实验家犬的犬瘟热病例报告

家犬在科学研究中,尤其在血液循环、消化生理、神经生理以及放射生物学的研究中,被广泛应用.在实验家犬的管理工作中,犬瘟热是防疫重点之一.1980年4月,在我们进行长期实验的家犬群中流行了一次犬瘟热,经采取适当措施后,获得较好效果,现把情况介绍如下: 一、实验家犬的管理概况实验家犬45只,其中雄性30只,年龄4-5岁,经历了二年的长期实验;雌性15只,年龄2-3岁,已在动物室驯养6个月.所有实验家犬均独居于犬舍或铁笼中.每天上午将实验     

衡水市家犬感染狂犬病病毒情况调查

目的通过对我市狂犬病流行区家犬自然感染情况的调查,给我市应对家犬进行圈养和加强犬只的免疫措施提供了科学依据。方法应用间接免疫荧光试验(IFAT)对76只健康、未进行过狂犬病病毒免疫接种的家犬进行狂犬病毒抗体检测。结果狂犬病毒(Rabies virus,RV)感染率为23.7%,提示我市家犬自然感染率较高,若出现狂犬病病毒攻击时多数不能抵御感染的入侵而再次有感染的风险。结论加强对家犬的有效免疫,减少传染和传播途径,从而达到预防控制人类狂犬病的发生与流行的目的。     

尿道电切综合征模型分析

目的利用5%浓度的甘露醇冲洗液来建立家犬经尿道电切综合征(TURS)的模型,从而来研究尿道电切综合征对心功能的影响。方法选择8只家犬,以100 ml/min的速度静脉输入5%浓度的甘露醇冲洗液3000ml,建立尿道电切综合征模型,在输液之前和输液之后10、20、30、60min分别测定家犬的心功能,血清钾离子、钠离子以及氯离子的浓度,心电图等,并且对家犬进行病理的观察。结果家犬的心率、左室舒张期末内径、收缩期末内径在3min的时候增加,收缩压、舒张压、脉压和射血分数30min的时候降低。家犬的心电图有心律不齐和心肌缺血的改变。病理观察的时候出现心肌纤维间充血和局部变性的现象,家犬也出现肺脏水肿的情况。结论尿道电切综合征会引起心功能的改变,并会造成心肌损伤。发生尿道电切综合征时心率和血压的改变出现较早,应该要引起足够的重视。     

茶多酚一般药理作用的初步研究

观察茶多酚对麻醉家犬、家兔的血压、呼吸、心率、心电图及尿量的影响,结果表明口服给药对家犬血压、呼吸、心率和心电图无明显影响,对家兔有利尿作用,峰时间为给药后２ ～２－５ ｈ,呈明显量效关系;而静脉注射能明显降低家犬和家兔血压。     

实验家犬硫喷妥钠γ-OH静脉复合麻醉

我们在外科教学中,由于手术操怍的需要,家犬已成为主要的实验动物。家犬麻醉效果好坏,直接影响教学工作的质量。因此,为家犬选择适当的麻醉剂,麻醉方法及麻醉剂浓度、剂量,对于保证外科手术实验的顺利进行并取得良好效果,都是十分重要的。长期以来,乙醚、氨基甲酸乙酯、吗啡、巴比妥类药物等都是家犬的常用麻醉剂。我们教研室过去多用硫喷妥钠和异戊巴比妥钠。通过长时期使用后,发现它们都存在着     

家犬菌痢模型建立成功的几个要点

采用家犬复制菌痢模型的主要理由是:家犬为家畜,温顺易驯,易饲养管理。而且体形大,血流量占体重5.6～8.3％,易采血。就地易获得。尤其是生理特征与人相似,在科学推断上,与人类易比较。但家犬因种属特性对痢疾杆菌有特殊抗力,和人、猴相比,不易感染痢疾。 1985～1986年,作者共选用家犬68只,进行急性菌痢模型复制的实验研究。证明其临床与细菌学实验诊断指标,均符合菌痢标准。家犬被灌注FⅢ型痢疾杆菌后,约4小时开始发病,精神萎靡,反应迟钝,起卧不宁;呷吟或狂吠,鼻尖干热,躬腰竖毛;8小时后出现呕吐、拒食、作排便势、腹泻,少数呈喷射     

实验家犬前列腺炎的观察

实验家犬的前列腺炎往往被人们所忽视。作者在接受长期实验的犬群中,观察到家犬前列腺炎的发病率较高,尤其是慢性前列腺炎。它是泌尿生殖系统最常见的疾病。现将观察结果报道于下:     

胆石症病因学的探讨——胰胆返流与胆石形成的关系

测定人及家犬胆汁的胰酶活性,观察胰液对胆汁保温沉淀过程的影响并制作胰胆返流的动物模型。结果表明:胆石病人胰胆返流发生率远远高于对照组;无胰胆共同通道的家犬胆汁的胰酶活性极低;新鲜胰液使胆汁保温沉淀压积显著多于对照组;有胰液返流的家犬胆系内出现胆砂。据此提出胰胆返流是某些病人胆石形成的原因之一。本文尚讨论了其作用机制。     

虎纹蛙感染裂头蚴的调查与动物宿主感染观察

目的调查虎纹蛙自然感染裂头蚴的情况,取裂头蚴感染实验鼠和家犬,为实验教学提供依据。方法解剖虎纹蛙收集裂头蚴,将裂头蚴感染昆明鼠和BALB/c小鼠(6条/只)和SD大鼠(10条/只),对照组灌注生理盐水;60 d后解剖实验动物,收集小鼠体内裂头蚴,并取裂头蚴寄生部位组织包埋切片。将虎纹蛙和鼠体内收集的裂头蚴分别感染家犬6条/只,在感染46 d后取粪便检查,感染60 d后解剖家犬。结果野生虎纹蛙自然感染率为40.63%(403/992);解剖实验组昆明鼠、BALB/c小鼠和SD大鼠肉眼可见皮下肌肉组织有弥漫性瘀血斑点和包块形成,镜下观察见裂头蚴周围有囊壁包绕,纤维组织增生;家犬粪检查到曼氏迭宫绦虫卵,解剖家犬收集到曼氏迭宫绦虫成虫。结论广州市花都区野生虎纹蛙裂头蚴的感染率较高;昆明鼠、BALB/c小鼠和SD大鼠均可作为曼氏迭宫绦虫的转续宿主;家犬是该虫适宜的终末宿主。     

家犬经腹腔注射戊巴比妥钠全麻方法的探讨

家犬是外科实验教学常选用的实验动物,戊巴比妥钠经静脉注射全身麻醉是常用的麻醉方法。本文对49例家犬经腹腔注射戊巴比妥钠全麻方法进行总结,并与经静脉注射组进行了对照。结果具有操作简单、效率高、麻醉效果与静脉麻醉相同、麻醉死亡率较低等优点。     

淮南发现胰阔盘吸虫

目的:了解淮南地区山羊寄生蠕虫的感染情况。方法:采用蠕虫学剖解法对淮南市窑河沿岸居民饲养的患羊进行随机剖检,获得的虫体经固定、染色后制片,镜下鉴定。结果:在患羊胰管内检出6条血色样的半透明虫体,经鉴定为胰阔盘吸虫成虫。结论:淮南地区居民饲养的山羊体内存在胰阔盘吸虫的感染,应加强胰阔盘吸虫的控制和宣传教育工作。     

Topography and morphometry of the common bile duct and major duodenal papilla of man and principal domesticated animals

A comparative topography and morphometry of the common bile duct and major duodenal papilla was studied on the extrahepatic biliary apparatus of human and major domesticated animals such as horse, ox, Black Bengal (BB) goat, sheep, dog and cat of local breed. In Black Bengal goat, sheep, dog and cat, the extrahepatic biliary system seemed to be the continuation of the cystic duct, which was found to continue as the common hepatic/common bile duct into which all the hepatic/lobar ducts open. In man, the mean length and the mean diameter of the common bile duct were 7.67+/-0.58 cm. and 7.27+/-0.77 mm. respectively. In the ox, these values were 1.57+/-0.72 cm. and 11.82+/-0.79 mm. respectively; in the Black Bengal goat, 7.23+/-0.74 cm. and 4.45+/-0.72 mm. respectively; in the sheep, 5.27+/-0.66 cm. and 3.75+/-0.79 mm. respectively; in the dog, 4.72+/-0.67 cm. and 6.43+/-0.55 mm. respectively and in the cat, 3.26+/-0.87 cm. and 5.63+/-0.43 mm. respectively. In man, the mean length and the mean diameter at the base of the MDP were 4.37+/-0.56 mm. and 3.97+/-0.72 mm. respectively. In horse, these were 52.36+/-0.67 mm. and 12.47+/-0.63 mm. respectively; in ox, 12.53+/-0.73 mm. and 8.83+/-0.68 mm. respectively; in Black Bengal goat, 14.36+/-0.55 mm. and 5.23+/-0.57 mm. respectively; in sheep, 11.27+/-0.69 mm. and 4.51+/-0.74 mm. respectively; in dog, 17.43+/-0.82 mm. and 6.72+/-0.64 mm. respectively and in cat, these values were 12.36+/-0.47 mm. and 7.12+/-0.87 mm. The distance of the Major Duodenal Papilla (MDP) form the pyloric end of the stomach was proportionately shorter in the meat-eaters, i.e., the omnivorous man (9.76+/-0.88 cm), and the carnivores, dog (6.37+/-0.73 cm) and cat (2.75+/-0.87 cm.) when compared to that of the herbivores, i.e., ox (55.37+/-0.68 cm.), BB goat (23.27+/-0.89 cm.) and sheep (25.62+/-0.77 cm.). In the horse, the major duodenal papilla was perpendicular to the duodenal mucosal surface with the largest mean length and the mean diameter. In all other animals, it was obliquely placed on the duodenal surface with its opening directed aborally.     

人工驯养树鼩精子发生过程中MCM7蛋白的表达

  目的  探讨MCM7蛋白在人工驯养树鼩精子发生过程中的表达特点及其表达是否存在季节性差异，为以树鼩作为动物模型进行生殖研究提供基础性实验数据。  方法  对全年12组不同月份的成年人工驯养树鼩睾丸组织进行HE染色及MCM7蛋白的免疫组化检测。  结果  1～12月份人工驯养树鼩睾丸组织中，MCM7蛋白在曲精小管中主要表达于精原细胞和部分初级精母细胞，其阳性细胞率在2月份和3月份较全年其他月份均有显著性差异（P < 0.05）。  结论  人工驯养树鼩精子发生过程中，MCM7蛋白可能在精原细胞和初级精母细胞的DNA复制过程中发挥作用，其蛋白表达的活跃程度存在季节性差异。     

高原鼠兔人工饲育初探

目的 为在东北地区开发饲育高原鼠兔提供基础资料。方法 在室内人工饲育条件下,对高原鼠兔的外观、习性及食性等方面进行观察与研究。结果 高原鼠兔具有体型小、性情温顺、繁殖力强及饲料简单等特点,对低质饲料的利用率和对植物纤维的需求较高,超过家兔,更易饲养,结论 高原鼠兔在东北地区室内饲养是可以适应的。将高原鼠兔作为实验动物,有利于节省饲养空间和经费。     

淮南地区发现东方次睾吸虫

目的:了解淮南地区东方次睾吸虫终宿主感染情况。方法:雌性家鸭60只,18月龄,体重(2.5±0.5)kg,分别购自于淮南地区窑河和高溏湖。剖杀家鸭,在其肝胆管内分离虫体,并计算家鸭的感染率。结果:家鸭肝胆管内检出东方次睾吸虫成虫,分离阳检率为18.3%(11/60)。结论:淮南地区沿岸居民饲养的家鸭中可检出东方次睾吸虫成虫。     

Biodegradation of Complex Bacteria on Phenolic Derivatives in River Water

Objective To isolate, incubate, and identify 4-chlorophenol-degrading complex bacteria, determine the tolerance of these bacteria to phenolic derivatives and study their synergetic metabolism as well as the aboriginal microbes and co-metabolic degradation of mixed chlorophenols in river water. Methods Microbial community of complex bacteria was identified by plate culture observation techniques and Gram stain method. Bacterial growth inhibition test was used to determine the tolerance of complex bacteria to toxicants. Biodegradability of phenolic derivatives was determined by adding 4-chlorophenol-degrading bacteria in river water. Results The complex bacteria were identified as Mycopiana, Alcaligenes, Pseudomonas, and Flavobacterium. The domesticated complex bacteria were more tolerant to phenolic derivatives than the aboriginal bacteria from Qinhuai River. The biodegradability of chlorophenols, dihydroxybenzenes and nitrophenols under various aquatic conditions was determined and compared. The complex bacteria exhibited a higher metabolic efficiency on chemicals than the aboriginal microbes, and the final removal rate of phenolic derivatives was increased at least by 55% when the complex bacteria were added into river water. The metabolic relationship between dominant mixed bacteria and river bacteria was studied. Conclusion The complex bacteria domesticated by 4-chlorophenol can grow and be metabolized to take other chlorophenols, dihydroxybenzenes and nitrophenols as the sole carbon and energy source. There is a synergetic metabolism of most compounds between the aboriginal microbes in river water and the domesticated complex bacteria, 4- chlorophenol-degrading bacteria can co-metabolize various chlorophenols in fiver water.     

金乡县2005～2008年动物粪便O_(157)∶H7大肠杆菌带菌监测情况分析

目的为进一步摸清O157∶H7大肠杆菌在本地区动物携带情况,于2005～2008年采集金乡县部分农家动物粪便共计1654份。方法用免疫磁珠富集方法捕获O157∶H7,接种于山梨醇—麦康凯培养基,可疑菌落转种科玛嘉大肠杆菌O157∶H7显色培养基之后进行生化和血清学鉴定。结果4年从牛、鸡、猪、羊等动物粪便中共检出O157∶H7大肠杆菌59株,检出率为3.57%,其中牛携带率最高为8.02%,结论提示本地区有肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7感染的可能,应加强动物管理和疫情监测,防止疫情扩散蔓延。     

视网膜变性疾病的动物模型研究进展

动物视网膜变性的发病机理与人类的视网膜疾病有某些同源性．因此是研究药物治疗、基因治疗及视网膜移植治疗的有用模型。现根据视网膜色素变性的遗传类型将视网膜变性动物模型的研究进展作一综述。     

Effect of dog-walking on autonomic nervous activity in senior citizens

OBJECTIVE: To compare changes in autonomic nervous activity in healthy senior individuals while walking with and without a dog, and during routine activities at home and periods of interacting with the dog at home. DESIGN: Controlled crossover study. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: 13 healthy volunteers (3 men, 10 women; mean age, 67.5 years) who walked in a park adjacent to Gunma University, Japan, and 4 volunteers among these who underwent monitoring in their own homes. INTERVENTIONS: Heart rate variability was monitored continuously by means of a palm-sized electrocardiographic monitor (which facilitated spectral analysis of the RR interval) while participants walked for 30 minutes (first with, then without, the study dog, or vice versa); three participants underwent this intervention on 3 consecutive days. Four participants underwent continuous monitoring for 6 hours in their own homes, including two 30-minute periods of free interaction with the study dog. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: High frequency (HF) power values of heart rate variability, which is a measure of parasympathetic neural activity. RESULTS: During dog-walking, HF power increased significantly (P < 0.01); this increase was sustained throughout each dog walk, and was more pronounced during succeeding dog walks. At home, HF power was 1.87 times greater when the dog was present, and 1.57 times greater (P < 0.01) than in the walking experiment. CONCLUSIONS: Walking a dog has potentially greater health benefits as a buffer against stress in senior citizens than walking without a dog; and, independent of actually walking, merely patting and talking to a dog also raises parasympathetic neural activity. Power spectral analysis of heart rate variability shows promise as a non-invasive approach to quantifying clinicophysiological research on human health benefits possibly derived from interaction with companion animals.     

The epidemiology of dog walking: an unmet need for human and canine health

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of dog walking in New South Wales, and to identify potential health gains if more dogs were walked. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analytical survey. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: 894 adults in NSW in 1998 (among the owners of approximately two million domestic dogs in NSW who were potential participants in dog-walking behaviours). INTERVENTIONS: None yet. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Dog walking hours per week; other DogEpi concepts to illustrate the public health gains include the DAF (dog attributable fraction), and the BBR (benefits to bites ratio). RESULTS: The response rate to the survey was 74%. 46% of households in NSW had a dog and, overall, dog owners walked 18 minutes per week more than non-dog owners. However, more than half of dog owners did not walk their dogs, and were less likely than non-owners to meet recommended levels of physical activity sufficient for health benefits. If all dog owners walked their dogs, substantial disease prevention and healthcare cost savings of $175 million per year might accrue. CONCLUSIONS: There are potential benefits of dog walking for human health; currently, among dog owners, much of this benefit remains to be realised. There are also likely benefits for canine health. Dog walking should be promoted through national strategies recommending "Walkies for all by the year 2010".