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印染工业是纺织生产中的加工工业,不同的原料有不同的印染加工整理。在印染加工过程中要采用多种多样的染料、助剂,因而废水的性质也相应地会有很大变化;同时,印染废水比其他废水变化范围大,这些都给处理印染废水带来很大的困难。废水随原料、染化料不同而性质也不同,因此,环境治理人员必须弄清这些千变万化的物质在废水中所处的状态,各种有毒物质对净化技术会产生什么影响,不能把它当成是单一的方法或技术问题,否则就不能对症下药,处理效果不大,甚至无法处理。 相似文献
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酿造、发酵和粮食加工等食品行业,在生产过程中每天都排放大量的有机废水。这些废水大多属高浓度有机废水,其中含有较多的悬浮固体,废水水质与水量的变化也很大。尽管这些废水所含的有机物不一定有毒性,但对环境的污染同样是十分严重的。如酒厂、味精厂、淀粉或豆制品加工厂的废水所到之处,鱼虾消绝、河流发臭,严重地影响了环境。 相似文献
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制革废水属于高浓度有机废水之一,其处理难度较大。本废水处理工艺采用二级VTBR生化塔接触氧化工艺处理制革废水,具有投资少、占地面积小、运行费用低、处理效果好、抗水质变化冲击能力强、操作简便等特点。废水经过处理后完全达到DB21-60-89一级排放标准,为制革废水的治理提供了一条有效途径。 相似文献
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1.绪言染色废水因染料种类、使用药剂、染色方法以及染色类别等的不同,变化复杂;其处理方法也就必须适应各自的具体情况。染色工业需要大量的优质水,因而废水量也多。废水中悬浮固体浓度虽较低,但细小的粒子多,与染色工业外的其它工厂废水相比较,不能简单地归结为悬浮固体与废水透明度有关。 相似文献
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为提高造纸废水生化处理效果,进行了降解造纸废水菌种的筛选,并将其应用在实际废水中进行效果的验证。从曝气生物滤池中初步筛选出24株废水降解菌株,将其处理造纸废水通过测定CODcr的变化复筛出了2株高效菌株D1,E2。处理造纸废水的结果是真菌菌株D1和细菌菌株E2对CODcr的去除率分别为78.4%和59.1%,表明处理造纸废水时真菌的效果更好。 相似文献
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Two advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), TiO2/UV/O2 and TiO2/UV/Cu (II), were used to remove color from a Kraft bleaching effluent. The optimal decoloration rate was determined by multivariate analysis, obtaining a mathematical model to evaluate the effect among variables. TiO2 and Cu (II) concentrations and the reaction times were optimized. The experimental design resulted in a quadratic matrix of 30 experiments. Additionally, the pH influence on the color removal was determined by multivariate analysis. Results indicate that color removal was 94% at acidic pH (3.0) in the presence of Cu (11) as an electron acceptor. Under this condition, the biodegradation of the effluent increased from 0.3 to 0.6. Moreover, 70% of COD (chemical oxygen demand) was removed, and the ecotoxicity, measured by Daphnia magna, was reduced. Photocatalytic oxidation to remove the color contained in the Kraft mill bleaching effluent was effective under the following conditions: short reaction time, acidic pH values, and without the addition of oxygen due to the presence of Cu (II) in the effluent. Moreover, residual Cu (II) was a minimum (0.05.mg L(-1)) and was not toxic to the next biological stage. The experimental design methodology indicated that a quadratic polynomial model may be used to representthe efficiencyfor degradation of the Kraft bleach pulp effluent by a photocatalytic process. 相似文献
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电凝聚是一种有效地处理制浆造纸工业废水的技术。对于处理制浆造纸工业废水的一些影响因素如电解时间、应用的电流辙、电解PH值及有利于提高电解效率的因素一直都研究着。从现在的实验结果可以看到,使用电凝聚处理废水的效果非常显著。有记录显示的低碳钢电极和铝电极最大的脱色率分别达到92%和84‰COD去除率分别为95%和89%。实验也指出用序列间歇反应器[Sequential Batch Reactor(SBR)]与电凝聚联合能增加生物降解能力,从而提高生物化学处理效率。电凝聚是用吸附等温线形式模拟,实验发现与朗缪尔(Langmuir)和雷德克一普劳斯尼茨(B&dke-Prausnitz)预测的等温线模型完全匹配。 相似文献
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Bleach plant effluents from the pulp and paper industry generated during bleaching with chlorine-containing chemicals are highly colored and also partly toxic due to the presence of chloro-organics, hence the need for pretreatment prior to discharge. In a rotating biological contactor (RBC) reactor effluent decolorization was studied using Coriolus versicolor, a white-rot fungus and Rhizomucor pusillus strain RM7, a mucoralean fungus. Decolorization by both fungi was directly proportional to initial color intensities. It was found that the extent of decolorization was not adversely affected by color intensity, except at the lowest level tested. It was shown that decolorization of 53 to 73% could be attained using a hydraulic retention time of 23 h. With R. pusillus, 55% of AOX were removed compared to 40% by C. versicolor. Fungal treatment with both R. pusillus and C. versicolor rendered the effluent essentially nontoxic. Addition of glucose to decolorization media stimulated color removal by C. versicolor, but not with R. pusillus. Ligninolytic enzymes (manganese peroxidase and laccase) were only detected in effluent treated by C. versicolor. It seems that there are definite differences in the decoloring mechanisms between the white-rot fungus (adsorption + biodegradation) and the mucoralean fungus (adsorption). This aspect needs to be investigated in greater detail to verify the mode responsible for the decolorization activity in both types of fungi. 相似文献
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鸡蛋内部品质与其呼吸强度的关系 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
贮藏期鸡蛋品质的变化与呼吸作用息息相关,为了进一步明确鸡蛋内部品质与其呼吸强度之间的关系,本研究选取同一品种的鸡蛋作为实验样本,利用呼吸测定仪测定鸡蛋的二氧化碳呼吸强度,通过SPSS 19.0软件分别分析鸡蛋哈夫单位、蛋白高度、pH值、黏度、蛋黄指数、蛋黄比例以及蛋黄色度与呼吸强度间的关系。结果表明:鸡蛋哈夫单位、蛋白高度及黏度与呼吸强度之间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);pH值与呼吸强度之间呈极显著负相关(P<0.01);蛋黄指数、蛋黄色度与呼吸强度之间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);而蛋黄比例与呼吸强度间相关性较小;此外,pH值与黏度、蛋黄指数、蛋黄色度间均存在极显著负相关(P<0.01);黏度与蛋黄指数、蛋黄色度之间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);蛋黄比例与其他参数相关性较小。总之,在鸡蛋内部品质参数中,鸡蛋哈夫单位、蛋白高度、蛋黄指数、pH值、黏度及蛋黄色度对呼吸强度影响较大。 相似文献
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