粉尘螨Ⅱ类抗原cDNA原核表达质粒的构建与表达

目的　构建粉尘螨Ⅱ类抗原cDNA基因的重组表达质粒 ,并在大肠埃希菌中表达。　方法　采用亚克隆技术 ,用SacⅠ和NotⅠ从重组质粒pMD 18T Derf 2上切下Derf 2cDNA片段 ,插入表达载体 pET 3 2a( )质粒 ,转化大肠埃希菌BL2 1,在含氨苄青霉素的LB平板上筛选阳性重组子 ,并经双酶切及PCR扩增鉴定。重组质粒 pET 3 2a( ) Derf2转化大肠埃希菌 ,IPTG诱导表达后进行SDS PAGE电泳和薄层凝胶扫描定量分析。　结果　对重组质粒进行酶切和PCR鉴定 ,获得 45 5bp大小的目的基因片段 ,与预期结果相符 ,证明已成功构建携带Derf 2基因的重组原核表达质粒pET 3 2a( ) Derf 2。核酸序列测定及同源性分析证实 ,所构建的原核表达质粒pET 3 2a( ) Derf 2中所含的Derf 2cDNA片段与GenBank中的Derf 2序列同源性达到 10 0 %。Derf 2cDNA在大肠埃希菌诱导表达后获得分子质量单位为 3 4ku的蛋白 ,蛋白含量占菌体蛋白含量的 16%。　结论　成功构建了粉尘螨Ⅱ类抗原cDNA基因的重组表达质粒pET 3 2a( ) Derf 2 ,并在大肠埃希菌中获得高效表达 ,为获得重组纯化Derf 2变应原并用于尘螨变应性疾病的诊治奠定基础。     

十二指肠钩虫锰超氧化物岐化酶基因的克隆与表达

目的克隆十二指肠钩虫锰超氧化物岐化酶（AdMn-SOD）基因,并在大肠埃希菌中表达。方法用3′RACE及RT-PCR技术扩增获得AdMn-SOD全长cDNA编码序列;设计引物,克隆AdMn-SOD成熟肽编码序列,连接到原核表达载体pET32a,构建重组表达质粒,转化大肠埃希菌BL21（DE3）并用IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE分析表达情况,诱导表达的重组蛋白用Ni亲和层析进行纯化。结果成功克隆获得AdMn-SOD全长cDNA序列,推导编码的氨基酸序列具有Mn-SOD的保守结构特征;构建了pET32a/AdMn-SOD原核表达重组质粒,AdMn-SOD在大肠埃希菌中得到高效表达,表达的融合蛋白的分子质量单位约为40ku。结论成功克隆并表达了十二指肠钩虫锰超氧化物岐化酶基因,为进一步了解十二指肠钩虫锰超氧化物岐化酶的特性与功能奠定了基础。     

细粒棘球蚴转化生长因子βI型受体胞内域原核表达载体的构建及蛋白纯化

目的构建细粒棘球蚴（Echinococcus granulosus,Eg）转化生长因子βI型受体胞内域（transforming growth factor—β type I receptor intracellular domain,TβRI—I）原核表达载体,诱导表达并纯化EgTβRI—I蛋白。方法采集感染Eg的羊源原头蚴,Trizol法提取原头蚴总RNA,RT—PCR扩增EgTβRI—I基因片段,克隆至原核表达载体pET28a（＋）,经限制性内切酶双酶切和序列鉴定正确的重组质粒转化至大肠埃希菌感受态细胞BL21,异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷（IPTG）诱导表达,经镍柱亲和层析纯化蛋白,SDS—PAGE检测目的蛋白的表达。结果pET28a—EgβIRI—I原核表达载体构建成功,经IPTG诱导可表达EgTβRI—I蛋白（分子质量单位为48ku）,纯化后获得大量纯度较高的可溶性蛋白。结论成功构建pET28a—EgTβRI—I原核表达载体,并获得纯化的可溶性目的蛋白,为研究EgTβRI—I在Eg体内的生物学作用及其作用方式奠定了基础。     

丙型肝炎NSSATP6基因原核表达载体的构建和表达纯化及多克隆抗体的制备

目的构建丙型肝炎病毒NS5A蛋白反式激活蛋白6基因的原核表达载体并进行表达、鉴定。方法从已构建的pGBKT7-NS5ATP6质粒上切取NS5ATP6基因，再克隆入pET32a（＋）质粒，构建pET32a（＋）-NS5ATP6表达重组体。结果以pET32a（＋）-NS5ATP6重组体分别转化DH5a和Rosseta大肠埃希菌后，经IPTG诱导，pET32a（＋）-NS5ATP6表达出分子量为41KD左右的重组蛋白。免疫动物并经Westernblot检测证实其具有良好的抗原性。结论成功地构建了原核表达载体pET32a（＋）-NS5ATP6，诱导表达和纯化了NS5ATP6融合蛋白，并制备了该蛋白的多克隆抗体，为下一步该基因功能研究奠定了基础。     

亚洲带绦虫60S核糖体蛋白L8基因的克隆表达和免疫学分析

目的原核克隆表达亚洲带绦虫成虫60S核糖体蛋白L8基因（TaRPI。8）,探索其应用前景。方法用RT—PCR方法从亚洲带绦虫成虫cDNA中获取RPI．8基因,克隆到原核表达质粒pET一28a（＋）中,在大肠埃希茵BL21／DE3中用IPTG诱导表达,表达产物通过SDS-PAGE进行鉴定,用镍离子金属螯合剂亲和层析柱进行纯化,纯化的重组蛋白用蛋白印迹进行免疫学分析。结果PCR、双酶切及DNA测序结果均表明pET-28a（＋）一TaRPL8重组质粒构建成功。SDS-PAGE结果表明目的基因在大肠埃希菌BL21／DE3中获得高效表达,亲和层析获得了高纯度蛋白。重组蛋白可被其免疫的SD大鼠血清识别但不能够被正常大鼠血清识别,表明其具有免疫原性。结论亚洲带绦虫成虫TaRPI．8基因可在大肠埃希菌BL21／DE3中获得具有免疫原性的表达,为进一步的功能研究奠定了基础。     

粉尘螨Ⅱ类抗原cDNA原核表达质粒的构建与表达

目的构建粉尘螨Ⅱ类抗原cDNA基因的重组表达质粒，并在大肠埃希菌中表达。方法采用亚克隆技术，用Sac Ⅰ和Not Ⅰ从重组质粒pMD-18T-Der f2上切下Der f2 cDNA片段，插入表达载体pET-32a( )质粒，转化大肠埃希菌BL21，在含氨苄青霉素的LB平板上筛选阳性重组子，并经双酶切及PCR扩增鉴定。重组质粒pET-32a( )-Der f2转化大肠埃希菌，IPTG诱导表达后进行SDS-PAGE电泳和薄层凝胶扫描定量分析。结果对重组质粒进行酶切和PCR鉴定，获得455bp大小的目的基因片段，与预期结果相符，证明已成功构建携带Der f2基因的重组原核表达质粒pET-32a( )-Der f2。核酸序列测定及同源性分析证实，所构建的原核表达质粒pET-32a( )-Der f2中所含的Der f2 cDNA片段与GenBank中的Der f2序列同源性达到100％。Der f2 cDNA在大肠埃希菌诱导表达后获得分子质量单位为34ku的蛋白，蛋白含量占菌体蛋白含量的16％。结论成功构建了粉尘螨Ⅱ类抗原cDNA基因的重组表达质粒pET-32a( )-Der f2，并在大肠埃希菌中获得高效表达，为获得重组纯化Der f2变应原并用于尘螨变应性疾病的诊治奠定基础。     

梅毒螺旋体蛋氨酸亚砜还原酶的原核表达、纯化及其抗氧化功能研究

目的原核表达、纯化梅毒螺旋体(Treponema pallidum)蛋氨酸亚砜还原酶(Methionine sulfoxide reductase,Msr)并测定其抗氧化功能。方法将TpMsr基因连接到表达载体pET28a,构建重组质粒pET28a-TpMsr,热激法将其转化大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3)得到重组菌BL/pET28a-TpMsr,IPTG诱导重组TpMsr蛋白表达。利用镍柱亲和层析纯化目的蛋白,采用比色法测定Tp Msr蛋白的酶活性。采用菌落计数法测定重组大肠埃希菌在H2O2胁迫下的存活率。结果成功构建重组质粒pET28a-TpMsr,转化大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3)后高效表达分子质量单位(Mr)约34.8×103的TpMsr,经Ni 2+柱亲和层析纯化得到高纯度的重组TpMsr蛋白。该蛋白能将蛋氨酸亚枫还原为蛋氨酸,且能赋予大肠埃希菌抵抗氧化应激的能力。结论构建的重组质粒pET28a-TpMsr能表达TpMsr蛋白。该蛋白具有抗氧化功能,为研究梅毒螺旋体的抗氧化机制提供了实验依据。     

华支睾吸虫mGST新基因的克隆、表达与纯化

目的扩增华支睾吸虫一个微粒体谷胱甘肽转移酶（mGST）新基因,明确是否存在内含子,并进行原核表达与纯化. 方法用PCR方法分别从华支睾吸虫成虫cDNA（质粒）文库和基因组DNA中扩增mGST基因并测序,将编码基因定向克隆到原核表达载体pET-30a（＋）,在大肠埃希菌BL21/DE3中表达,按照Ni-NTA agarose说明书纯化重组蛋白,用SDS-PAGE和TLC分析. 结果 mGST基因全长486 bp,没有内含子,构建的原核表达质粒pET-30a（＋）-mGST在大肠埃希菌中得到了有效表达,融合蛋白的分子质量单位约为24 ku.重组蛋白达细菌总蛋白质的11%,纯化后的重组蛋白纯度为83%. 结论 mGST基因没有内含子,在大肠埃希菌中能有效表达,得到了纯化的重组蛋白,为进一步研究其功能奠定了基础.     

结核分枝杆菌吡嗪酰胺耐药相关蛋白的原核表达及纯化

目的构建结核分枝杆菌pncA基因的原核表达质粒,获得结核分枝杆菌吡嗪酰胺酶的表达蛋白。方法制备结核分枝杆菌基因组DNA,采用聚合酶链反应扩增目的基因片段;通过pET28a构建表达载体pET28a-pncA,序列测定证实正确后转化大肠埃希菌DH10b,经IPTG诱导表达His-吡嗪酰胺酶融合蛋白,采用SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析重组蛋白。结果扩增出结核分枝杆菌pncA基因并构建了具有正确基因序列的质粒载体pET28a-pncA,转化大肠埃希菌BL21后经诱导产生了分子质量单位约20ku的表达产物,并得到纯化的带His标签的目的蛋白。结论构建了结核分枝杆菌pncA基因原核表达质粒,并诱导表达了His-吡嗪酰胺酶融合蛋白,为进一步研究吡嗪酰胺耐药性奠定了基础。     

刚地弓形虫硫氧还蛋白基因的克隆 表达及鉴定

目的 目的 克隆刚地弓形虫硫氧还蛋白 （Thioredoxin,Trx） 基因, 构建原核表达载体, 通过诱导表达和纯化蛋白, 免 疫家兔制备多克隆抗体。方法 方法 采用PCR技术扩增刚地弓形虫Trx基因, 克隆至原核表达载体pET?28a （+） 中, 转化大肠 埃希菌 （E. coli） Rosetta, 用IPTG诱导目的蛋白表达, 采用镍亲和层析法获得纯化蛋白并免疫家兔制备多克隆抗体。利用 Western blotting技术鉴定多克隆抗体的特异性。结果 结果 成功从刚地弓形虫 cDNA 中扩增出 Trx 目的基因, 构建了 Trx/pET?28a （+） 重组质粒, 获得抗Trx重组蛋白的多克隆抗体。Western blotting技术检测出弓形虫Trx蛋白的特异性条 带。结论 结论 用制备的兔抗Trx多克隆抗体能检测弓形虫Trx在速殖子内的表达, 为进一步深入研究刚地弓形虫Trx功能 奠定了基础。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

CagA-Hp抗体IgG与胃炎的组织学分析

研究幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染与胃炎的关系。方法对204例慢性胃炎患者胃粘膜进行观察分析,并测定其中137例Hp阳性患者血清CagA-Hp抗体IgG水平,与组织学对照。结果慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生患者血清CagA抗体IgG明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);其他类型胃炎患者血清CagA抗体IgG水平无明显增高(P＞0.05)。结论CagA-Hp可能是导致慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生的因素之一,对这类患者应密切随访观察。     

慢阻肺急性加重期患者预后的影响因素分析

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者预后的相关危险因素。方法回顾性调查、收集58例AECOPD患者可能影响其预后的相关因素,并对其分别进行单因素分析。并进行Logistic多元逐步回归进行多因素分析,筛选影响AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素。结果单因素分析后将结果 P0.1的因素纳入多因素Logistic回归,分析发现是否合并呼吸衰竭、气促程度、白细胞计数、APACHEⅡ、应用抗氧化剂、慢阻肺治疗依从性为影响AECOPD患者预后不佳的独立因素(P0.05)。结论根据AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素,及早判断,选择合适的后续治疗方案,对提高其生存率及生存质量具有重要意义。     

Results of treatment of fistula-in-ano

To evaluate the application of Parks' classification in the management of patients with fistula-in-ano, a study was undertaken to assess the outcome of surgery, especially with respect to the recurrence rate and alteration of continence. A retrospective analysis of 160 consecutive patients who were classified at the time of operation was conducted. The distribution of fistulas was as follows: intersphincteric, 41.9 percent, transsphincteric, 52.1 percent, suprasphincteric, 1.3 percent, extrasphincteric, 0. A horseshoe extension occurred in 8.8 percent of the fistulas and 3.8 percent did not exactly conform to the classification as they were either complex or combinations of more than one type of fistula. The sole immediate postoperative complication was bleeding, which occurred one week postoperatively and ceased spontaneously (0.7 percent). Alteration in continence occurred in 6 percent of patients with 2.6 percent experiencing temporary incontinence to flatus, 1.3 percent to liquid stool, and 0.7 percent to solid stool. Permanent loss of control for flatus occurred in one patient (0.7 percent) and for liquid stool in one patient (0.7 percent). No patients suffered loss of control for solid stool. Recurrence developed in 6.3 percent of patients, all between five and 25 months postoperatively. Classifcation was found to be a useful guide in the operative management of patients with fistula-in-ano. Read at the joint meeting of the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons with the Section of Colo-Proctology, Royal Society of Medicine, and the Section of Colonic and Rectal Surgery, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, New Orleans, Louisiana, May 6 to 11, 1984.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

Intake of energy drinks in association with alcoholic beverages in a cohort of students of the School of Medicine of the University of Messina

BACKGROUND: Energy drinks (ED) are a widely used group of beverages known for their stimulant effects on central nervous system (CNS). The main components of ED are caffeine, taurine, carbohydrates, glucuronolactone, inositol, niacin, pantenol, and beta-complex vitamins. The studies evaluating the effects of ED describe improvements in attention and/or reaction times and indices of alertness. It has been also shown that combination of caffeine and glucose, fundamental constituents of ED, can ameliorate deficits in cognitive performance and subjective fatigue during extended periods of cognitive demand. Moreover, the associated ingestion of alcohol and ED has recently been observed to be becoming more and more widespread. METHODS: With the aim to know the habits and uses of students, we administered a questionnaire containing questions regarding ED drinking alone or in association with alcoholic beverages. Five hundred students of the School of Medicine of the University of Messina were interviewed, and 450 filled the questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 56.9% of students declared using ED. A great part of users (48.4%) associate frequently ED and alcohol. In particular, 35.8% of ED + alcohol users have used ED + alcohol more than 3 times in the last month. Distinguishing the users into 2 groups (users of ED + alcohol and users of both ED and ED + alcohol), we observed in the second group a major use of cocktail containing a mix of ED and alcoholic beverages. This difference between the 2 groups is less represented about the ingestion of ED + alcohol in the night. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that association of ED + alcohol is very popular among students. This behavior can be dangerous. In fact, the combination of ED + alcoholic drinks can reduce adversive symptoms of alcohol intoxication including the depressant effects. As consequence, users of ED + alcoholic beverages might not feel the signs of alcohol intoxication, thus increasing the probability of accidents and/or favoring the possibility of development of alcohol dependence.