1,2-二苯乙炔的合成研究

以溴苯和苯乙炔为原料,经过Sonogashira偶联反应得到1,2-二苯乙炔,产物结构经1H NMR、13C NMR和ESI-MS确证。并对Sonogashira偶联反应条件进行研究,确定最佳条件为:物料比为n (溴苯)∶n (苯乙炔)=1.5∶1;催化剂Pd(PPh3)2Cl2用量为n(Pd(PPh3)2Cl2)∶n(苯乙炔)=0.04∶1;PPh3用量为n(PPh3)∶n(苯乙炔)=0.3∶1;Cu I用量为n(Cu I)∶n(苯乙炔)=0.1∶1;反应溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和三乙胺的混合溶剂(V∶V=2∶1);反应温度70℃;反应时间8 h;产物收率为88.7%。按照最佳反应条件,4-甲氧基溴苯与4-甲氧基苯乙炔反应得到1,2-双(4-甲氧基苯基)乙炔,收率为84.3%。     

4,4′,4"-三氨基三苯胺的合成

本文从对氯硝基苯和对硝基苯胺出发,经过两步反应合成了三偶氮类光导材料的重要中间体4,4′,4″-三氨基三苯胺,其中第一反应采用KF/季铵盐催化法,收率48.4%,第二步反应采用钯碳催化加氢法,收率91.4%.     

4,4′,4″-三氨基三苯胺的合成

本文从对氯硝基苯和对硝基苯胺出发,经过两步反应合成了三偶氮类光导材料的重要中间体4,4′,4″-三氨基三 苯胺,其中第一反应采用KF/季铵盐催化法,收率48.4％,第二步反应采用钯碳催化加氢法,收率91.4％。     

对三氟甲氧基-N-羟乙基苯胺的合成

由对三氟甲氧基苯胺(Ⅰ)为原料通过与氯甲酸-2-氯乙酯进行酰胺化反应后,在氢氧化钠水溶液中水解重排,选择性地合成了单-N-羟乙基化反应产物对三氟甲氧基-N-羟乙基苯胺(Ⅲ),产物结构经1HNMR1、3CNMR、MS和IR表征.考察各因素对产物收率的影响,得到最佳反应条件为:酰胺化反应溶剂为二氧六环,反应温度50℃,n(NaOH)n∶(酰胺化物)=5∶1,反应时间7 h,Ⅲ的总收率可达93.7%.     

4-三氟甲基苯乙酸的合成新方法

以4-三氟甲基苯胺为原料,经重氮化、Grignard反应、Wolff-Kishner-黄鸣龙还原反应制得标题化合物.研究表明:n(Mg)∶n(4-三氟甲基溴苯)∶n(草酸二乙酯)=1.2∶1∶1.5、反应温度为50～60 ℃、n(4-三氟甲基苯乙酮酸乙酯)∶n(水合肼)=1∶1.2,总收率68.4%,并通过~1HNMR对中间体及产物进行了结构确证.     

三(4-碘苯基)胺的合成工艺研究

以氮气为保护气,采用三苯胺作为起始原料,合成了三苯胺类双光子吸收材料的重要中间体三(4-碘苯基)胺,并通过高效液相分析仪和核磁共振谱分别对产品的纯度和结构进行分析。通过对单因素的研究,实验结果显示:氮气保护下,反应的优化投料比n(三苯胺)∶n(碘化钾)∶n(碘酸钾)=1∶2.25∶2.25。三(4-碘苯基)胺的反应收率可达80.4%,纯度大于99.8%。     

羟基改性聚对亚苯基苯并二唑单体3,3′-二氨基-4,4′-二羟基联苯盐酸盐的合成

为改进聚对亚苯基苯并二唑（PBO）纤维复合黏结性能差等缺点，在苯环上引入极性基团羟基进行化学分子结构改性，3,3′-二氨基-4,4′-二羟基联苯盐酸盐（DADHBP·2HCl）是羟基改性PBO的关键单体。以4,4′-二羟基联苯（DHBP）为原料经硝化、还原反应合成得到中间体3,3′-二硝基-4,4′-二羟基联苯（DNDHBP）和羟基改性PBO的单体DADHBP·2HCl，并对其反应条件进行了优化。结果表明：对于硝化反应，以甲苯、冰乙酸的混合液为反应溶剂，n(DHBP)∶n(HNO₃)=1∶2，反应温度5℃，反应时间2.5h，收率81.39％，高效液相色谱（HPLC）纯度(质量分数)92.43％；还原反应，n(DNDHBP)∶n(FeSO₄·7H₂O)=1∶9，乙醇为溶剂，七水合硫酸亚铁为助剂，n(DNDHBP)∶n(N₂H₄·H₂O)=1∶5.5，反应温度78℃，反应时间9h，热过滤，滤饼盐酸精制后得到DADHBP·2HCl，收率67.16%，HPLC纯度（质量分数）98.20%。中间体和产物结构经红外光谱、核磁氢谱和电喷雾质谱表征确认。     

酯基三甲氧基有机硅季铵盐的合成及其表面活性

以硬脂酸、N,N-二甲基乙醇胺(DMEA)和γ-氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷为原料合成酯基三甲氧基有机硅季铵盐,采用FTIR,ESI-MS和1HNMR对中间体及终产物进行了结构表征,结果与目标结构一致。通过正交试验,得到中间体硬脂酸二甲基乙醇胺酯的优化合成工艺条件:反应温度为180℃,反应时间为8 h,n(硬脂酸)∶n(DMEA)=1∶1.6,催化剂用量为原料总质量的0.5%。季铵化合成产物的优化工艺条件:在N2保护下,反应温度为110℃,n(硬脂酸二甲基乙醇胺酯)∶n(γ-氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷)=1∶1.4,催化剂用量为原料总质量的0.5%,反应时间为28 h。并通过稳态荧光法测得产物在298 K下的临界胶束浓度为0.009 3 g·L-1。     

2,6-二叔丁基-4-亚硝基苯酚的合成及表征

以2,6-二叔丁基苯酚、浓硫酸及亚硝酸钠为原料,在乙醇中合成了抗氧剂中间体2,6-二叔丁基-4-亚硝基苯酚,考察了溶剂种类、反应温度、反应时间、投料比和投料次序对反应的影响。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为：乙醇为溶剂,反应温度25℃,n（2,6-二叔丁基苯酚）∶n（浓硫酸）∶n（亚硝酸钠）=1∶1.1∶1.1,投料次序为先滴加浓硫酸,再滴加亚硝酸钠溶液,反应时间为2 h。在该条件下,产物重结晶收率为92.0%,产物色谱纯度≥99.7%。     

6-苯基-[1,2,4]三唑[4,3a]吡啶-3-胺的合成及工艺优化

以5-溴-2-氟吡啶为原料,经取代、成环、偶联反应,合成了医药中间体6-苯基-[1,2,4]三唑[4,3-a]吡啶-3-胺(Ⅳ),利用1HNMR、13CNMR和高分辨质谱对其结构进行了表征。对中间体6-溴-[1,2,4]三唑[4,3-a]吡啶-3-胺(Ⅲ)的合成方法和反应机理进行了探讨,考察了反应时间、反应温度、反应物配比、溶剂配比、催化剂用量等对目标产物收率的影响,结果表明:化合物Ⅲ的最佳合成工艺条件为:反应温度40℃,反应时间15 min;化合物Ⅳ的最佳合成工艺条件为:溶剂配比V(水)∶V(1,4-二氧六环)=1.0∶2.0,n(Ⅲ)∶n(苯硼酸)=1.0∶1.2,n(Ⅲ)∶n[Pd(pph3)2Cl2]=1.0∶0.1,反应温度80℃。经三步反应得到化合物Ⅳ的总收率为60%。     

(Ba_(1-α)Sr_α)_(4.8)(Sm_(0.7)La_(0.3))_(8.8)Ti_(18)O_(54)陶瓷的微波介电性能

采用固相合成法制备了(Ba(1-α)Srα)4.8(Sm0.7La0.3)8.8Ti18O54(α=0.1～0.5)系陶瓷,表征了该陶瓷的相组成和显微结构,测试了微波介电性能.结果表明:α=0.3时,(Ba(1-α)Srα)4.8(Sm0.7La0.3)8.8Ti18O54系陶瓷为单相的新钨青铜结构固溶体.α>0.3时,相继出现了第二相BaLa2Ti4O12和La0.66TiO2.993.随α的增加,(Ba(1-α)Srα)4.8(Sm0.7La0.3)8.8Ti18O54系陶瓷的相对介电常数(εr)先增大后有所波动,品质因数(Qf)先增大后减小,谐振频率温度系数(τf)单调减小.α=0.3时,在1 350℃烧结的陶瓷的微波介电性能最佳:εr=98.77,Qf=5184GHz,τf=10.9×10-6/℃,优于不掺杂的BaO-Sm2O3-TiO2陶瓷的.     

Fe~(3 )、Zn~(2 )、Mn~(2 )、Cu~(2 )、Ca~(2 )、Mg~(2 )等离子共存体系中Ca~(2 )、Mg~(2 )的测定

叙述了Fe3 、Zn2 、Mn2 、Cu2 、Ca2 、Mg2 等离子共存体系中采用六次甲基四胺 -铜试剂沉淀除去Fe3 、Zn2 、Mn2 、Cu2 等干扰离子 ,用EDTA滴定钙镁的方法 ,该方法钙的回收率在 99.7%～ 10 0 .3 % ;镁的回收率在 10 0 .0 %～ 10 0 .4% ,标准偏差为 0 .0 2 2。     

Adhesion of calcium phosphate coatings on polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE), poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA)

Calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings can be applied to improve the biological performance of polymeric medical implants. For clinical applications, a strong adhesion of the coating to the polymeric substrate is important. Therefore, the adhesion of rf magnetron-sputter-deposited CaP coatings on five polymers was studied: polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE), poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). To influence the adhesion, the interface was varied in six different ways, e. g. by a plasma or ion-beam pretreatment, or by using a Ti interlayer. The adhesion was determined by using scratch, tensile and 180^° bend tests. Especially the polymers PE and PS needed a bombardment by energetic particles prior to or during coating deposition, to enable the formation of chemical bonds between the coating and the polymer, which gave adhesion. On PLLA and PDMS, being oxygen containing polymers, it was easier to establish a strong interface. An overtreatment of the polymeric substrates gave worse adhesion, probably due to the formation of weak low molecular weight (LMW) layers on the polymer. On PTFE, the use of a Ti interlayer was necessary to prevent the PTFE from UV degradation during coating deposition, as this caused cohesive failure within the PTFE. The results showed that each polymer requires a different approach for obtaining optimal adhesion. The observed adhesion could often be explained in the terms of processes occurred during the pretreatment of the polymers or the deposition of the coating.     

(K_(0.485)Na_(0.485)Li_(0.03))NbO_3-Pb(Zr_(0.53)Ti_(0.47))O_3压电陶瓷的压电性能与微观结构

采用传统电子陶瓷制备技术和工业原料制备了新型(1-x)(K0.485Na0.485>Li0.03)NbO3-Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3少铅压电陶瓷,研究了该体系陶瓷的压电性能及微观结构.X射线衍射分析表明:在1250℃烧结3h的条件下,所有陶瓷样品都具有纯的钙钛矿结构和高致密性,并且在室温下形成了正交相和四方相共存的结构.x=0.75时,陶瓷的压电性能达到最佳:压电常数d33=363 pC/N,机电耦合系数kp=63%,相对介电常数εr=1 590,介质损耗tanδ=1.70%.     

Ternary Complexes of cis-(NH(3))(2)PtCl(2) (cis-DDP) With Guanosine (guo), Cytidine (cyd) and the Aminoacids Glycine (gly), L-Alanine (ala), L-2-Aminobutyric Acid (2-aba), L-Norvaline (nval) and L-Norleucine (nleu)

The ternary complexes of formulae cis-[(NH(3))(2)Pt(nucl)(amac)]NO(3), where nucl = guo and cyd (guanosine and cytidine) and amac = the deprotonated aminoacids glycine (gly), L-alanine (ala), L-2-aminobutyric acid (2-aba), L-norvaline (nval) and L-norleucine (nleu), were prepared from the reactions of the binary chelated ones cis-[(NH(3))(2)Pt(nucl)(amac)]NO(3) with the nucleosides.They were characterized by (1)H, (13)C and (195)Pt NMR and IR spectra, together with elemental analysis and conductivity measurements. The aminoacids coordinate with Pt(II) in the ternary complexes with their terminal -NH(2) groups, guo through N(7) and cyd through N(3). Ligand-ligand hydrophobic interactions were also observed in the ternary complexes and were stronger with longer aliphatic chains of the aminoacids. The (3)E sugar conformation increased by 5-7% in the ternary systems, as compared to the free nucleosides, while the percentage of the gg conformation remained almost constant and the one of the anti conformation of the sugar increased also slightly. Finally, the h conformer around the C(alpha)-C(beta) bonds of the aminoacids reached a maximum in the binary systems and decreased again considerably in the ternary ones.     

Ba(Zr_(0.055)Ti_(0.945))O_3含量对[(Na_(0.80)K_(0.16)Li_(0.04))_(0.5)Bi_(0.5)]TiO_3陶瓷性能的影响

系统研究(1-y)[(Na0.80K0.16Li0.04)0.5Bi0.5]TiO3-yBa(Zr0.055Ti0.945)O3无铅压电陶瓷,获得压电应变常数高达185pC/N的0.94[(Na0.80K0.16Li0.04)0.5Bi0.5]-TiO3-0.06Ba(Zr0.055Ti0.945)O3压电陶瓷。样品的晶体结构为三方相、四方相共存,处于准同型相界(morphotropic phase boundary,MPB)附近。该类陶瓷室温MPB的摩尔(下同)含量为0.050y0.065。样品y=0.060在40°左右的(003)、(021)双峰与46.5°左右的(002)、(200)双峰分裂最明显。随着Ba(Zr0.055Ti0.945)O3含量的增加,铁电相-反铁电相相变温度(θd)升高、反铁电相-顺电相相变温度(θm)降低;θd和θm的温差越来越小,材料的弛豫性逐渐降低。     

La掺杂(Na_(0.5)Bi_(0.5))_(0.82)(K_(0.5)Bi_(0.5))_(0.18)TiO_3系统无铅压电陶瓷的制备工艺探讨

采用传统陶瓷工艺,研究了制备[(Na0.5Bi0.5)0.82(K0.5Bi0.5)0.18]1-xLaxTiO3(x=0.00,0.01,0.03,0.05,0.10)无铅压电陶瓷的工艺条件对陶瓷的物相组成、显微结构和压电性能的影响。利用XRD、SEM等技术分析结果表明,合成温度的提高有利于主晶相的形成,且此系统烧成温度范围较窄,故需控制在合适的烧成温度下才能得到高致密度的陶瓷。同时,研究了极化工艺条件对材料压电性能的影响,结果表明,提高极化电场强度、控制适当的极化温度有利于提高材料的压电性能。     

Photopyroelectric Spectroscopic Studies of ZnO-MnO(2)-Co(3)O(4)-V(2)O(5) Ceramics

Photopyroelectric (PPE) spectroscopy is a nondestructive tool that is used to study the optical properties of the ceramics (ZnO + 0.4MnO(2) + 0.4Co(3)O(4) + xV(2)O(5)), x = 0-1 mol%. Wavelength of incident light, modulated at 10 Hz, was in the range of 300-800 nm. PPE spectrum with reference to the doping level and sintering temperature is discussed. Optical energy band-gap (E(g)) was 2.11 eV for 0.3 mol% V(2)O(5) at a sintering temperature of 1025 °C as determined from the plot (ρhυ)(2)versushυ. With a further increase in V(2)O(5), the value of E(g) was found to be 2.59 eV. Steepness factor 'σ(A)' and 'σ(B)', which characterize the slope of exponential optical absorption, is discussed with reference to the variation of E(g). XRD, SEM and EDAX are also used for characterization of the ceramic. For this ceramic, the maximum relative density and grain size was observed to be 91.8% and 9.5 μm, respectively.