黄色肉芽肿性肾盂肾炎的CT诊断与鉴别诊断

目的 :探讨CT对黄色肉芽肿性肾盂肾炎的诊断与鉴别诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析23例经病理证实的黄色肉芽肿性肾盂肾炎的CT平扫与增强扫描表现。结果:CT平扫,23例均为单侧发病,肾实质内可见囊性或囊实性肿块影,病变常向肾周蔓延,多数伴肾盂或近段输尿管结石;增强扫描囊性部分不强化,边缘及实性部分明显强化,肾功能多不同程度受损。结论:CT检查对黄色肉芽肿性肾盂肾炎有重要的诊断与鉴别诊断价值,可作为黄色肉芽肿性肾盂肾炎的一项重要检查方法。     

黄色肉芽肿性肾盂肾炎

黄色肉芽肿性肾盂肾炎比较少见,系因肾的非特异性慢性感染所引起。本症常因肾、输尿管结石,或尿路畸形和妊娠等招致排尿困难,多数肾无功能,虽经各种检查也难与肿瘤鉴别。作者指出,腹部平片所见:主要因患侧肾肿大及肾周围炎,致肾轮廓扩大,模糊不清,腰大肌亦显影不清等,有时在输尿管上端可见结石,或在肾实质内显示斑状钙化。肾盂造影多表现患侧肾无功能,少数例造影显示正常。若病变仅局限在某一处时,可显示部分肾盏杯口缺如或压迫移位、延长等占位改变而怀疑肿瘤。逆行性肾盂造影可见输尿管狭窄,肾盂肾盏破坏变形,按此特殊的压迫改变易误认为肿瘤。     

肾盂癌的影像学分析

目的 讨论各种影像检查对肾盂癌的诊断价值.方法 对经影像检查并得到病理证实的肾盂癌19例进行分析,比较各种检查方法对肾盂癌的检出率.结果 静脉肾盂造影(IVP)显示肾盂、肾盏内不规则充盈缺损,肾盏积水.CT平扫见肾盂、肾盏内软组织肿块;当肿瘤侵犯肾实质时,显示肾盂及肾实质内软组织肿块,病灶密度不均匀,内有液化坏死.增强扫描病灶呈轻中度强化.19例患者中,术前IVP检查12例,9例IVP显示病灶,B超检查16例,10例显示病灶,CT扫描19例,18例显示病灶,MRI检查3例,3例显示病灶.结论 影像学检查对肾盂癌的诊断有一定价值.IVP和CT是诊断肾盂癌的首选方法,B超可作为普查手段.当肿瘤侵犯肾实质或有远处转移时,CT和MRI明显优于IVP.     

黄色肉芽肿性肾盂肾炎MRI诊断一例

黄色肉芽肿性肾盂肾炎ＭＲＩ诊断一例江勇坚，王澄明男，４１岁。反复无痛性血尿，伴上腹部胀痛逐渐加重３个月。入院后小便常规检查未见异常。Ｂ超检查左肾占位伴积水；分泌性和逆行尿路造影，示左肾增大，中下部肾实质增厚，上组肾盏积水扩张，中下组肾盏受压变形，边缘...     

泌尿系少见肿瘤和肿瘤样病变的螺旋CT诊断

目的:探讨泌尿系少见肿瘤和肿瘤样病变的螺旋CT表现。材料和方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的15例泌尿系少见肿瘤和肿瘤样病变的CT表现。结果:乳头状肾细胞癌4例,发生在肾皮层和近肾窦各2例,CT表现均呈囊实性、无腹膜后淋巴结转移和下腔静脉瘤栓,其中2例伴肾盂积水和结石。多房性透明细胞肾细胞癌4例,其中呈不规则厚壁2例、囊性部分较大实性部分较小1例、薄壁伴壁结节1例。嫌色细胞肾细胞癌2例,CT表现为肾内实性肿块,最大径分别为2.0cm和2.5cm,边缘较光整,密度均匀,肾皮质早期增强较正常皮质低。黄色肉芽肿性肾盂肾炎2例,CT均表现为肾盂内肿块边界不清,呈囊实性,伴结石及肾实质空洞。膀胱憩室口周围癌变1例,CT表现为膀胱憩室口周围不规则增厚,轻度增强;膀胱外翻癌变1例,CT表现为膀胱向前下翻出盆腔,耻骨联合部分分离,膀胱前壁乳头状结节,轻度增强。膀胱淀粉样变性1例,CT表现为膀胱右后壁不规则增厚,呈多个乳头状突入膀胱腔内,无增强。结论:螺旋CT能够清晰地显示泌尿系少见肿瘤和肿瘤样病变的部位、形态和增强特点,对其诊断和鉴别诊断有重要价值。     

肾盏憩室误诊为肾囊肿1例

病人，女，8岁。右侧腰背部隐痛2个月余，查体右肾区叩击痛，尿检无异常。外院B超检查提示右肾囊肿，没有处理。但腰痛呈进行性加重，遂来我科进一步检查。影像表现：X线静脉肾盂造影（IVP）提示，注射造影剂后双肾盂肾盏早期显影，双肾形态正常，右肾中部可见一类圆形造影剂浓聚区，直径约2、4cm，边缘光整，与肾盏紧邻，无明显占位征象。肾盂及输尿管显示良好无积水征。16排CT平扫示，右肾中部实质内可见一类圆形病灶，边界清楚，CT值约10HU，占位效应不明显。增强CT可见病灶于肾动脉期强化，静脉期、平衡期均有强化，延时扫描可见病变呈均匀高强造影剂浓聚区，其CT值与肾盂、输尿管相同。     

肾盂源性囊肿与囊内合并结石影像诊断

目的：探讨肾盂源性囊肿与囊内合并结石的影像诊断。方法：18例患者均行腹部平片及静脉肾盂造影检查，其中15例同时行B型超声扫描。结果：X线腹部平片显示阳性结石位于肾脏边缘部，静脉肾盂造影进一步证实结石位于囊肿内。阴性结石者亦能显示囊内充盈缺损影的大小及形态，其中有10例显示囊肿与肾盏相通的细窄管道影。B超扫描不论阳性或阴性结石均能显示清晰，且能显示出囊肿壁的厚度及囊肿确切位置。结论：X线腹部平片、静脉肾盂造影、B型超声联合应用对肾盂源性囊肿合并感染或囊内结石均能做出正确诊断。     

结核性肾盂肾炎的CT表现

目的:探讨结核性肾盂肾炎的CT表现及其特征。材料和方法:回顾性分析32例经手术病理、生化检测或临床治疗证实的结核性肾盂肾炎的CT表现。结果:结核性肾炎CT表现为肾实质内局灶或多发类圆形或扇形稍低密度影,增强扫描不增强。结核性肾盂炎CT表现为肾盂及部分肾大盏变形、充盈缺损及积水征。结论:肾脏CT平扫并增强扫描是诊断结核性肾盂肾炎的重要手段,正确认识结核性肾盂肾炎的CT表现及其影像特征可减少误诊。     

多囊性肾瘤一例

病例资料患者,女,22岁,于2年前无意中发现右上腹有一包块,约拳头大小,无疼痛不适。近来发现包块有所增大,同时感右上腹偶有隐痛,到我院就诊,血生化及肾功正常,B超示右肾多囊肾;左肾多发性囊肿。CT平扫示右肾向前突起占位病变,性质多考虑局灶型的黄色肉芽肿性肾盂肾炎,未排除肾癌可能。查体:右上腹稍隆,未见肠型及蠕动波,腹肌软,全腹无压痛,肝脾肋缘下未触及,右上腹肋下可触及一7cm×9cm大小包块,质韧,无活动,光滑,未扪及结节,无压痛,边界清楚,无移动性浊音,肠鸣音正常。双侧肋脊角无隆起及压痛,双侧肾区无叩击痛。X线诊断:右肾盂肾盏扩张…     

螺旋CT增强扫描在肾盂癌诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨螺旋CT增强扫描在肾盂癌诊断中的应用价值.方法 经手术病理证实的肾盂癌35例,术前均行螺旋CT平扫,增强扫描分为皮质期、实质期、排泄期、延迟期,将扫描结果进行分析.结果 CT表现分3型:病灶局限于肾盂内者25例;超出肾盂范围与肾实质分界不清6例;4例仅表现为肾孟肾盏积水扩张,但壁不规则增厚.增强扫描皮质期肿瘤轻度不均匀强化,实质期及排泄期13例病灶强化程度几乎没有改变,与相邻肾实质相比肿瘤呈低密度,14例延迟增强扫描见肾盂内不规则强化.结论 螺旋CT双期扫描可提高肾盂移行上皮癌的诊断正确率,但更应重视肾延迟期的CT扫描.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

Diagnóstico ecográfico del neumotórax

The ultrasonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax is based on the analysis of artifacts. It is possible to confirm or rule out pneumothorax by combining the following signs: lung sliding, the A and B lines, and the lung point. One fundamental advantage of lung ultrasonography is its easy access in any critical situation, especially in patients in the intensive care unit. For this reason, chest ultrasonography can be used as an alternative to plain-film X-rays and computed tomography in critical patients and in patients with normal plain films in whom pneumothorax is strongly suspected, as well as to evaluate the extent of the pneumothorax and monitor its evolution.     

Carbohydrate Supplementation during Exercise: Does It Help? How Much is Too Much?

KEY POINTS· Carbohydrate intake during exercise can delay the onset of fatigue and improve performance of prolonged exercise as well as exercise of shorter duration and greater intensity (e.g., continuous exercise lasting about 1h and intermittent high-intensity exercise), but the mechanisms by which performance is improved are different.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.