苯磺酸氨氯地平分散片药代动力学与相对生物利用度

目的 建立人体血浆中苯磺酸氨氯地平的高效液相色谱-质谱测定方法,用于研究苯磺酸氨氯地平分散片在人体的药代动力学及相对生物利用度.方法 20例健康男性志愿者单剂量口服苯磺酸氨氯地平分散片受试制剂或参比制剂10mg后,用高效液相色谱-质谱测定方法测定氨氯地平的血药浓度,用DAS 2.0药动学软件求算药动学参数,以双单侧t检验进行生物等效性评价.结果 受试制剂与参比制剂的主要药动学参数:Tmax为6.1±1.2小时, 6.9±1.7小时; Cmax分别为8.0±2.2 ng/(ml·h),8.0±2.0ng/ml;t1/2为30.4±5.9小时, 26.5±6.2小时; AUC0-t为259.1±37.8小时, 270.7±53.7ng/(ml·h), AUC0-∞为275.4±40.1 ng/(ml·h), 283.1±56.2 ng/(ml·h).相对生物利用度F=97.6%±14.8%.结论 两制剂为等效制剂.     

苯磺酸氨氯地平片人体药物动力学和相对生物利用度研究

目的:研究苯磺酸氨氯地平片在健康人体内的药物动力学和相对生物利用度,并与市售苯磺酸氨氯地平片进行生物等效性评价.方法:20例男性健康受试者双周期随机交叉单剂量口服10 mg苯磺酸氨氯地平片受试制剂和参比制剂,两次试验间隔为2周,采用LC/MS/MS法测定血浆中氨氯地平浓度.结果:受试制剂与参比制剂的血药浓度时间曲线基本一致,主要药代动力学参数Cmax分别为(9.72±0.90)和(9.57±0.96)ng/ml;tmax分别为(6.0±0.8)和(6.4±1.0)h;t1/2分别为(31.35±6.49)和(31.77±5.07)h;MRT分别为(46.63±6.54)和(47.15±5.72)h;Cl/F分别为(38.30±4.11)和(37.97±4.95)L/h;AUC0-96 分别为(323.54±31.01)和(325.76±34.49)h·ng/ml.结论:统计分析结果表明两种制剂具有生物等效性,受试制剂的相对生物利用度为(99.86±13.48)%.     

HPLC-MS法测定人血浆中替米沙坦及药代动力学研究

目的:建立人血浆中替米沙坦浓度的HPLC-MS分析方法,用以测定健康受试者口服替米沙坦制剂后的血药浓度,估算受试制剂和参比制剂的药代动力学参数,评价两种制剂的生物等效性和相对生物利用度.方法:血浆中加入内标地西泮后,乙酸乙酯提取,HPLC-MS分离、分析.色谱系统:Shimadzu ODS柱(150 mm×4.6 mm),流动相:甲醇-0.01 mol/L醋酸铵溶液(70∶30,v/v),流速1.0 ml/min,柱温30 ℃.质谱检测方式:SIM.结果:替米沙坦的线性范围为0.5～400 ng/ml(r=0.9998),最低检测浓度达0.1 ng/ml,提取回收率大于80%.受试制剂及参比制剂的生物半衰期分别为(19.7±3.0) h和(20.2±3.6) h,达峰时间分别为(1.4±0.4) h和(1.6±0.6) h,峰浓度分别为(173.9±30.4) ng/ml和(178.2±35.5) ng/ml.受试制剂的相对生物利用度为(101.2±13.0)%.结论:本法适用于替米沙坦的含量测定,统计学结果表明两种制剂具有生物等效性.     

兰索拉唑片人体生物等效性研究

目的评价2种国产兰索拉唑片(抗溃疡药)的生物等效性.方法采用随机、双周期两制剂的自身交叉对照的试验设计,20名健康男性受试者单剂量口服两个不同厂家生产的兰索拉唑片试验制剂和参比制剂30mg,血样采用高效液相色谱-质谱-质谱联用(LC/MS/MS)方法测定,用奥美拉唑作内标,测定血浆中兰索拉唑的浓度,用DAS2.1.1软件进行药代动力学参数的计算及统计分析.结果兰索拉唑片试验制剂和参比制剂药代动力学参数分别为:t1/2:(1.99±1.55)h、(2.09±1.67)h;Tmax:(3.9±0.8)h、(4.0±0.7)h;Cmax:(733.6±294.9)ng/ml、(764.0±250.5)ng/ml;AUC0-t:(3103.6±1911.2)ng/ml*h、(3176.7±1730.4) ng/ml*h;AUC0-∞:(3694.9±3504.0)ng/ml*h、(3809.2±3416.3)ng/ml*h.以AUC0-t计算,与参比制剂相比受试制剂相对生物利用度为(95.1±9.8)%.结论试验制剂和参比制剂具有生物等效性.     

布洛芬片人体药代动力学及生物等效性研究

目的 研究布洛芬片在健康人体内的药物代谢动力学及生物等效性.方法 18名健康男性受试者单剂量、交叉口服400 mg布洛芬供试制剂或参比制剂后,采用高效液相色谱―紫外检测法测定人体血浆中不同时间点布洛芬的浓度,计算其药代动力学参数和相对生物利用度,评价两制剂的生物等效性.结果 布洛芬供试制剂和参比制剂主要药代动力学参数AUC0-10分别为(125.40±20.74)、(130.38±24.79)μg/(h·mL),Cmax分别为(34.60±7.12)、(37.88±7.13)μg/mL,Tmax分别为(2.0 ± 0.5)、(1.7±0.5)h,t1/2分别为(2.1±0.21)、(2.19±0.29)h.受试制剂相对于参比制剂的生物利用度为(98.2±18.7)%.结论 两制剂具有生物等效性.     

伊曲康唑分散片人体药动学及生物等效性研究

目的 研究伊曲康唑分散片受试制剂与参比制剂在健康志愿者体内的药代动力学和生物等效性. 方法 20名健康男性受试者随机双周期交叉单剂量口服伊曲康唑分散片受试制剂和参比制剂200mg,采用液相色谱-质谱-质谱联用测定不同时刻血浆中伊曲康唑的药物浓度,求出主要药物动力学参数.结果 伊曲康唑分散片受试制剂和参比制剂主要药代动力学参数TMAX 分别为(4.55±0.83)和(4.25±1.02)h,C MAX分别为(170.7±70.8)和(155.5± 73.3)ng/ml,tl/2分别为(19.3±4.6)和(20.4±11.4)h, AUCo-t分别为(2385±1281)和(2257±1168)ng h/mL,A 0-∞分别为(2496±1334)和(2371±1207) ng. h/mL.伊曲康唑分散片的相对生物利用度为(112.5±39.2) % .结论 伊曲康唑分散片和伊曲康唑胶囊为生物等效制剂.     

阿奇霉素颗粒剂在健康人体中的药代动力学和生物等效性

目的：研究阿奇霉素颗粒剂在健康中国人体内药动学和生物等效性。方法：采用双周期交叉试验设计,20名健康男性受试者随机交叉单剂量口服阿奇霉素颗粒剂试验制剂和参比制剂0.5g,以高效液相色谱-质谱联用法测定人血浆中阿奇霉素经时血药浓度,用DASVer2.0软件计算药动学参数,评价两制剂的生物等效性。结果：阿奇霉素颗粒剂试验制剂和参比制剂的主要药动学参数Cmax分别为（537.4±168.2）ng/ml和（540.6±169.0）ng/ml;tmax分别为（2.0±0.7）h和（1.9±0.7）h;t1/2分别为（31.3±11.6）h和（32.6±16.3）h;AUC0→72分别为（4736.7±2408.9）ng.h/ml和（4779.2±2405.2）ng.h/ml,AUC0→∞分别为（5578.6±2796.3）ng.h/ml和（5635.6±2594.1）ng.h/ml;试验制剂的AUC0→72、AUC0→∞、Cmax的90%置信区间分别为参比制剂相应参数的93.2%～104.4%、91.8%～103.0%和96.5%～102.2%。以AUC72计算试验制剂中阿奇霉素对参比制剂的相对生物利用度F,得（100.5±13.1）%。结论：经方差分析及双单侧t检验结果显示,试验制剂和参比制剂具有生物等效性。     

单硝酸异山梨酯口腔崩解片在人体中的相对生物利用度

目的研究单硝酸异山梨酯口腔崩解片在健康人体内的相对生物利用度。方法采用气相色谱法测定18名男性健康受试者单剂量交叉口服20mg单硝酸异山梨酯受试制剂和参比制剂后不同时间血浆中的药物浓度。结果受试制剂与参比制剂的药动学主要参数如下:Cmax分别为(442.73±22.61)ng/ml和(415.41±20.86)ng/ml;Tmax分别为(0.53±0.17)h和(0.76±0.16)h;T1/2分别为(6.13±0.77)h和(5.78±0.44)h;AUC0-τ分别为(2625.13±166.06)ng·h/ml和(2598.63±141.48)ng·h/ml;AUC0-∞分别为(2798.86±200.74)ng·h/ml和(2744.02±156.09)ng·h/ml。受试制剂的相对生物利用度F1和F2分别为(101.13±5.97)%和(102.20±8.11)%。结论经方差分析与双单侧t检验证明,两种制剂具有生物等效性。     

复方格列吡嗪片人体生物利用度及生物等效性研究

目的研究复方格列吡嗪片人体生物利用度及生物等效性。方法单剂量给予国产的复方格列吡嗪片505mg(试验制剂)和格列吡嗪片5 mg(参比制剂)、盐酸二甲双胍片500 mg(参比制剂)。用高效液相色谱法测定血药浓度。用DAS程序计算相对生物利用度并评价两种制剂的生物等效性。结果口服试验制剂和参比制剂后,血浆中的格列吡嗪的Cmax分别为(406.72±68.10)ng/ml和(468.95±107.61)ng/ml;Tmax分别为(2.22±0.75)h和(1.98±0.91)h;AUC(0-24)分别为(2 812.26±897.73)(ng.h)/ml和(2 952.68±1 407.84)(ng.h)/ml;AUC(0-inf)分别为(3 034.67±1 245.72)(ng.h)/ml和(3 193.20±1 651.85)(ng.h)/ml。盐酸二甲双胍的Cmax分别为(1.15±0.25)μg/ml和(1.18±0.24)μg/ml;Tmax分别为(2.05±0.72)h和(2.08±0.94)h;AUC(0-24)分别为(5.77±1.62)(μg.h)/ml和(5.97±1.92)(μg.h)/ml;AUC(0-inf)分别为(6.38±1.98)(μg.h)/ml和(6.62±2.61)(μg.h)/ml。结论试验制剂与参比制剂的格列吡嗪和盐酸二甲双胍人体相对生物利用度分别为(114.0±56.1)%和(103.5±31.0)%,两者具有生物学等效性。     

LC-MS法评价两种硫普罗宁片的人体生物等效性

目的:建立LC-MS法测定人血中硫普罗宁的药物浓度,并对2种制剂进行生物等效性评价。方法:20例健康受试者单剂量交叉口服400 mg硫普罗宁供试制剂或参比制剂后,采用LC-MS测定人血中不同时间点硫普罗宁的浓度,计算其药代动力学参数和相对生物利用度,评价两制剂的生物等效性。结果:硫普罗宁供试制剂和参比制剂主要药代动力学参数如下:Cmax分别为(2.31±0.64)、(2.33±0.83) μg/ml,AUC0-15分别为(6.70±1.57)、(6.68±1.53) μg·h·ml-1,Tmax分别为(3.1±0.7)、(3.7±0.6) h,t1/2分别为(3.08±0.86)、(2.90±0.84) h。本方法在0.04～10.0 μg/ml浓度范围内线性关系良好。最低定量浓度为0.04 μg/ml,两制剂主要药动学参数经统计学检验无显著性差异。结论:本方法简单、快速、准确,2种制剂具有生物等效性。     

肱骨远端全骺分离

肱骨远端全骺分离在5岁以下儿童中是较常见的肘部损伤,且极易误诊为肱骨髁上骨折或肘关节脱位。本组25例肱骨远端全骺分离均为向内侧移位,年龄11个月至14岁,平均5.6岁,属Salter-HarrisⅠ型或Ⅱ型。对本症骨骺损伤的解剖学和组织学,诸骨(和骨化中心)之间的对应关系以及骨骺损伤的诊治进行了简短的讨论。     

食指背侧皮瓣的临床应用

通过对右手虎口挛缩以及左拇指皮肤剥脱损伤各一例应用直指背侧皮瓣修复的成功经验,提出该手术的适应症和优点,并重点介绍其应用解剖学和手术方法。     

Investigation of hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark in diabetic rats

Objective

To investigate the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark (AETPB) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Methods

Acute toxicity was studied in rats after the oral administration of AETPB to determine the dose to assess hypoglycemic activity. In rats, diabetes was induced by injection of STZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.) and diabetes was confirmed 72 h after induction, and then allowed for 14 days to stabilize blood glucose level. In diabetic rats, AETPB was orally given for 28 days and its effect on blood glucose and body weight was determined on a weekly basis. At the end of the experimental day, fasting blood sample was collected to estimate the haemoglobin (Hb), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine, urea, serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and insulin levels. The liver and kidney were collected to determine antioxidants levels in diabetic rats.

Results

Oral administration of AETPB did not exhibit toxicity and death at a dose of 2 000 mg/kg. AETPB treated diabetic rats significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) reduced elevated blood glucose, HbA1c, creatinine, urea, SGPT and SGOT levels when compared with diabetic control rats. The body weight, Hb, insulin and total protein levels were significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) increased in diabetic rats treated with AETPB compared to diabetic control rats. In diabetic rats, AETPB treatment significantly reversed abnormal status of antioxidants and lipid profile levels towards near normal levels compared to diabetic control rats.

Conclusions

Present study results confirm that AETPB possesses significant hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities in diabetic condition.     

Association of smoking,alcohol and NSAIDs use with expression of cag A and cag T genes of Helicobacter pylori in salivary samples of asymptomatic subjects

Objective

To determine the association of smoking, alcohol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use with presence and virulence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in a representative sample of a random adult population of asymptomatic subjects.

Methods

Non virulent 16S rRNA and virulent cag A and T genes from salivary samples of 854 asymptomatic subjects were determined using polymerase chain reaction. The presence and absence of virulent and non virulent infection was statistically compared with consumption of smoking, alcohol and NSAIDs.

Results

The prevalence of infection in male and female subjects was found to be 69.25% and 66.90%, respectively. The prevalence of infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to consumption of alcohol was as follows: current (31.22%), former (52.20%) and never (43.58%). The prevalence of infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to smoking of cigarettes was as follows: current (88.80%), former (57.14%) and never (33.33%). The prevalence of infection in the subject population consuming NSAIDs and not consuming NSAIDs frequently was found to be 82.75% and 21.16%, respectively. Virulence in male and female subjects was found to be 60.00% and 50.00%, respectively. The presence of virulent infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to consumption of alcohol was as follows: current (28.57%), former (40.15%) and never (50.00%). The prevalence of virulent infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to smoking of cigarettes was as follows: current (79.32%), former (75.00%) and never (50.00%). The prevalence of virulent infection in the subject population consuming NSAIDs and not consuming NSAIDs frequently was found to be 88.23% and 66.66%, respectively.

Conclusions

It can be concluded that smoking and NSAIDs consumption are aggravating factors for virulence of H. pylori and alcohol can inhibit H. pylori infection in asymptomatic subjects.     

大肠多发原发性癌:危险因素、诊治和预防(附8例报告)

综述分析1954～84年国内外文献,探讨了大肠多发原发性癌的诊断标准、发病情况、临床表现、发病危险因素、外科处理以及预防和诊断检测技术等问题,强调了大肠腺瘤,遗传基础、免疫缺陷、慢性溃疡性结肠炎等在发病上的作用,及高危险组患者应按方案进行常规检测监护之重要性。述介了大肠多发原发性癌系一种原发性大肠癌多中心发生的形式,在诊治上前者与后者有一致性,亦各有其独特性。报告宁夏医学院附属医院肿瘤科1977～84年收治的8例住院大肠多发原发性癌病例的临床资料,对诊治经过进行了初步总结。     

具有抗细菌黏附和杀菌双重功能的(HA/CHI-Van)5涂层的制备

目的：研究开发一种涂覆(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构的骨科内植入物以用于预防骨内植入物感染。方法：将透明质酸（HA）和壳聚糖-万古霉素（CHI-Van）溶液进行层层自组装,制备得到(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构;通过zeta电位检测组装过程,通过活细菌染色实验评价多层膜的抗细菌黏附效果,通过越狱实验和FE-SEM实验检测体外抗菌效果。SD大鼠随机分为空白组、(HA/CHI-Van)5组和假手术组,并以X线、Micro-CT、骨组织切片等方法检测该材料的体内动物实验效果。结果：每次组装不同的单层,zeta电位交替变化,证明多层膜组装成功。活细菌染色实验显示多层膜结构中的CHI具有一定的抗细菌黏附作用。越狱实验和FE-SEM实验证明(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构在体外具有良好的抗菌作用。在体外实验中,(HA/CHI-Van)5组的X线评分为0.7,而空白组的评分为12.3,(HA/CHI-Van)5组在骨密度、骨小梁数量、骨体积分数、骨组织切片方面均优于空白组（均P＜0.05）,且非常接近假手术组（均P＞0.05）。结论：通过在骨科内植入物表面涂覆(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构能够获得一定的抗细菌黏附功能和良好的抗菌作用,可以预防骨内植入物感染。     

NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体制备及其表征研究

目的:制备具有肿瘤血管靶向的NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体,并对其进行表征研究。方法：采用薄膜分散法制备NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体,,并对其进行表征研究,并测定包封率。结果：制备得到的NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs平均粒径为(271.43±9.23)nm,Zeta电位为-(36.20±0.20)mv,多分散系数(PDI)为(0.15±0.03),理化性质相对稳定;NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs包封率为8.41%;电镜下显示NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs呈类圆形,大小分布均匀,无明显聚集。结论：采用薄膜分散法制备的NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体具有较高的稳定性,从而为体内药效学研究奠定基础。     

Efficacy and side effects of praziquantel in the treatment of Schistosomiasis mansoni in schoolchildren in Shesha Kekele Elementary School,Wondo Genet,Southern Ethiopia

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and side effects of praziquantel (PZQ) in the treatment of schistosomiasis in Ethiopia.

Methods

In a cross-sectional study, stool specimens were collected from randomly selected 299 school children in Shesha Kekele Elementary School, Wondo Genet, Southern Ethiopia, in April 2010. Stool specimens were examined using a single Kato-Katz thick smear for Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) ova. Children who were found positive for S. mansoni were treated with a single oral dose of PZQ at 40 mg/kg bw and interviewed for treatment-related symptoms 24 hours after drug administration. Four weeks post-treatment, stool specimens were collected from the same children and examined following the same procedure as in the pre-treatment. Drug efficacy was determined based on cure and egg reduction rates.

Results

Pre-treatment prevalence of S. mansoni infection was 74.9% with geometric mean egg count of 268. The evaluated generic PZQ produced an overall cure rate of 73.6% (P<0.000 1, OR: 8.33, CI: 5.3–13.1) and egg reduction rate of 68.2% (P=0.03, F=0.64). The cure rate showed significant association with age (χ²=11, P=0.004), the highest rate being observed in the 15–22 age group. 83% of S. mansoni infected children showed various treatment-related symptoms, the most frequent being headache, nausea, and abdominal pain. These symptoms were associated with age (P<0.001) and pre-treatment intensity of infection (P<0.05).

Conclusions

The present observations revealed relatively lower cure and egg reduction rates of the PZQ evaluated as compared to previous reports for other PZQ brands in Ethiopia. Hence, in depth studies are recommended to clarify whether the present relatively lower cure rate is the actual cure rate of the praziquantel evaluated, treatment failure, or reduced susceptibility of the parasite. Treatment-related side effects observed were transient and tolerable.     

Phytochemical and anti-bacterial activity of epidermal glands extract of Christella parasitica (L.) H. Lev.

Objective

To study the morphology, biochemistry and bioactivity of the epidermal glands of the glandular morphotype of Christella parasitica (C. parasitica) (L.) H. Lev.

Methods

Morphological studies on epidermal glands were carried out by using light microscope and scanning electron microscope. To prepare the extract, the shade-dried fronds of glandular morphotype were soaked in acetone. For antibacterial studies paper disc method was followed by using various pathogenic bacteria.

Results

Detailed micromorphological, phytochemical and bioactivity studies on a medicinal fern C. parasitica (L.) H. Lev. showed its intraspecific variation in antibacterial activity. The presence or absence of the epidermal glands was the key factor for antibacterial activity in the morphovariants of this species. The epidermal glands were orange-coloured, stalked and elongated ones of about 84.2 µm × 45 µm, and distributed on the undersurface of costa, costules and veins in croziers, young and mature leaves. Frequency of glands varied from 15/cm on costa in mature leaves to 140/cm on costules in croziers. The acetone extract of the glands showed antibacterial activities and also toxic effect against mosquito larvae and tadpoles of frog. Preliminary phytochemical analysis and HPLC studies of the gland extract showed the presence of various kinds of terpenoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins and flavonoids in it.

Conclusions

The present study shows that epidermal glands of the glandular morphotype of C. parasitica (L.) H. Lev. have several bioactive compounds and such rare morphovariant should be conserved in nature. The next step is to isolate the pure compounds and to screen the bioactivity of individual compounds of the epidermal glands.