聚氨酯鞋底料发展状况和展望

分析了聚氨酯鞋底料特别是聚醚型聚氨酯鞋料的发展前景和研发过程中应引起注意的问题，对比了EVA鞋中底与PU鞋中底的性能，介绍了国外该领域的发展现状以及国外几种聚醚型聚氨酯鞋底料。     

聚醚型酰亚胺

本文介绍美国GE公司开发出来的聚醚型酰亚胺的性能及应用范围。在分析这种新型高分子材料生产工艺路线的基础上,对其进行了成本估算。     

聚醚-酯嵌段共聚物改性微孔聚氨酯弹性体性能的研究

采用双金属氰化物络合催化剂（DMC），以脂肪族己二酸系聚酯多元醇为起始剂，与环氧丙烷（PO）、环氧乙烷（EO）进行烷氧基化反应，制得聚醚酯多元醇用于微孔聚氨酯弹性体（MPUE）的合成，可得到综合性能优良的MPUE材料。在相同硬段含量下，聚醚酯型MPUE的力学性能接近聚酯型MPUE，优于聚醚型MPUE，并且其耐水解性能得到较大的提高，接近聚醚型MPUE。     

高活性低不饱和度聚醚型鞋垫料的研制

采用高活性低不饱和度聚醚为基础原料,以水作为发泡剂,制得了聚醚型鞋垫料,研究了聚醚型鞋垫料的配方,讨论了影响鞋垫性能的因素,比较了聚酯型、普通高活性聚醚型和高活性低不饱和度聚醚型鞋垫的性能.结果表明,采用高活性低不饱和度聚醚研制的聚醚型鞋垫料常温下为液体,贮存稳定性好,加工条件宽,脱模快,物性与聚酯型近似,是值得推广的一种新型鞋垫料.     

新型耐热树脂基减摩材料的研制及其性能研究

采用石墨,ＭｏＳ２和含二氮杂萘联苯型聚醚砜酮,用溶液共混共沉淀热压模型塑方法研制出ＰＰＥＳＫ基减摩复合材料,所得材料具有良好的力学和耐热性能,且摩擦性能优异,是一类新型无油润滑的耐高温低摩擦材料。     

两种扫帚型聚醚的合成及其破乳性能研究

以辛胺和十二胺为原料合成了两种低代扫帚型分子骨架,再分别与环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷加成合成了两种扫帚型聚醚。测定了扫帚型聚醚的表面张力,通过测定浊点计算得到其HLB值,研究了两种扫帚型聚醚对模拟原油乳液的破乳性能。结果表明,两种扫帚型聚醚属于典型的表面活性剂,对模拟原油乳液具有良好的破乳性能。所制备新型破乳剂的性能与其结构有一定的关系,分子嵌段结构是影响破乳性能的主要因素。     

新型耐高温杂环聚醚砜酮酮材料的研究

合成一种新型热塑性耐高温杂环聚醚砜酮酮材料（ＰＰＥＳＫＫ），研究了材料的热性能、力学性能、电性能、溶解性能、摩擦性能及膜性能。结果表明，ＰＰＥＳＫＫ为一类具有较高耐热性、综合性能优良、成本低的机械工程塑料。     

聚醚砜酮树脂基摩擦材料的性能研究

采用固体润滑剂石墨、ＭｏＳ２和含二氮杂萘联苯型聚醚砜酮（ＰＰＥＳＵＫ）研制出ＰＰＥＳＵＫ基减摩复合材料,所得材料的耐磨性能良好,且具有优异的耐热性能,是一类新型无油润滑的耐高温低摩擦材料。     

热塑性弹性体TPU增韧尼龙1010共混物的力学性能及形貌

分别以聚醚型和聚酯型热塑性弹性体（TPU）为增韧剂，以尼龙1010（PA1010）为基体，用德国HaaKePTW16／25p型双螺杆挤出机制备了PA1010／TPU增韧尼龙材料，研究了增韧尼龙材料的力学性能及相结构。结果表明：增韧尼龙材料的冲击强度得到显著的提高，聚酯型TPU的增韧效果优于聚醚型TPU的。SEM观察表明，聚醚型和聚酯型TPU均以较均匀的球状粒子分散于PA1010基体中，冲击断面有纤维化现象、呈多层断裂和粘连多层膜的形成。PA1010／TPU共混物的冲击强度随TPU含量的增加而增加，但考虑到在提高共混物冲击强度的同时也要保证增韧材料有足够的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率，TPU含量为15％（wt）的共混物具有较好的综合性能。     

黎明院聚氨酯记忆棉工业化

<正>黎明化工研究设计院有限责任公司开发的一种新型复合型聚氨酯记忆棉材料已实现工业化生产。该公司首创的这种记忆棉兼具结构性记忆棉和气囊型记忆棉的共同特征,与传统记忆棉相比,具有舒适性和耐久性能良好、温敏性低、工艺宽容度高等优点。传统记忆棉主要是用富含环氧丙烷的聚醚多元醇制备,压缩永久变形大,对温度变化较敏感。该公司将记忆棉专用聚醚与富含环氧乙烷的聚醚     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。