附加超声对6061-T6铝合金/Q235钢搅拌摩擦焊搭接工艺优化

采用超声振动强化搅拌摩擦焊接工艺实现了6061-T6铝合金和Q235钢异种金属的有效连接,考察了超声能量对焊缝成形、接头组织、力学性能以及焊接载荷的影响.结果表明,施加超声能量可以显著改善焊缝表面成形,增加铝/钢界面区和焊核区的宽度.超声振动细化了焊核区和热力影响区的晶粒组织,改变了搭接接头的断裂机制和断裂位置,提高了...     

焊接工艺参数对6061-T6铝合金静止轴肩搅拌摩擦焊组织及力学性能的影响

采用不同的压入量、旋转速度和焊接速度对6061-T6铝合金进行静止轴肩搅拌摩擦焊,研究了焊接工艺参数对接头组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,所有试验参数下,焊缝表面光滑、几乎不产生飞边,焊接工艺参数能够影响材料的流动性,进而对接头成形、组织和力学性能产生影响。焊接工艺参数显著影响焊核区形态,当焊核区为球状,焊缝显微组织硬度呈W形对称分布;而当焊核区为碗状时,前进侧显微硬度略高于后退侧。在最优参数下,即压入量为0. 08 mm、旋转速度为1 600 r/min和焊接速度为500 mm/min,接头抗拉强度为224 MPa,达到母材的75. 6%。     

6063-T6铝合金双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接头组织及力学性能分析

对4 mm厚6063-T6铝合金进行了双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接试验. 结果表明,双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊可以实现6063-T6铝合金的焊接,得到表面成形良好且内部无缺陷的接头. 接头宏观形貌为哑铃状,其微观形貌分为焊核区、热力影响区、热影响区及母材区. 在搅拌头转速为1 200 r/min,焊接速度为400~700 mm/min的工艺区间内,接头强度呈先升高后降低的趋势,最高可达181.64 MPa,为母材的68.5%,硬度分布呈W状分布,接头断裂位置位于前进侧热影响区,断裂方式为韧性断裂.     

2A12T4/6061T6异种铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接接头性能分析

为满足异种铝合金结构件焊接需求，对10 mm厚的2A12T4/6061T6异种铝合金板进行了搅拌摩擦焊接试验，分析了不同工艺参数焊接接头的微观组织和性能。结果表明：焊接接头焊核区与热机械影响区分界在前进侧明显，而在返回侧不明显；除搅拌头旋转速度为700 r/min、前进速度为300 mm/min的焊接试样外，其余试样的拉伸断裂均发生在6061T6铝合金侧的热影响区，拉伸断裂均呈韧性断裂；焊核区的硬度比热影响区的硬度大，但比母材的硬度小，2A12T4铝合金侧的硬度明显高于6061T6铝合金侧的硬度。当搅拌头旋转速度为600 r/min、焊接速度为300 mm/min时，焊接接头的抗拉强度最高，为249 MPa。     

22mm 6061-T6铝合金板的搅拌摩擦焊接

采用搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)方法对厚度为22mm的6061-T6铝合金板进行单道对接焊实验,并对焊缝的力学性能和微观组织进行了分析。结果表明,用FSW方法焊接22mm厚的6061-T6铝合金板可得到成形美观、内部无缺陷的平板对接接头。在旋转速度为1000r/min、焊接速度为120mm/min时,其焊接接头的σb=205MPa,为母材强度的66%。     

6082-T6铝合金高焊接速度搅拌摩擦焊接头微观组织与力学性能

研究了高焊接速度2000 mm/min下6 mm厚6082-T6铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头的组织与力学性能.结果 表明,在高焊接速度下,铝合金接头成形良好,焊核内部没有缺陷.焊核区"S"线呈现出不连续分布状态,焊核区晶粒尺寸细化至10 μm,热影响区的沉淀相粗化受到明显抑制.接头的最低硬度值明显提高至72 HV,达到焊核区硬...     

转速对6061铝合金/纯铜异种金属搅拌摩擦焊接头组织与性能的影响

采用搅拌摩擦焊技术对4 mm厚6061-T6铝合金和纯铜进行连接,研究转速对铝铜异种金属接头组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,当焊接速度为30 mm/min、搅拌头转速在1 200~1 800 r/min的范围内,可以获得表面成形良好、无缺陷的铝铜异种金属接头。大量破碎的铜被搅入焊核区,形成了组织结构复杂的区域。通过EDS和XRD分析,在焊核区内发现了Al_2Cu、Al_4Cu_9和Al Cu金属间化合物。在界面处,铝和铜发生相互扩散形成金属间化合物层,随着转速的提高,化合物层逐渐变厚。由于晶粒细化、固溶强化作用以及金属间化合物的生成,异种接头的焊核区平均显微硬度值高于铝铜两侧平均硬度,并且在焊核区出现硬度峰值点。随着转速的增加,接头抗拉强度呈现先增大后减小的趋势,所得最优接头抗拉强度为183 MPa,达到铜母材的71.8%,断裂位置位于铝侧热影响区,断裂方式为韧性断裂。     

DP590钢/AA6061-T6铝合金异种金属对接搅拌摩擦焊温度场的数值模拟

为了研究DP590钢和AA6061-T6铝合金异种金属对接搅拌摩擦焊工艺参数对温度场的影响,优化实际焊接时工艺参数的可选择范围,首先建立了异种金属对接搅拌摩擦焊搅拌头摩擦生热的热输入模型,然后运用ABAQUS软件模拟出DP590钢和AA6061-T6铝合金对接搅拌摩擦焊的温度场,研究焊接过程中异种板材温度场的分布规律,最后通过调整焊接参数模拟出接头的温度分布,对比分析搅拌头偏置位置、焊接参数对接头温度场的影响。结果表明:钢铝异种金属对接搅拌摩擦焊焊接过程中的最高温度处位于DP590钢板侧,搅拌针偏置主要影响钢板的温度分布,搅拌头转速是影响焊接接头温度场的主要因素。     

热输入对5A06-6061铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头断裂特征的影响

在自然冷却和压缩空气强制冷却条件下,搅拌摩擦对接焊接5A06-H112和6061-T651异种铝合金,借助单轴拉伸、纳米压入和显微观测手段,研究热输入对接头拉伸断裂特征的影响规律,揭示其影响机制。结果表明:当转速焊速比(γ)为1.5r/mm(热输入过低)时,焊核区材料因混合不充分形成S线缺陷,导致接头沿此缺陷在焊核区发生脆性断裂;当转速焊速比达到3.0 r/mm后,焊核区材料混合充分,韧性断裂均发生在6061侧的热影响区。随着热输入增加,断裂角度由41°逐渐减小至3°,断裂类型由切断断裂演化成正断断裂。纳米压入硬度分布显示6061侧的热影响区为接头的弱化区域,该区域的宽度和倾角直接影响断裂角度。断口微观形貌分析表明,抑制热输入有助于增大断裂角度,使接头以切断断裂为主,从而产生更多剪切韧窝,提高接头的断裂伸长率。     

2195-T6铝锂合金搅拌摩擦焊接头微观组织结构与力学性能

采用搅拌摩擦焊对2 mm厚的2195-T6铝锂合金进行焊接,利用OM,SEM,EBSD等分析技术探讨焊接速度对接头组织结构与力学性能的影响. 结果表明,搅拌头转速为800 r/min、焊接速度在120 ~ 210 mm/min范围内,焊核区晶粒均较为细小,平均晶粒尺寸约为1 μm. 随着焊接速度的提高,大角度晶界含量增大,焊核区的{110}<110>织构和{011}<100>戈斯织构消失. 接头硬度的最低值均出现在后退侧热影响区,且在焊接速度为180 mm/min时,接头的抗拉强度与断后伸长率达到最大值,最大抗拉强度为467 MPa,约为母材的86.3%,此时断后伸长率为5.0%,断裂模式为韧性断裂,但断口呈现一定的脆性断裂特征.     

6061-T6铝合金中空薄壁型材双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊工具设计与工艺分析

基于双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊热输入的理论分析,建立了焊接工具结构尺寸特征值与待焊工件厚度之间的工程模型.利用该工程模型,设计并优化得到适用于厚度为2.5 mm的6061-T6铝合金薄板的双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊工具.使用该工具对中空薄壁型材进行焊接,并对焊接工艺参数进行优化. 结果表明,当焊接工具转速为1 000 r/min、焊接速度为600 mm/min时,可以得到综合力学性能最佳的焊接接头,其中正面焊缝焊接接头抗拉强度可达231 MPa,为母材抗拉强度的77%,弯曲角度达180°;反面焊缝焊接接头抗拉强度可达226 MPa,为母材抗拉强度的76%,弯曲角度达180°.     

Mechanical properties of friction stir welded Al alloys with different hardening mechanisms

The mechanical properties of precipitation hardened Al 6061-T651 and Al 7075-T6 and strain hardened Al 5083-H32, friction stir welded with various welding parameters, were examined in the present study. 4 mm thick Al 6061-T651, Al 7075-T6, and Al 5083-H32 alloy plates were used for friction stir welding (FSW) with rotating speed varied from 1000 to 2500 rpm (rotation per minute) and welding speed ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 mpm (m/min). Each alloy displayed slightly different trends with respect to the effect of different welding parameters on the tensile properties of the FSWed Al alloys. The tensile elongation of FSWed Al 6061-T651 and Al 7075-T6 tended to increase greatly, while the tensile strength decreased marginally, with increasing welding speed and/or decreasing rotating speed. The tensile strength and the tensile elongation of Al 6061-T651 decreased from 135 to 154 MPa and 10.6 to 17.0%, respectively, with increasing welding speed from 0.1 to 0.4 mpm at a rotating speed of 1,600 rpm. Unlike the age-hardened Al 6061-T651 and Al 7075-T6, the strain-hardened Al 5083-H32 showed no notable change in tensile property with varying welding parameters. The change in the strength level with different welding parameters for each alloy was not as significant as the variation in tensile elongation. It was believed that the tensile elongation of FSWed Al alloys with varying welding parameters was mainly determined by the coarse particle clustering. With respect to the change in tensile strength during friction stir welding, it is hypothesized that two competing mechanisms, recovery by friction and heat and strain hardening by plastic flow in the weld zone offset the effects of different welding parameters on the tensile strength level of FSWed Al alloys.     

Rupture locations of friction stir welded joints of AA2017-T351 and AA6061-T6 aluminum alloys

The tensile rupture locations of friction stir welded joints of AA2017-T351 and AA6061-T6 aluminum alloys were examined. The experiments show that the rupture locations of the joints are different for the two aluminum alloys, which are influenced by the welding parameters. When the joints are free of welding defects, the AA2017-T351 joints are ruptured in the weld nugget adjacent to the thermo-mechanically affected zone on the advancing side and the rupture surfaces appear as oval contours of the weld nugget, while the AA6061-T6 joints are ruptured in the heat affected zone on the retreating side and the rupture surfaces are inclined at a certain degree to the bottom surfaces of the joints. When welding defects are present in the joints, the AA2017-T351 joints are ruptured in the weld center, while the AA6061-T6 joints are ruptured on the retreating side near the weld center. The rupture locations of the joints are dependent on the internal structures of the joints and can be explained through them.     

30 mm 7A05铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织及力学性能

采用搅拌摩擦焊方法利用新型搅拌头对30 mm厚的7A05-T6铝合金进行了单道对接,焊后分析讨论了焊缝接头微观组织和力学性能.结果表明,接头焊核区发生动态再结晶,生成细小的等轴晶粒;焊缝两侧热力影响区受机械和热的双重作用,组织存在较大差异,前进侧为窄条状组织,后退侧为扁平状组织;热影响区晶粒粗化;在焊接30 mm板时,工艺参数范围较窄,旋转频率为360 r/min,焊接速度为100 mm/min时,可获得无缺陷、成形好的焊缝;接头抗拉强度为367.7 MPa、屈服强度为280.8 MPa、断后伸长率为14.4%高于母材,接头抗拉强度可达母材的95%.接头显微硬度的分布呈类似W形分布,热影响区软化趋势比较明显.     

超声振动对6061-T4铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织和性能的影响

利用自主研制的试验装置,通过工具头将超声振动能量施加在搅拌头前方的待焊工件上,研究了超声振动能量对减少焊接缺陷、改善搅拌摩擦焊接头组织和力学性能的影响.对6 mm厚度6061-T4铝合金板进行了超声振动强化搅拌摩擦焊工艺试验,并与相同工艺条件下的常规搅拌摩擦焊进行了对比.结果表明,超声振动能够减小焊速/转速比较大时的焊缝内部隧道型缺陷,增大材料对接混合区宽度和焊核区体积,细化焊核区和热力影响区微观组织,提高接头抗拉强度和焊核区显微硬度.     

Microstructural characterization and mechanical properties of aluminum 6061-T6 plates welded with copper insert plate (Al/Cu/Al) using friction stir welding

Friction stir welding was used to join two aluminum 6061-T6 plates with an insert of a pure copper plate (Al/Cu/Al), and then the influence of the copper insert on the joint performance was studied. The dissimilar welding results were also compared with AA 6061 friction stir welds produced without copper insert (Al/Al). Optical and scanning electron microscopes were used for the microstructural observations of the welded samples. X-ray diffraction analysis was used to analyze phase component of the Al/Cu/Al specimen. A defect-free joint was observed for the Al/Cu/Al joint at a rotational speed of 950 r/min and a welding speed of 50 mm/min. Microstructural observation of the weld nugget zone (WNZ) demonstrates the formation of composite-like structure which promotes metallurgical bonding of aluminum and copper. XRD results show the formation of intermetallic compounds (IMCs), such as Al₄Cu₉ and Al₂Cu. Furthermore, it was observed that the hardness of the weld with the Cu insert plate is higher than that of other samples due to more dislocation density and a distinct rise in hardness values was observed due to the presence of IMCs. The ultimate tensile strength of the joint with copper insert plate is higher than that of the other sample due to the strong metallurgical bonding between Al and Cu.     

7075铝合金与H68黄铜的搅拌摩擦焊组织分析

采用金相显微镜对7075铝合金与H68黄铜异种材料搅拌摩擦焊接头组织进行观察、采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）对焊接接头中相结构进行分析,并采用显微硬度计对焊接接头硬度分布进行测试.结果表明,搅拌针的旋转频率为1 100 r/min,焊接速度为80 mm/min时,焊接接头未形成金属间化合物,焊核区晶粒细化,且显微硬度值增加...