Hot mold casting process of ancient East India and Bangladesh

Ancient casting process for production of brass or bronze utensils and icons were made in hot molds using clay molded investment casting or piece mold process, as presumed by archaeologists. Piece mold process is still traditionally practiced in many parts of Eastern India and Bangladesh along with investment casting process. Incidentally, Bengal artisans are more accustomed to piece mold process unlike tribal artisans who practiced investment casting process. This piece mold casting process has been reconstructed to get the idea of metal characteristics in order to investigate ancient casting process of Bengal and Bangladesh. The characterization of ancient archaeo-metal products come to a type of cast Cu-Sn-Zn-Pb type quaternary alloy produced by a slow freezing process. Though these alloys physically differ from the traditional cast alloy of binary Cu-Zn type brass, the physical characteristics are similar to the binary cast alloy character. This investigation throws light on the similarity of the production processes by which ancient artisans probably produced cast metal products.     

Valid mould and process design to cast tensile and fatigue test bars in tilt pour casting process

Abstract

Tilt pour gravity casting technology is increasingly being used for shape casting various components with aluminium alloys. The ASTM B108/B108M-08 standard exists for a metal mould to evaluate the mechanical properties of castings made by gravity permanent mould process, yet there is no standard mould for the tilt pour process. We have designed, developed, tested and validated a standard mould to cast tensile and fatigue test bars in a tilt pour casting process. The new mould has demonstrated abilities to cast sound castings of A356·2 aluminium alloy, and the uniaxial tensile properties were superior to those obtained from conventional direct pour gravity casting process.     

汽车轻量化先进铸造技术

全面评述了用于汽车轻量化的铸造铝和镁合金及铸造工艺的发展.已开发的汽车用新型合金有耐磨铝合金、抗蠕变镁合金及高强度/韧性镁合金.在工艺前沿方面,开发了真空辅助压铸和高真空压铸技术,用于生产高整体性的车体和底盘零件.用低压金属型铸造工艺生产结构用薄壁空心铸件.包覆铸造技术不断得到发展,使用混合材料设计汽车的子系统,例如发动机支架、仪表板梁成为可能.开发的模拟工具用来预测,不同组分之间的界面相互反应和包覆铸造系统的结构完整性,并且已被铸造实验证实.     

孕育剂对灰铸铁件不同性能的影响

灰铸铁添加合金元素后,结构复杂的铸件在铸造缺陷处试压过程中渗漏或使用过程中漏油,白口倾向导致机械加工性能恶化。用合适的孕育剂进行孕育是消除铸件铸造缺陷和改善铸件切削性能的重要措施。在保证冶金质量的前提下,在铁硅孕育剂的基础上添加其它元素的复合孕育剂进行孕育可以显著提高铸件的力学性能。配合铸造工艺,一些孕育剂对技术要求高的灰铸铁件进行孕育可以同时提高铸件的铸造性能、机械加工性能和力学性能。     

Distortion and Residual Stress in High-Pressure Die Castings: Simulation and Measurements

Two individual high-pressure die casting geometries were developed to study the influence of process parameters and alloy composition on the distortion behavior of aluminum alloy castings. These geometries, a stress lattice and a V-shaped lid, tend to form residual stress due to a difference in wall thickness and a deliberate massive gating system. Castings were produced from two alloys: AlSi12(Fe) and AlSi10MnMg. In the experimental castings, the influence of important process parameters such as die temperature, ejection time, and cooling regime was examined. The time evolution of process temperatures was measured using thermal imaging. Subsequent to casting, distortion was measured by means of a tactile measuring device at ambient temperatures. The measured results were compared against a numerical process and stress simulations of the casting, ejection, and cooling process using the commercial finite element method software ANSYS Workbench. The heat transfer coefficients were adapted to the temperature distributions of the die, and the castings were observed by thermal imaging. A survey of the results of the comparison between simulation and experiment is given for both alloys.     

800 MN模锻压机特大型铸钢件的极限制造

以800 MN大型模锻压机重大装备所需的超大型铸钢件为对象,介绍了特大型铸钢件关键生产技术问题。通过开展材料合金化、造型材料、铸造工艺、铸造过程模拟仿真与缺陷预测等关键技术研究,解决了特厚大铸钢件的内部质量控制、多包协同合浇、偏析控制等技术难题,实现了800 MN大型模锻压机特大型铸钢件的极限制造。     

镁合金压铸件的生产

叙述了镁合金的特性,并讨论了镁合金贮存、熔炼、精炼以及压铸模具等对生产优质镁压铸件的影响。     

Advanced casting technologies for lightweight automotive applications

This paper provides an overview of alloy and process developments in aluminum and magnesium castings for lightweight automotive applications.Wear-resistant aluminum alloys,creep-resistant and high strength/ductility magnesium alloys have been developed for automotive applications.On the process front,vacuum-assisted die casting and high vacuum die casting technologies have been developed for high-integrity body and chassis applications.Thin-wall and hollow casting components are being produced by low-pressure die casting processes for structural applications.Overcasting technology is gaining traction and has enabled mixed material designs for automotive sub-systems such as engine cradles and instrument panel beams.Simulation tools developed to predict the interfacial interactions of the dissimilar components and the structural integrity of the overcast systems are being validated in the casting trials.     

Evaluation of the effect of vacuum on mold filling in the magnesium EPC process

The combination of magnesium alloys with the expendable pattern casting (EPC) process will bring a bright future for the application of magnesium alloys. Vacuum is a pre-requisite parameter in the EPC process of magnesium alloys, because without vacuum, the fluidity of the magnesium alloy in the EPC process is too poor to fill the mold completely, especially for the thin-section castings. In this investigation, the effect of vacuum on the fluidity of AZ91 magnesium alloy has been explored. A modified model has been presented to explain the effect of vacuum on mold filling, which was verified by optical microscopy.The results obtained indicate that vacuum is the most effective parameter in improving the fluidity, the effect of vacuum on the fluidity interacting strongly with the pouring temperature and coating. Vacuum greatly changes the mass and heat transfer in the EPC process. Vacuum may not only control the profile of the metal–foam interface, which will influence the mass transfer process, but may also greatly speed up the removal rate of pattern decomposition products at the metal–coating interface. It also changes the primary heat-transfer mode to heat convention, which has a great influence on the distribution of the casting temperature field and solidification process. The microstructures of castings cast with vacuum exhibit a fine grain size and a small amount of precipitated Mg₁₇Al₁₂, but vary insignificantly with the location in the castings.     

铸造合金湍流和层流充型与凝固三维数值模拟软件及基在精密铸件上的应用

建立了铸件充型过程中金属液流体湍流和层流流动及凝固冷却时三维速度场和温度场数值模拟的计算方程;介绍了这些方程的数值求解,相关边界条件及凝固潜热处理方法;以此为基础,编制了三维计算、前处理、后处理程序及相关数据库,形成了SRIFCAST软件。本软件已成功地应用于铸造生产,制定了各种铸件尤其是精密铸件的铸造工艺,获得了优质铸件。     

碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料的重熔和铸造工艺特征

介绍了SiC颗粒增强铸造铝基复合材料的铸锭重熔、除气和铸造过程的特征。由于颗粒的存在 ,这些工艺过程和普通铝合金有一定的差异。在铸锭重熔时 ,需要控制熔炼温度和对熔体施加搅拌 ,以防止颗粒反应和下沉。普通铝合金采用的熔盐和气体除气工艺不适合于复合熔体的除气精炼 ,而真空除气具有很好的效果。复合熔体具有高的粘度 ,流动性较差 ,在大气自由重力浇注时容易卷入气体而导致铸件气孔缺陷。为了防止铸件缺陷的形成 ,复合材料在大气自由重力浇注下的浇注系统需要设计集气、集渣冒口和阻流口等特殊组元。真空差压浇注工艺大大简化了浇注系统 ,降低了材料消耗 ,同时消除了大气自由重力浇注时容易产生的铸造缺陷。通过该工艺可获得形状复杂、表面光洁、尺寸精确的铝基复合材料精密铸件     

Numerical study of crucial parameters in tilt casting for titanium aluminides

Numerical modeling of the tilt casting process for TiAl alloys was investigated to achieve a tranquil mould filling and TiAl castings free of defects. Titanium alloys are very reactive in molten state, so they are widely melted in cold crucible, e.g. the Induction Skull Melting (ISM) furnace. Then the crucible holding the molten metal together with the mould is rotated to transfer the metal into the mould——ISM+ tilt casting. This paper emphasizes the effect of crucial parameters on mould filling and solidif...     

铝镁合金消失模铸造技术研究及应用新进展

阐述了铝镁合金消失模铸造技术的现状,重点介绍了铝镁合金消失模铸造在浇注充型、振动凝固、压力凝固、壳型铸造等技术研究方面的新进展。作者认为,消失模铸造铝镁合金,必须重点解决针孔、缩松等缺陷,提高液态合金的充型能力和铸件的力学性能。     

镍基高温合金真空电磁约束成形与定向凝固

介绍了高熔点大密度铁、镍基合金的电磁约束成形定向凝固的两种先进技术。在系统研究电磁场与温度场及其耦合作用的基础上 ,利用特殊设计的双频双感应器成功地实现了多种截面形状的不锈钢及高温合金的无容器电磁约束成形。借助于特制的磁结晶器获得了电磁软接触的高温合金近终形定向凝固叶片样件。     

State of the Art Treatment of Non-Ferrous Castings 3-in-l Heat Treatment Systems Combine Foundry Processes

1.Aluminum Casting Production Now andThenIt is well known that the reduction of the total weightof an automobile leads to a reduction in fuelconsumption(about0.5liters of100kilometers).Thisimproved fuel economy also reduces the CO2emissionsreleased into the atmosphere.As the size of vehicleshas grown,the overall weight has had to be decreased.The automotive industry is therefore using more andlighter metal components in order to reduce fuelconsumption and lower emissions.Production of cylin…     

Research progress on refractory composition and deformability of shell molds for TiAl alloy castings

At present, most TiAl components are produced by an investment casting process. Environmental and economic pressures have, however, resulted in a need for the industry to improve the current casting quality, reduce manufacturing costs and explore new markets for the process. Currently, the main problems for investment casting of TiAl alloys are cracks, porosities, and surface defects. To solve these problems, many studies have been conducted around the world, and it is found that casting defects can be reduced by improving composition and properties of the shell molds. It is important to make a summary for the related research progress for quality improvement of TiAl castings. So, the development on refractory composition of shell molds for TiAl alloy investment castings was reviewed, and research progress on deformability of shell mold for TiAl alloy castings both at home and abroad in recent years was introduced. The existing methods for deformability characterization and methods for improving the deformability of shell molds were summarized and discussed. The updated advancement in numerical simulation of TiAl alloy investment casting was presented, showing the necessity for considering the deformability of shell mold during simulation. Finally, possible research points for future studies on deformability of shell mold for TiAl alloy investment casting were proposed.     

State of the Art Treatment of Non-Ferrous Castings 3-in-1 Heat Treatment Systems Combine Foundry Processes

The interior of a high-pressure die-casting is of an unsatisfactory quality. Engine blocks made with this die casting process show lower specific engine performance. Pressure die-casting can hardly be heat treated for obvious reasons PSM (Precision Sand Molds) process uses sand and organic binder to generate a mold and even allows the manufacturing of complex diesel engine blocks in aluminum alloys. Combined technologies are available for semi-permanent mold castings with cores and castings made in Precision Sand Molds with organic binders. Castings are placed into the special heat treatment furnace immediately after pouting without the operations in stand alone machinery. This patented Sand Lion^R 3-in-1 technology processes hot castings and carries out three (3) foundry processes simultaneously in one (1) automated machine: 1) De-coring and sand removal; 2) Thermal sand reclamation; 3) Solution heat treatment of castings. The combination of several main casting processes is reflected in significant reductions of energy consumption, of production costs, and improving the quality of the castings. Audits in foundries using the 3-in-1 process showed an average reduction in production costs of more than 30%.     

The role and impact of 3D printing technologies in casting

3D printing is such a magical technology that it extends into almost every sector relating to manufacturing, not to mention casting production. In this paper, the past, present and future of 3D printing in the foundry sector are profoundly reviewed. 3D printing has the potential to supplement or partially replace the casting method. Today, some castings can be directly printed by metal powders, for example, titanium alloys, nickel alloys and steel parts. Meanwhile, 3D printing has found an unique position in other casting aspects as well, such as printing the wax pattern, ceramic shell, sand core, sand mould, etc. Most importantly, 3D printing is not just a manufacturing method, it will also revolutionize the design of products, assemblies and parts, such as castings,patterns, cores, moulds and shells in casting production. The solid structure of castings and moulds will be redesigned in future into truss or spatially open and skeleton structures. This kind of revolution is just sprouting, but it will bring unimaginable impact on manufacturing including casting production. Nobody doubts the potential of 3D printing technologies in manufacturing, but they do have limitations and drawbacks.     

壳型铸造用覆膜砂若干技术问题探讨

根据壳型生产线十几年运行和各类覆膜砂应用的经验,对壳型铸造用覆膜砂的一些技术问题进行探讨。详细介绍适用于吹砂式多工位壳型机的湿态覆膜砂性能;高强度低树脂量覆膜砂的研制;湿态壳型覆膜砂的成形性指数与调湿工艺;翻斗法制壳时的脱壳问题分析和解决办法;覆膜砂脱壳性检测方法;高镍球铁件壳型铸造表面针孔原因分析与抗针孔覆膜砂的应用。     

铝合金铸件中的凝固缺陷形成机理及预测

孔洞与热裂是铸件在凝固过程中最常遇到的典型缺陷。两者均形成于合金凝固末期,与液相补缩不足相关,但又有各自的形成机理。铝合金熔体对氢气有很大的溶解度,凝固过程中又因为溶解度的剧降而析出。孔洞是液相中过饱和的气体压力与凝固收缩引起的压力降共同作用的结果。热裂则是在凝固末期由于铸件收缩受阻而产生的应力以及液相补缩不足而导致的,其不仅与合金性质、铸造条件有关,并且受铸件形状的影响。文章基于近年来该方面的理论研究成果,总结了关于孔洞与热裂的形成机理以及几种目前所应用的经典预测模型,并对这几种模型的理论基础以及所考虑的关键参数进行了分析与讨论,在此基础上提出了未来新模型的研究方向和亟需解决的关键问题。