Q345D钢的热变形抗力研究

利用Gleeble-3500热-力模拟试验机,在变形温度为750~1 200℃、应变速率为0.01~10 s~(-1)、应变量为0.7的条件下对Q345D钢进行单道次压缩试验,得到其真应力-真应变曲线,分析了变形温度、应变速率和变形程度对变形抗力的影响。结果表明,降低变形温度和提高变形速率,均可使Q345D钢的变形抗力增大;只有在较低的变形速率和较高的变形温度下,Q345D钢才发生动态再结晶。通过非线性拟合,建立了Q345D钢的变形抗力模型,并与试验变形抗力进行对比分析,结果表明该模型具有较高的拟合精度。     

复合析出强化超高强度钢20Co14Ni12Cr2MoAl的动态再结晶行为

通过Gleeble-3800热力模拟试验机采用高温轴向压缩试验,在温度为850~1150℃,应变速率为0.01~10 s~(-1)的条件下,对一种碳化物和金属间化合物复合析出硬化超高强度20Co14Ni12Cr2Mo Al钢的高温变形及动态再结晶行为进行了研究。结果表明,试验钢流变应力和峰值应变随着变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低而减小;随着变形速率的提高,其发生完全动态再结晶的温度也逐渐升高。当变形速率为10 s~(-1)时,其变形温度高于1050℃,才能发生完全动态再结晶;完全动态再结晶晶粒的平均尺寸随着Zener-Hollomon参数的增加而减小,试验钢完全动态再结晶晶粒尺寸与Z参数之间的关系模型为:D_(DRX)=2.644×10~4·Z~(-0.119),并建立了该钢的动态再结晶状态图;试验钢的热变形激活能Q值为449.20 k J/mol。     

GH3230合金高温热变形行为及微观组织变化

通过热压缩实验,研究了GH3230合金在温度950～1220℃和应变速率0. 1～10 s~(-1)条件下的高温热变形行为,构建了高温变形抗力数学模型,并分析了微观组织的变化。结果表明:随着应变速率的增加和变形温度的降低,材料的高温变形抗力增大;变形温度的提高和应变速率的增加有利于动态再结晶的发生和动态再结晶晶粒的长大; GH3230合金高温变形抗力可用Zener-Hollomon参数的高精度双曲正弦函数描述,其中热变形材料常数为:A=1. 22279×1028,n=8. 64987,α=0. 00284,平均变形激活能Q=742. 335 k J·mol~(-1);对于GH3230合金,采用高温和低应变速率可以获得优良的热加工等轴晶粒组织和低的加工变形抗力。     

X120管线钢热变形行为及动态再结晶晶粒的演变规律

采用Gleeble-3500单道次热压缩试验研究了X120管线钢的动态再结晶行为。结果表明:该钢在温度1 050~1 150℃和应变速率0.01~0.1 s-1下变形时容易发生动态再结晶;当应变速率为1~10 s-1时,动态再结晶难于发生。该钢热变形时的Z(Zener-Hollomon)参数方程为Z=.εexp[(498.288×/1038.31T)];动态再结晶发生的临界应变量εc和Z参数的关系为εc=0.034 445 lnZ-1.200 188 3;动态再结晶变形激活能Qd=498.288 kJ/mo。l试验结果为该钢轧制工艺的制定提供了依据。     

低合金钢Q345B动态再结晶动力学模型

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟实验机对低合金钢Q345B进行热压缩实验,研究其在变形温度为900～1100℃和应变速率为0.01～10s-1条件下的动态再结晶行为。结果表明:低合金钢Q345B在变形过程中存在动态再结晶现象,且随着温度的升高和应变速率的降低,临界应变越小,动态再结晶越易发生。根据流变应力、应变速率和变形温度的相关性,得到了动态再结晶激活能。通过对热模拟实验数据的分析计算,建立了峰值应变模型,动态再结晶临界应变模型和动态再结晶动力学模型。并对动态再结晶动力学模型进行了误差分析,证明了模型具有较高的精确性。最后,通过所建立的模型分析了变形条件对动态再结晶的影响,验证了实验所得出的在高温、低应变速率下更有利于动态再结晶发生的规律。     

300M钢的热变形行为研究

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机在1123～1423 K、以0.01～10 s-1的应变速率,对300M钢进行了高温轴向压缩变形试验,并对不同变形条件下300M钢的金相组织进行了观察分析。结果表明:300M钢的高温流变曲线类型可分为动态回复型和动态再结晶型两种,随着变形温度的降低和变形速率的增加,300M钢的高温流变曲线逐渐由动态再结晶型向动态回复型转变。流变应力和峰值应变随变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低而减小;实验钢在真应变为1.2、应变速率为0.01～10 s-1的条件下,随变形速率的提高,其发生完全动态再结晶的温度也逐渐升高。当变形速率为10 s-1时,其变形温度高于1423 K,才会发生完全动态再结晶;测得300M钢的热变形激活能为391.51 kJ/mol,并建立了300M钢的热变形方程以及动态再结晶条件下峰值应变εp与Zener-Hollomon因子的定量关系。     

30MnSi钢热变形抗力的数学模型

利用Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机对30MnSi钢进行单道次压缩实验,研究和分析了变形温度、变形速率和变形量对热变形抗力的影响。结果表明,应变速率为0.1 s-1时,材料在850~1 100℃温度区间均发生动态再结晶。随着应变速率增加,动态再结晶所需温度逐步提高,应变速率增至10 s-1,变形温度低于1 150℃均未发生动态再结晶。在实测不同变形温度、变形速率和变形量与变形抗力关系的实验数据的基础上,采用Origin软件对实验数据进行回归分析,建立了30MnSi钢的变形抗力数学模型。     

新型中合金超高强度钢的热变形行为北大核心CSCD

采用Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机研究了含有W、Mo等多种碳化物形成元素的新型中合金超高强度钢的热变形行为,变形温度为800~1200℃,应变速率为0.01~10 s^(-1),最大应变量为0.7。热模拟试验得到了试验钢的高温流变应力曲线,其变形抗力随变形温度的降低和应变速率的提高而增加。在变形温度1000℃以上进行热压缩时,试验钢可发生动态再结晶;变形温度的升高会促进晶粒粗化及二次再结晶的发生,而应变速率的提升有利于促进再结晶晶粒的细化和均匀化。根据试验钢的高温流变应力曲线,计算出试验钢的热加工本构方程,并建立了真应变为0.4的热加工图。结合微观组织演变的分析结果,得出试验钢的最佳热加工区域应为:变形温度为1000~1100℃、应变速率为1~10 s^(-1)。     

60Si2CrV弹簧钢的热变形行为及流变应力模型研究

利用Gleeble-3800型热模拟机对60Si2CrV弹簧钢进行了不同条件的高温单道次压缩试验。研究了热变形抗力与变形温度、应变速率及真应变之间的关系,并经回归得到了60Si2CrV弹簧钢的动态再结晶参数模型和热变形抗力模型。结果表明:动态再结晶在较高的温度和较低的应变速率下发生,试样的热变形抗力均随温度的升高而降低,随应变速率的增大而增大。通过热变形抗力模型计算的结果和试验结果吻合良好。     

基于TMCP研究套管钢30MnCr22的动态再结晶

以经济型P110钢级石油套管用钢30MnCr22为研究对象,采用Gleeble-1500D热模拟实验机进行单道次热压缩实验,测得其在不同变形温度和变形速度条件下该钢的真应力-真应变曲线。根据30MnCr22钢的高温流变应力曲线和实际变形条件,分析了其在TMCP条件下穿孔、连续轧管和减径过程中的再结晶控制策略。采用Origin软件对各种变形条件下的峰值应力进行分析,采用线性回归法,得出基于Zener-Hollomon参数的流变应力函数关系,建立了30MnCr22钢的高温流变应力数学模型。在此基础上分析了峰值应力R_p、峰值应力对应的压应变ε_p、动态再结晶临界应变ε_c与lnZ之间的关系。结果表明,在热变形过程中,30MnCr22存在动态再结晶现象,而且随着变形温度的升高,动态再结晶临界应变减小,流变应力减小,动态再结晶易发生。随着应变速率的增大,峰值应力R_p会越来越大,但峰值应力所对应的应变值ε_p在不同变形温度下的变化情况却不太一致。当变形温度较高时,ε_p随应变速率的升高而升高,但当变形温度较低时,ε_p随着应变速率的升高先升高,然后又下降。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.