过冷Ni-15％Cu合金组织与微观织构演化规律

采用熔融玻璃净化和循环过热方法实现Ni-15％Cu（摩尔分数）合金的深过冷。采用再辉后自然冷却和水淬两种方式研究凝固冷却对凝固组织和微观织构的影响。在小过冷度下,自然冷却条件下晶粒细化组织呈随机位向,而快淬条件下晶粒细化组织呈集中位向,但均无退火孪晶;在大过冷度下,晶粒细化组织呈随机位向,大量退火孪晶出现,再结晶和晶粒长大发生。分析表明：在小过冷度和大过冷度下的晶粒细化组织的微观织构形成过程中,对流和再结晶起重要作用。     

Correlation of recalescence with grain refinement of magnesium alloys

The grain refinement of Mg-Al based alloys with carbon inoculation was investigated by a computer-aided cooling curve analysis(CA-CCA) system.The results show that carbon inoculation decreases the main parameters of the recalescence regime during the initial stage of solidification.These parameters include the recalescence undercooling(Δθ_(rec)),duration of recalescence (t_(rec)),and liquid peak parameter(LPP) which is firstly introduced into magnesium alloys.The resultant grain size decreases with incre...     

Influence of grain size on magnetic and transport properties of polycrystalline La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 manganites

In this study, we have investigated the effects of grain size on the magnetic and transport properties of polycrystalline La_0.8Sr_0.2MnO₃ samples. The samples were prepared by solid-state reaction method. In order to obtain a series of samples with different grain sizes, the bulk sample was subjected to high energy ball milling. The magnetization decreases by decreasing grain size. A decrease in magnetization by decreasing grain size is due to the increasing of magnetically disordered states at the surface of grains. By decreasing the grain size the resistivity increases and a second peak was observed at temperatures well bellow T_c. The intrinsic CMR decreases by decreasing grain size while the extrinsic intergranular MR is promoted to larger values. A model, proposed by Zhang et al. [N. Zhang, W. Ding, W. Zhong, D. Xing, Y. Du, Phys. Rev. B 56 (1997) p. 8138.], involving domain walls contribution and a spin polarized tunneling between neighboring grains of manganites below transition temperature may be responsible for this behavior.     

连铸工艺对方坯凝固组织影响的数值模拟

铸坯凝固组织特征对于连铸坯粗坯质量具有重要影响。通过建立重轨钢U71Mn方坯连铸过程中传热和凝固组织模拟数学模型,研究了CA模型特征参数和连铸操作工艺参数对于凝固组织特征的影响规律。研究结果表明：平均形核过冷度控制柱状晶区域,随着该值的增大,柱状晶区域也随之增大;最大形核密度控制晶粒尺寸,该值越大晶粒的尺寸则越小。连铸拉坯速度波动在±0.5m/min时,最终铸态组织特征并没有明显变化,而浇注温度对于最终铸坯组织结构具有较大的影响,晶粒平均半径由15℃的1.555mm增加到45℃的1.721mm,并且中心等轴晶比例逐渐减小。因此,连铸生产过程中,在满足钢液顺利浇注的条件下,降低浇注钢液的过热度会很大程度上改善重轨钢内部组织结构,提高铸坯内部质量。     

Mg-3Sn-1Mn-1La镁合金热压缩组织演变与应变修正本构方程

通过对铸态Mg-3Sn-1Mn-1La合金在变形温度为200~450℃、应变速率为0.001~1.0s^-1条件下进行热压缩实验,研究了其热变形行为和微观组织变化规律。结果表明:随着变形温度的降低和应变速率的升高,流变应力明显增大而再结晶晶粒尺寸减小。在变形温度较低的条件下,连续动态再结晶是主要的再结晶机制。然而,当变形温度升高时,非连续动态再结晶机制占主导。分析和修正了摩擦和变形热对流变应力的影响。结果表明,与摩擦相比变形热对流变应力的影响更加明显,且随着应变速率的增加和变形温度的降低,变形热对流变应力的影响更加明显。在实验数据的基础上建立了应变修正的本构方程。通过对实验值与预测值的对比发现,所建立的本构方程能够准确地描述实验合金的热变形行为。     

Effect of Superheated Temperature and Cooling Rate on the Solidification of Undercooled Ti MeltEI北大核心CSCD

Undercooling is an important parameter to characterize the process of solidification and the physical properties of the melt. However, the traditional experimental conditions do not provide mature technical conditions and experimental platforms for the study of this subject. Molecular dynamics simulation method can not only study the experimental process and the organization structure, but also break through the limited conditions of the laboratory, and provide advanced prediction for scientific research. In order to study the influences of superheated temperature and cooling rate on the undercooling of the homogeneous nucleation and the solidified structure, the solidification of undercooled Ti melt was studied by molecular dynamics simulation in this work; and the solidified structure was then analyzed by the radial analysis, the H-A key type analysis and the largest groups of cluster analysis. The results show that, the nucleation undercooling of Ti melt increases with the rise of superheated temperature. In the undercooling vs temperature curve there are two inflection points at 2100 K (T1) and 2490 K (T2), which correspond to the breaking-start temperature and breaking-end temperature for bond pair of nucleation cluster. In this temperature range, the number of nucleation clusters decreases with rise of temperature. When the superheated temperature is higher than T2, the nucleation undercooling approaches a constant. On the other hand, the nucleation undercooling of Ti melt increases with the accelerate of cooling rate until an anomalous structure is formed, and in the numbers of the bonds of the structure vs different cooling rate curves, the number of 1541, 1551 and 1431 bond types gradually adds with cooling rate go-ing up. In addition, when the cooling rate is less than 1.0x10(11) K/s, the hcp and bcc inlaid crystalline structures are obtained after the solidification of Ti melt. When the cooling rate is greater than or equal to 1.0x10(13) K/s, two kinds of crystalline structure are reduced, and the microstructures are mainly amorphous. When the cooling rate ranges between 1.0x10(11) K/s and 1.0x10(13) K/s, its structure is a mixture of crystalline and amorphous. From the results of radial distribution, H-A bond type and atomic cluster analysis, it was found that the critical cooling rate for amorphous structure is determined as 1.0x10(13) K/s.     

冷却速度对超高强马氏体钢的马氏体相变起始温度和硬度的影响

采用热膨胀法测量了马氏体试验钢在20~70 ℃/s冷却速度下的马氏体相变起始温度(Ms点温度),并研究了其对试验钢硬度的影响。结果表明,冷却速度的提高可增加奥氏体强度、提高奥氏体的热稳定性,进而降低马氏体相变起始温度。同时,更高的冷却速度容易造成晶格畸变,增大位错密度,还会提高过冷度,细化有效晶粒尺寸,使试验钢的硬度提高。     

Grain refinement of Al-Cu alloy in low voltage pulsed magnetic field

The effect of a low voltage pulsed magnetic field (LVPMF) on grain refinement of Al-Cu alloy was investigated at different solidification stages. The cooling curve was also studied to investigate the grain refinement mechanism of LVPMF. The fine grains are obtained by applying the LVPMF during the nucleation stage. The LVPMF has no obvious influence on the solidification structure when it is applied during liquid phase stage or crystal growth stage. Application of LVPMF increases the nucleation temperature of the isomorphous transformation, and also decreases the recalescence magnitude of the alloy. The refining mechanism was proposed that the LVPMF provides extra energy for nucleation, which decreases the energy barrier and the critical radius for nucleation, leading to high nucleation rate and grain refinement.     

Al25Nb20Ti30Zr25低密度高熵合金的组织和性能

通过Thermo-Calc软件计算、微观组织多尺度表征以及热模拟试验等研究了Al₂₅Nb₂₀Ti₃₀Zr₂₅合金的组织结构、高温组织稳定性和热加工性能。结果表明,Al₂₅Nb₂₀Ti₃₀Zr₂₅合金的铸锭组织主要由BCC基体相和Zr₅Al₃析出相组成,Zr₅Al₃相在BCC晶界连续析出,晶粒内部的Zr₅Al₃相呈块状分布,平均尺寸在750 nm左右;合金在750~1000 ℃保温24 h后,基体中的晶粒尺寸并未发生明显变化;随着温度的增加,Zr₅Al₃相含量小幅度降低,合金的高温组织稳定性较好。建立了合金的本构方程为$\dot{ε}$=4.5×10¹⁴×[sinh(0.0063σ_p)]^2.8exp(-419/RT),并绘制了合金的能量耗散系数图;在1050 ℃/1 s^-1变形条件下,能量耗散系数达到峰值0.69,在该变形条件下等温锻造出尺寸为$\phi$ 180 mm×20 mm完整无开裂的圆形块体材料。锻造消除了原始晶界处连续分布的Zr₅Al₃相,使其分解成短杆状均匀分布于合金基体中,BCC基体组织发生了动态回复和部分再结晶。     

退火对冷轧Al0.2CoCrFe2Ni高熵合金组织和力学性能的影响

研究了不同温度退火对80%冷轧Al_0.2CoCrFe₂Ni高熵合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。使用X射线衍射仪(XRD) 、电子背散射衍射仪(EBSD)、微控电子万能试验机分别对合金进行了晶体结构、织构类型和力学性能的表征。结果表明,合金在铸态、轧制态以及退火态都表现为稳定FCC晶体结构。合金铸态下呈现典型的树枝晶组织,经80% 轧制后出现了明显的轧制变形带,在随后的退火过程中发生再结晶,其再结晶晶粒体积分数及其晶粒尺寸随着退火温度的升高而增加。合金经过80%轧制后主要表现为(111)<112>织构,其织构强度随着退火温度的升高而降低。80%轧制使Al_0.2CoCrFe₂Ni合金获得较大的抗拉强度(1005 MPa)和较低的塑性(10%), 随着退火温度的提高,合金的强度降低塑性增强,并在700 ℃退火时合金获得最佳的综合力学性能,该过程主要取决于合金中的位错密度、再结晶体积分数和晶粒尺寸及其再结晶织构的演变。     

Ag-Cu/Co-Sn共晶合金深过冷快速凝固反常共晶的形成研究

利用熔融玻璃净化循环过热的方法进行了Ag-Cu/Co-Sn共晶合金的深过冷快速凝固实验,并系统研究了熔体过冷度和微量Nb添加对反常共晶形成的影响。结果表明,快速凝固过程中共晶枝晶内部首先重熔形成反常共晶,随着过冷度的增大,共晶相的形貌从蠕虫状转变为球形颗粒,被重熔形成的固相颗粒将作为剩余液相形核生长的基底,Ag-Cu共晶中共晶两相形核具有非互惠性。Co-Sn共晶合金中添加Nb元素后样品内部反常共晶形成的临界过冷度由23 K降低至15 K,而表面组织中过冷度从45 K降低至30 K。由于样品表面与坩埚壁接触有利于结晶潜热消散,反常共晶形成的临界过冷度较高。Ag-Cu共晶合金温度再辉曲线上慢速凝固阶段持续的时间较Co-Sn共晶合金要长。     

Er、Zr微合金化5083铝合金的超塑性

针对5E83合金(Er、Zr微合金化5083合金),采用超塑性拉伸试验、扫描电镜(SEM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)和透射电镜(TEM),探究了Er、Zr微合金元素、晶粒尺寸、变形温度、应变速率对合金超塑性的影响。通过再结晶退火、空冷和水冷的搅拌摩擦加工(FSP),分别获得了晶粒尺寸为7.4、5.2、3.4μm的完全再结晶组织,作为初始状态进行超塑性拉伸。结果表明,初始晶粒尺寸越细小,超塑性伸长率越高。当晶粒尺寸>5μm时,超塑性变形过程晶粒粗化缓慢,细化初始晶粒可显著提高超塑性;而当晶粒尺寸<5μm时,超塑性变形过程晶粒粗化严重,进一步细化初始晶粒对超塑性的提高有限。不同变形温度、应变速率的超塑性拉伸结果显示在变形温度为450～540℃、应变速率为1.67×10^-4～1.67×10^-1 s^-1,超塑性伸长率随变形温度和应变速率的提高呈现先上升后下降再上升的趋势;变形温度为520℃、应变速率为1.67×10^-3 s^-1条件下,水冷FSP态合金获得最大伸长率330%...     

Grain refinement of a Fe3Al-based alloy using κ-Fe3AlC precipitate particles stimulating nucleation of recrystallization

Effects of particle distribution level on recrystallization were investigated in a Fe₃Al-based alloy containing coarse κ-Fe₃AlC precipitate particles. Volume fraction of 10–12% of rod-like κ particles with different size and interparticle spacing was introduced within the Fe₃Al matrix by changing the cooling rate from 1200 °C, which is above the precipitation temperature of the κ phase. These samples were warm rolled at 700 °C to a total reduction of 75%. Annealing of the warm rolled samples produced complete recrystallized structures. The average recrystallized grain size against interparticle spacing showed a valley-shaped curve with a minimum size of 20 μm. Orientation analyses of the warm rolled samples with high resolution EBSD method revealed that the valley shape of the curve may be explained by the particle stimulated nucleation density of recrystallization around κ particles, dependent on the particle distribution.     

深过冷Ni-21.4%Si共晶合金的凝固特性研究

对熔融玻璃净化后深过冷Ni-21.4%Si（原子分数,下同）共晶合金的凝固特性进行了实验研究,并对其均质形核过冷度进行了理论预测.结果发现,采用熔融玻璃净化可使Ni-21.4%Si共晶合金获得318 K的过冷度.理论计算表明,此过冷度达到了Ni-21.4%Si共晶合金的均质形核过冷度.Ni-21.4%Si共晶合金凝固特性与过冷度△T有关:当过冷度小于250 K时,冷却曲线有2个再辉峰,其中当过冷度小于206 K时,凝固组织由Ni3Si相和规则共晶组成,当过冷度在206 K到250 K之间时,凝固组织由α-Ni相和规则共晶组成;过冷度大于250 K后,冷却曲线只有1个再辉峰,凝固组织为反常共晶.过冷度会影响初生相Ni3Si的生长方式.随着过冷度的增大,初生相Ni₃Si的生长会由小平面生长方式转为非小平面生长方式.     

Effect of strontium and solidification rate on eutectic grain structure in an AI-13 wt% Si alloy

The influence of strontium addition and solidification rate on eutectic grain structure in a near-eutectic AI-Si alloy was investigated. The characteristic temperature of eutectic nucleation (TN),minimum temperature prior to recalescence (TM),and the growth temperature (TG) during cooling were determined by quantitative thermal analysis. All characteristic temperatures were found to decrease continuously with increasing Sr content and solidification rate. Microstructural analysis also revealed that the eutectic grain size decreases with increasing Sr content and solidification rate. Such eutectic grain refinement is attributed to the increased actual under-cooling ahead of the liquid/solid interface during solidification.     

23MnNiMoCr54钢的热变形行为

利用DIL 805A型热膨胀仪测定了23MnNiMoCr54钢的热膨胀曲线,结合硬度检验绘制出试验钢的CCT曲线,并对其动态相变及动态再结晶规律进行了研究分析。结果表明,23MnNiMoCr54钢的临界转变点Ac₃=806 ℃,Ac₁=713 ℃,CCT曲线中无珠光体转变区,当冷速≥0.5 ℃/s时,开始发生马氏体相变。变形量为10%时,变形温度在850~1150 ℃范围内时,试验钢的奥氏体晶粒边界稳定,晶粒大小没有发生明显变化,没有发生动态再结晶,软化机制以动态回复为主。变形量为40%时,变形温度在850 ℃时试验钢没有发生动态再结晶,软化机制以回复为主;温度为900~950 ℃时出现了不稳定的奥氏体晶界和细小晶粒,动态再结晶开始发生;温度为1000 ℃时,发生了完全动态再结晶。变形量为50%时,变形温度在850~950 ℃时试验钢出现了不稳定的奥氏体晶界和细小晶粒,发生了部分再结晶;温度为1000 ℃时,发生了完全动态再结晶。变形量为60%时,变形温度在850~950 ℃时试验钢出现了不稳定的奥氏体晶界和细小晶粒,发生了部分再结晶;温度为1000 ℃时,发生了完全动态再结晶。     

低碳钢纯净度、过冷度与晶粒度的关系

利用玻璃包熔真空悬浮熔炼等手段研究低碳钢的纯净度、过冷度与晶粒度之间的关系研究表明:随着包熔次数增加,钢中夹杂物含量减少,纯净度提高.但包熔次数达到4次后,纯净度开始降低.在约2×103K/min冷却速度下,低碳钢经包熔处理后,过冷度大幅度提高,包熔4次时达到最大值328 K.真空玻璃包熔后,随着钢液纯净度提高,过冷度增大,晶粒细化.     

Evolution mechanism of recrystallization in a nickel-based single crystal superalloy under various cooling rates during heat treatment

The recrystallization behaviors of a nickel-based single crystal superalloy during heat treatment at 1,200℃ for 4 h with various cooling rates were studied.Results show that the thickness of recrystallization layer decreases with the increase of cooling rate.In addition,the microstructures ofγ′phase in the recrystallization region are different in various cooling rates.In the high cooling rates(70,100℃·min^-1),small size and high volume fraction ofγ′phases are formed in the recrystallization region.It is also found that irregular fine secondaryγ′phases are precipitated between matrix channels with an average size of 150 nm in the original matric(100℃·min^-1).The sizes of the secondaryγ′phase decrease with the increase of cooling rate.In contrast,large size and small volume fraction ofγ′phases are formed in the recrystallization region,and a grain boundary layer is formed under a low cooling rate(10℃·min^-1).The evolution mechanism of recrystallization at various cooling rates during heat treatment is analyzed.     

17CrNiMo6钢的静态再结晶行为

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机,在压缩温度为950~1050 ℃(间隔50 ℃)、预应变为0.1~0.2(间隔0.05)、应变速率为0.01~1 s^-1、不同原始晶粒尺寸和道次间隔时间条件下,对17CrNiMo6钢进行双道次热压缩试验。讨论了道次间隔时间、压缩温度、预应变、应变速率和原始晶粒尺寸对17CrNiMo6钢静态再结晶行为的影响。根据回归分析得到静态再结晶在不同变形条件下的流变应力曲线,结合压缩后试样的显微组织,建立了17CrNiMo6钢静态再结晶动力学模型和晶粒尺寸模型。结果表明,17CrNiMo6钢静态再结晶体积分数随压缩温度、间隔时间、预应变和应变速率增加而增大;静态再结晶晶粒尺寸随压缩温度和原始奥氏体晶粒尺寸增加而增大,随预应变和应变速率的增加而减小。通过对比所建模型的预测值与热压缩所得的试验值,发现二者较为吻合,验证了模型的准确性。     

Effect of anion ordering in the superconducting phase of (TMTSF)2ClO4

The anion-ordering effect for the superconducting phase of (TMTSF)₂ClO₄ was investigated by both measurements of static magnetization and resistance for various cooling rate through the ClO₄⁻ anion ordering temperature (24K). With increasing cooling rate, the temperature of superconducting transition, T_c, determined through the measurements of Meissner effect continuously decreases. The resistance along the a-axis monotonically decreases as deceasing temperature below the cooling rate of 0.2K/sec and the residual resistance caused by imperfectness of anion ordering increases as increasing cooling rate. The decrease of T_c is attributed to the pair breaking effect of nonmagnetic scattering due to the suppression of anion ordering.