晶团发生破碎、扭折,并且室温抗拉强度较铸态提高了77MPa,800℃抗拉强度提高了36MPa;该锻态合金经热包套轧制后,合金组织转变为细小的双态组织,平均晶粒尺寸为25μm,合金力学性能进一步提高,其中室温抗拉强度提高到603MPa,伸长率为1.0%,800℃抗拉强度提高到716MPa,伸长率为3.6%。     

塑性变形对铸态AZ31镁合金组织和性能的影响

为了研究塑性变形对铸态镁合金组织和性能的改善作用,用铸态AZ31镁合金进行了等温压缩实验,并测试了原始试样和变形后试样的组织和性能.结果表明:铸态AZ31合金通过塑性变形可以显著细化晶粒;随变形温度的升高,变形所得试样抗拉强度下降;在同一温度下变形所得试样抗拉强度随变形程度的增加而升高,变形程度达到一定值后,抗拉强度不再升高并有下降的趋势;铸态AZ31合金低温变形(210～240℃)后,可大幅度提高其抗拉强度.     

轧制变形程度对AZ31镁合金板材组织与性能的影响

目的研究轧制变形程度对AZ31镁合金板材组织和性能的影响。方法主要设计了轧制变形程度分别为51%,63%,72%的3组轧制工艺并进行实验,然后观察不同轧制变形程度下板材退火后的微观组织及力学性能。结果当轧制变形程度72%时,晶粒最细,抗拉强度和断裂延伸率最高。结论随着轧制变形程度的增加,镁合金板材晶粒逐渐细化,而抗拉强度和断裂延伸率随着轧制变形程度的增加而提高。     

轧制处理对AlCrFe2Ni2高熵合金组织与力学性能的影响

目的 为了设计出成本低、性能优异的AlCrFe2Ni2高熵合金,并探究轧制处理对该合金微观组织与力学性能的影响。方法 使用真空电弧熔炼炉熔炼AlCrFe2Ni2合金样品,采用冷轧的方式进行塑性加工,轧制总下压量为60%,结合相图计算、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜等分析测试方法研究AlCrFeNi合金体系的相形成规律,以及合金变形前后微观组织、力学性能的变化情况。结果 铸态和冷轧态的AlCrFe2Ni2高熵合金由FCC_A1主相和BCC相构成,BCC区域由编织状的BCC_A2相和BCC_B2相构成。铸态下的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别为681 MPa和1 208 MPa。冷轧后的合金样品硬度和拉伸强度明显提高,经60%下压量的冷轧变形后,合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别提升到1 433 MPa和1 620 MPa,但伸长率由铸态的9.5%下降到轧态的2.0%。结论 相组成参数计算结合相图计算(CALPHAD)能够有效预测合金的相组成,轧制处理能够有效改善合金的力学性能。     

稀土微合金化对热管用无氧铜管坯成分及组织的影响

目的 解决连铸连轧无氧铜管坯成分与组织控制问题。方法 通过稀土净化除杂与微合金化作用,对无氧铜熔铸成分控制、水平连铸和行星轧制工艺开展深入研究。结果 稀土添加后铸坯中P的质量分数由添加前0.009 5%降低至0.001 45%~0.001 82%,降低了80.8%;O的质量分数由0.004 5%降低至0.001 3%~ 0.001 83%,降低了59.3%;铸坯晶粒尺寸由稀土添加前的2200 μm细化到到650 μm,细化了70.4%;三辊行星组织轴向平均晶粒为16 μm,周向平均晶粒为21 μm。结论 稀土微合金化能够有效控制热管用无氧铜铸坯的成分;稀土微合金化明显细化了铸坯的晶粒组织,使无氧铜轧制变形组织更加均匀。     

等径角挤压对AZ31镁合金组织及力学性能的影响

研究了电磁连铸AZ31镁合金沿A路径经常规等径角挤压(ECAE)和两步ECAE变形后的微观组织与力学性能.结果表明:与预挤压态相比,常规ECAE态合金随着挤压道次的增加,晶粒不断细化,伸长率不断提高,但屈服强度与抗拉强度逐渐降低;两步ECAE可以使晶粒进一步细化,伸长率、屈服强度与抗拉强度均提高.伸长率、屈服强度与抗拉...     

铸态AZ31镁合金板材等温轧制工艺及组织性能研究

为研究铸态AZ31镁合金轧制工艺及轧制后组织性能,通过试验得到不同道次和变形量对铸态AZ31镁合金板材显微组织和力学性能的影响规律,并采用扫描电子显微镜研究了轧制后板材组织.结果表明,铸态AZ31镁合金板材经等温4道次、等变形量轧制后,板材厚度由20mm变化到4.8 mm,抗拉强度和屈服强度分别达到275 MPa和18...     

添加Gd对变形镁合金AZ31组织与力学性能的影响

研究了在变形镁合金AZ31中添加稀土元素Gd对合金铸态和轧态组织与性能的影响。结果表明:加入AZ31中的Gd元素形成了稀土相Al2Gd和Al-Mn-Gd的混合相,使β-Mg17Al12相的数量减少甚至消失。铸态合金中的少量Gd元素削弱了Al的晶粒细化作用,使组织粗化;而当Gd元素的含量提高时Gd开始发挥晶粒细化作用,使合金的晶粒显著细化。对于轧态合金,加入Gd元素后形成的Al2Gd相能促进合金在轧制过程中的动态再结晶,使孪晶数量减少,加工硬化作用减弱,晶粒尺寸细化。而过量的Gd元素形成粗大的第二相,使合金组织粗化。因此,适量的Gd元素可使轧态AZ31合金的强度降低而延伸率提高,其中在350℃轧制的AZ31-0.8Gd合金的延伸率最高(为13.4%),不含Gd的合金延伸率仅为5.4%。     

冷却速率对Mg-4.4Zn-0.3Zr-0.4Y变形镁合金组织和性能的影响

通过水冷和空冷两种冷却方式制备成分相同的Mg-4.4Zn-0.3Zr-0.4Y(质量分数/%,下同)铸态合金,挤压变形后进行时效处理,研究不同熔体冷却速率对挤压态和时效态合金组织性能的影响。结果表明:通过水冷冷却可以显著细化铸态组织,促进I相(Mg3YZn6)的生成,并抑制W相(Mg3Y2Zn3)的形核;由于初始组织不同,水冷和空冷两种冷却方式铸造的Mg-4.4Zn-0.3Zr-0.4Y合金经过挤压变形后,抗拉强度分别达到327MPa和306MPa,伸长率分别达到14.8%和10.0%;时效处理后,合金的晶粒尺寸和织构强度变化很小,析出的MgZn相和MgZn2相含量成为影响时效态合金性能的主要因素;时效处理挤压态水冷冷却铸造合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别达到330MPa和348MPa,伸长率为14.4%,与时效前相比略有减小;时效处理挤压态空冷铸造合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度增大至344MPa和359MPa,伸长率降至8.6%。     

冠脉支架用CoCr合金管材拉拔工艺与组织分析

对大变形轧制后的CoCr合金管坯在不同退火条件下进行热处理，通过金相显微镜、电子拉伸试验机等分析手段，检测成品管的显微组织及力学性能，分析热处理参数对试样拉伸性能和显微组织的影响，并研究拉拔变形量对试样拉伸性能和显微组织的影响。结果表明：温度为1 100℃、保温时间为10 min,管材的析出物较少，有很好的强塑性匹配，可保证管材的后续顺利拉拔。随着变形量增加，管材晶粒逐渐破碎，并被拉拔成平行于拉拔方向的纤维状，其抗拉强度增大，延伸率减小，变形量为15%时，管材屈服强度显著提高，后续趋于平缓。本研究为制备不同强塑性管材提供依据。     

Study on plastic behaviours of CuNi10Fe1Mn alloy tubes under cast-roll process

The cast-roll process (CRP) is widely used in ACR (air conditioning and refrigeration copper tubes), which can increase the yield and greatly reduce the cost. However, there are few studies of CuNi10Fe1Mn alloy tubes on CRP. The purpose of this paper is to provide the based datum for study of CuNi10Fe1Mn alloy tubes. The paper explored the three major processes of horizontal continuous casting, planetary rolling and drawing, and studied the macrostructure, microstructure, mechanical properties and activation energy for deformation of planetary rolling. The results demonstrate that: the CuNi10Fe1Mn alloy tubes have good properties, so it is feasible to be produced by CRP; CRP can refine grains, which is one of the several strengthening methodologies developed to restrict the dislocation motion; the power of planetary rolling mill may be increased approximately 2.0–3.0 times than that of C12200; the rolled tubes of CuNi10Fe1Mn alloy still could be drawn by three passes deformation without an intermediate annealing.     

冷变形后不同回火温度对低碳贝氏体钢组织和力学性能的影响

通过在690℃高温回火后对15SiMn2Mo低碳贝氏体钢进行10％拉伸变形或不同变形量压缩变形,再进行不同温度回火,研究了冷变形（拉伸和压缩）和变形后不同温度回火对试验材料的组织和性能的影响。结果显示,随着回火温度增加,试验柯料的抗拉强度增加,300℃回火强度达到最大值,与热轧低温回火强度相当。超过300℃回火材料的强度下降,伸长率和断面收缩率增加。随着压缩变形量的提高,材料的硬度值升高,加工硬化效果显著,组织中出现铁素体形变带。压缩变形后随着回火温度的提高,材料组织发生回复与再结晶,形成细小等轴晶粒,组织细化,压缩变形量增加,细化效果增加。     

铜包钢线材室温拉变形后的显微组织和力学性能

研究了经室温拉变形后的纯铜包覆Q195钢的不同线径的线材的显微组织及力学性能.结果表明,显微组织自原始的等轴晶变为细长条纤维状,纤维长度与形变量的平方近似地成正比,纤维直径与形变量近似地成反比.经室温拉变形的包覆线材的抗拉强度,随形变量增大而增大,与形变量平方根呈直线关系;但延伸率降低,延伸率波动偏高与晶界融合及Q195钢的渗碳体球化现象吻合.根据原始纯铜和Q195钢的抗拉强度值,可以用复合材料强度的混合法则来近似地预测不同线径的包覆线材的抗拉强度.     

Effect of Deformation Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AZ31 Mg Alloy Processed by Differential-Speed Rolling

A differential-speed rolling(DSR) was applied to AZ31 magnesium alloy sample at different rolling temperatures of 473,523,573,and 623 K with 1-pass and 2-pass operations.The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of the deformed samples were investigated.The rolling temperature was found to be an important parameter affecting the microstructural development.After DSR at 473 K,the microstructure was more homogeneous than that obtained after deformation by equal-speed rolling(ESR).The fully recrystallized microstructures were generated after DSR at 573 and 623 K.As to mechanical properties,the yield strength(YS) and ultimate tensile strength(UTS) decreased monotonously with increasing rolling temperature.In contrast,the elongation of the DSR-deformed samples was improved as the rolling temperature increased.The strain hardening exponent(n) calculated by Hollomon equation increased with increasing the rolling temperature,which would explain an increase in the uniform elongation.     

Influence of Hot Deformation and Subsequent Austempering on the Mechanical Properties of Hot Rolled Multiphase Steel

Influence of hot deformation and subsequent austempering on the mechanical properties of hot rolled multiphase steel was investigated. Thermo-mechanical control processing （TMCP） was conducted by using a laboratory hot rolling mill, where three different kinds of finishing rolling reduction, and austemperings with various isothermal holding duration were applied. The results have shown that a multiphase microstructure consisting of polygonal ferrite, granular bainite and larger amount of stabilized retained austenite can be obtained by controlled rolling processes. Mechanical properties increase with increasing the amount of deformation because of the stabilization of retained austenite. Ultimate tensile strength （σb）, total elongation （σ） and the product of ultimate tensile strength and total elongation （σb-σ） reach the maximum values （791 MPa, 36% and 28476 MPa%, respectively） at optimal processes.     

Evolution behavior of δ phase in Cu12Sn2Ni alloy and the corresponding effects on alloy property

With the increase of tin content in tin bronze, the rise of δ phase made the strength, hardness of tin bronze increase and the ductility decrease sharply, that difficult to process. In this paper, the Cu12Sn2Ni alloy was prepared by centrifugal casting, the microstructure and phase formation before and after heat treatment were observed by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope. The results showed that the as-cast sample microstructure was composed of equiaxed grains rather than coarse dendrites. centrifugal casting inhibits tin diffusion to form metastable phase β′-Cu_13.7Sn. The as-cast sample had good deformability and its tensile strength and elongation were 381.9 MPa and 12.4 %, respectively, which are higher than the mechanical properties of gravity casting. The tensile strength and elongation of the sample after furnace cooling at 620 °C/8 min are 439.5 MPa and 24.4 %, respectively, the increase was 16.6 % and 85.07 %, compared with the as-cast samples, due to the solid solution strengthening, the second phase strengthening and the homogenization of the microstructure.     

轧制工艺对D6A钢微观组织和力学性能的影响

为了研究轧制工艺对D6A钢组织及力学性能的影响,分别制备了87%和93%压下量的D6A钢,并通过EBSD和拉伸性能测试进行了分析。结果表明,随轧制压下量由87%增加至93%,D6A钢中晶粒尺寸显著减小,由5μm减至1μm,小角度晶界含量则大幅增加,由55%增至80%。随轧制压下量的增加,D6A钢的抗拉强度及屈服强度均显著增加,其中抗拉强度由1175 MPa增加至1245 MPa,屈服强度则由1010 MPa增加至1195 MPa,而断后延伸率则有所降低,由19%降低至17%。同时,绘制了拉伸过程中加工硬化率变化曲线,分析表明,随着轧制压下量的增加,晶界及亚晶界强化提升了钢材的抗拉及屈服强度,而由于过于细小的晶粒和亚晶粒贮存位错的能力不足,使材料在变形时因缺乏加工硬化而过早发生颈缩导致其塑性降低。     

Influence of mechanical working on properties of aluminium base short steel fiber reinforced composites

In the present investigation aluminium base short plain steel fiber, copper and nickel coated steel fiber reinforced composites were prepared by vortex method. These were subsequently given deformation upto 40% by hot rolling. Microstructure of deformed sample showed random orientation of fibers. Breakdown of fibers due to the hot rolling was also predominant. Density of composites increased with increase in % of deformation due to reduced porosity. The hardness and strength improvement observed is attributed to decrease in porosity and increase in the number of fibers due to fiber breakage. In case of copper-coated fiber reinforced composite some additional mechanism is observed to operate. After 40% rolling, porosity level of 5-wt% copper coated fiber composites was decreased from 3.9% to 0.7%. Hardness of as cast Al-5FeCu composite was 38.2 BHN, which increased to 45.8 BHN on 40% reduction. UTS (Ultimate tensile strength) of 5-wt% copper coated steel fiber composites increased from 124 MPa to 145 MPa on 40% deformation along with an improvement of percentage of elongation from 9.2 to 11.6. The simultaneous increase in UTS and percentage of elongation indicate that reduction in porosity is the main factor-giving rise to improvement of the properties. Fracture surface investigation showed that cracks are initiated at the fiber matrix interface, propagated through the interface and linked up with other cracks or fiber/matrix interface leading to failure. In case of as cast composites micro-porosity played a vital role in failure which is noted from SEM fractographs.     

Effect of rolling strain on microstructure and tensile properties of dual-phase Mg–8Li–3Al–2Zn–0.5Y alloy

This study was conducted to discuss the effect of rolling strain on microstructure and tensile properties of dual-phase Mg–8Li–3Al–2Zn–0.5Y (wt%) alloy, which was prepared by casting, and then homogenized and rolled at 200?°C. The rolling process was conducted with 10% reduction per pass and five different accumulated strains, varying from 10% to 70%. The results indicate that the as-cast and as-rolled Mg–8Li–3Al–2Zn–0.5Y alloys are composed of α-Mg, β-Li, AlLi and Al₂Y phases. After rolling process, anisotropic microstructure was observed. α-Mg phase got elongated in both rolling direction and transverse direction with the addition of rolling strain. Consequently, the strength of the alloy in both directions was notably improved whereas the elongation declined, mainly caused by strain hardening and dispersion strengthening. The tensile properties of the as-rolled alloys in the RD, no matter the YS, UTS or the elongation, are higher than those of the TD due to their larger deformation strain and significant anisotropy in the hcp α-Mg phase. In addition, the fracture and strengthening mechanism of the tested alloys were also investigated systematically.