保健食品中大豆异黄酮的测定方法研究

〔目的〕检测保健食品中黄豆甙、黄豆甙元、染料木甙和金雀异黄素 ,建立保健食品中四种大豆异黄酮的二极管阵列检测器高效液相色谱法。〔方法〕样品用甲醇 水 (80 2 0 ,v/v)超声提取 3 0min ,定容后过 0 .45 μm滤膜 ,上 2 5 0×4.6mm ,粒径 10 μm的C18柱 ,以甲醇 0 .0 5 0mol/L ,pH4.6醋酸铵 (4 6 5 4,v/v)作流动相 ,二极管阵列检测器测定。测定时间只需 2 0min左右 ,黄豆甙 ,染料木甙 ,黄豆甙元和金雀异黄素可得到良好分离。〔结果〕黄豆甙 ,染料木甙 ,黄豆甙元和金雀异黄素的加标回收率分别为 90 .4%～ 10 2 % ,88.9%～ 10 2 % ,93 .0 %～ 10 2 % ,89.3 %～ 10 4% ,加标回收相对标准偏差均小于 6% ,最底检出浓度均为 0 .10 μg/ml。〔结论〕本方法适用于保健食品中大豆异黄酮的测定     

红景天保健食品(口服液)中红景天甙的HPLC测定方法探讨

红景天为景天科植物高山红景天 Rhodiola sachaliensisA.Ber的地下根茎 ,红景天甙是红景天属植物的主要有效成分之一 〔1〕。可作为鉴定红景天保健食品的特异指标。全文报道了用 HPL C法测定保健食品口服液中红景天甙的方法及有关研究结果。1　测定方法1.1　仪器条件　 VARIAN Prostar 2 4 0 PDA检测器及 Vol5 .3色谱工作站 ;分析柱 :ODSC1 82 0 0× 4 .6 mm 5μm ;流动相 :甲醇∶水 =90∶ 10 (磷酸调节 p H =2 .4 ) ;流速 =1ml/min;检测波长 :2 2 2 nm。1.2　标准曲线制备　准确称取红景天甙对照品 5 m g,置于10 ml容量瓶中 ,加…     

GC/MS/MS法测定生物材料中克伦特罗残留量的研究

〔目的〕建立应用GC/MS/MS法测定生物材料中克伦特罗 (Clenbuterol)的检测方法。〔方法〕样品以异丙醇—乙酸乙酯提取 ,弱阳离子交换柱净化 ,BSTEFA衍生 ,CS/MS/MS测定。〔结果〕相对标准偏差为 8.3 2 % ,回收率为 86.3 5 % ,最底检出限为 0 .0 0 2ng/kg。〔结论〕本方法具有灵敏度高 ,结果准确可靠等优点。     

气相色谱法测定动物性食品中二氯二甲吡啶酚的研究

〔目的〕建立一种快速测定动物性食品中二氯二甲吡啶酚的方法。〔方法〕在超声振荡下用甲醇提取动物性食品试样中残留的二氯二甲吡啶酚 ,提取液通过氧化铝柱和阴离子交换柱进行净化 ,然后经乙酰化后 ,用气相色谱法测定。〔结果〕方法在 0 -2 .5 μg ml范围呈良好的线性关系 ,其相关系数为 0 .9992 ;方法最小检测量为 8.0× 10 - 3mg Kg ;方法的平均回收率大于 90 .0 % ,相对标准偏差为 4.2 %。〔结论〕该方法是一种快速、简便、灵敏度较高的检测动物性食品中二氯二甲吡啶酚的方法。     

测定花生及花生制品中黄曲霉毒素:免疫亲和柱净化·光化学在线衍生·高效液相色谱-荧光

〔目的〕建立免疫亲和柱净化、柱后光化学在线衍生、高效液相色谱-荧光法测定花生及花生制品中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1和G2的检测方法。〔方法〕样品粉碎、由甲醇/水提取、Afla-P黄曲霉毒素免疫亲和柱净化、光化学衍生器在线衍生、高效液相色谱-荧光法检测。〔结果〕黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1和G2的检出限分别为0.5、0.15、0.5、0.15μg/kg,相对标准偏差低于15%,回收率为64%～97%。〔结论〕该方法简便快速、灵敏准确、重现性好,能够满足出入境检验检疫工作的需要。     

红景天甙对缺氧状态下鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖和〔Ca~(2+)〕i的影响

目的研究红景天甙 (Salidroside)对缺氧状态下大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞 (PASMC)增殖、DNA合成和〔Ca2 +〕i的影响 ,探讨其防治缺氧的可能作用机制。方法应用离体培养的大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞 ,采用四唑蓝比色试验 (MTT)测定细胞生长数 ,3H -胸腺嘧啶核苷 (3H -TdR)掺入测定DNA合成 ,和fura - 3/AM测定细胞内钙离子浓度〔Ca2 +〕i。PASM的缺氧培养采用自制缺氧装置 (含 5 %CO2 + 95 %N2 混合气体 ) ,并置于 37℃培养箱内。结果红景天甙可显著抑制缺氧状态下PASMC的增殖和DNA的合成 ,以单纯缺氧组为对照 ,加入 32× 10 - 5mol·L- 1红景天甙后 ,PASMC的吸光值下降 4 5 % ,3H -TdR掺入量下降 2 8% ;常氧状态下PASMC细胞内〔Ca2 +〕i为(14 8± 14 )nmol·L- 1,当培养液充以 5 %CO2 + 95 %N2 气体时 ,细胞内荧光强度明显增强 ,PASMC内〔Ca2 +〕i迅速上升为 (42 2± 2 4 )nmol·L- 1,此时 ,加入红景天甙 6 4× 10 - 5mol·L- 1可见细胞内荧光强度变弱 ,〔Ca2 +〕i迅速下降到 (2 98± 18)nmol·L- 1。结论红景天甙可抑制缺氧状态下鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞的增殖和DNA合成 ,其机制可能与抑制PASMC内〔Ca2 +〕i有关。     

保健食品中总黄酮测定方法的研究

〔目的〕由于目前黄酮类的保健食品日益增多 ,其含量的测定又缺乏一个统一的方法 ,本研究经多年的摸索和实际应用 ,选出了一种准确、简捷的测试方法 ,应用于保健食品的日常检测。〔方法〕利用黄酮类分子中的酚羟基 ,可与Al3 在碱性溶液中显色的原理测定其含量。〔结果〕该法相对标准偏差RSD为 2 .61% -6.11% ,回收率为 86.7% -10 3 .5 %。〔结论〕该方法方便 ,准确 ,是保健食品中总黄酮测定较为理想的方法之一     

高效毛细管电泳法快速测定饲料中的盐酸克伦特罗与沙丁胺醇

〔目的〕建立了高效毛细管区带电泳技术同时快速测定饲料中的盐酸克伦特罗与沙丁胺醇的方法。〔方法〕采用单一有机试剂对饲料中的盐酸克伦特罗与沙丁胺醇进行提取 ,无需净化即可进行检测。通过对不同条件的考察 ,建立了前处理和电泳分析的最佳条件。〔结果〕方法对盐酸克伦特罗的添加回收率为 78% - 92 % ,最低检测限为 0 .5mg/kg :对沙丁胺醇的添加回收率为 74 % - 87% ,最低检出限为 0 .5mg/kg。〔结论〕这是一种适用于饲料中盐酸克伦特罗和沙丁胺醇同时检测的快速、准确、低成本方法。     

HPLC法与香草醛比色法测定保健品中的人参皂甙

〔目的〕应用高效液相色谱法和分光光度法分别同时检测保健食品中人参总皂甙的含量。〔方法〕高效液相色谱法采用短色谱柱 ,低乙晴体积分数 ,非线性梯度洗脱对 6种主要人参皂甙Rg1,Rb1,Re,Rb2 、Rc、Rd进行分析。〔结果〕方法回收率 95 .6 %～ 97.7% ,检出限 2 .2ng ,RSD =1.30 %～ 6 .90 %。分光光度法用大孔吸附树脂吸附人参总皂甙 ,经梯度洗脱处理 ,香草醛显色后测定人参总皂甙含量。方法回收率 :95 .6 %～ 10 7.4 % ,检出限 :1.2 5 μg,RSD =3.5 1%～ 4 .17%。两种方法测定人参总皂甙结果有显著性差异 (t=4 .5 1>t( 0 .0 5) =1.895 )。〔结论〕HPLC法适用于单个皂甙的测定 ,比色法适用于总皂甙含量的测定     

顶空气相色谱法同时测定水中多种挥发性卤代烃

〔目的〕建立同时测定水中多种挥发性卤代烃的方法。〔方法〕采用顶空气相色谱法。〔结果〕8种卤代烃的线性方程相关系数为 0 .9982 % -0 .9996% ,检出限为 0 .0 2 -0 .2 5 μg L ,样品加标平均回收率为 95 .8% -10 2 .4%。〔结论〕本法具有干扰小、灵敏度高、检出限低、线性范围宽、操作简便、快捷、结果准确可靠的优点 ,适合水中多种卤代烃的检测分析。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

The design of hazard risk assessment matrices for ranking occupational health risks and their application in mining and minerals processing

Two hazard risk assessment matrices for the ranking of occupational health risks are described. The qualitative matrix uses qualitative measures of probability and consequence to determine risk assessment codes for hazard-disease combinations. A walk-through survey of an underground metalliferous mine and concentrator is used to demonstrate how the qualitative matrix can be applied to determine priorities for the control of occupational health hazards. The semi-quantitative matrix uses attributable risk as a quantitative measure of probability and uses qualitative measures of consequence. A practical application of this matrix is the determination of occupational health priorities using existing epidemiological studies. Calculated attributable risks from epidemiological studies of hazard-disease combinations in mining and minerals processing are used as examples. These historic response data do not reflect the risks associated with current exposures. A method using current exposure data, known exposure-response relationships and the semi-quantitative matrix is proposed for more accurate and current risk rankings.