石墨烯喷涂与化学镀镍黑化冷屏性能对比

目的 探索高效的冷屏黑化技术,获得石墨烯环氧胶混合喷涂与化学镀镍黑化后的红外探测器冷屏的光学特性、真空放气特性。方法 采用傅里叶光谱仪对比测试不同粗糙度的基底,以及基底经过化学镀镍、石墨烯喷涂黑化后的样品在2.5~15 μm波段内的镜面反射率,利用扫描电子显微镜观察分析黑化表面形貌。采用小孔流导法测试对比不同粗糙度基底250 ℃除气前后的放气规律,以及除气后基底、化学镀镍、石墨烯喷涂黑化样品的出气率。结果 化学镀镍黑化反射率受基底粗糙度的影响大,若在喷砂面黑化,镜面反射率低于2%。石墨烯喷涂的黑化涂层厚,吸收率不受基底表面粗糙度影响,镜面反射率低于0.4%,但镀层的表面结合力受到基底粗糙度的影响。对放气特性进行分析发现,高温除气可以去除化学吸附气体分子,再次暴露大气吸附的气体多为物理吸附。黑化层对出气率的影响远大于基底粗糙度,石墨烯黑化层的微孔洞结构使初始出气率大于镀黑镍约1个数量级。结论 石墨烯与环氧胶混合喷涂黑化的消杂散光能力显著优于化学镀镍黑化,但总放气量高,采用适当的低出气率处理,改进其真空性能是在红外组件应用中的关键。     

激光辐照诱导氧化铝陶瓷基板表面化学镀铜

采用激光辐照处理对Al2O3陶瓷基板进行预处理,经过超声波辅助化学镀在Al2O3陶瓷基板表面成功制备了化学镀铜层。利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)和能谱(EDS)研究分析了激光辐照预处理前后Al2O3基板表面形貌和Al2O3基板化学镀铜表面以及截面形貌,划痕形貌,并与传统贵金属Pd活化预处理化学镀铜进行对比。试验结果表明:激光辐照处理后Al2O3基板表面出现了大量的微孔和纳米级颗粒凸起,这些表面缺陷易于吸附外来物质成键,实现化学镀铜过程,其中镀层与基底也有较好的结合力;与传统Pd活化预处理化学镀铜对比发现,激光辐照处理避免了繁琐的工艺和贵金属带来的污染,同时生成的化学镀铜层颗粒与颗粒之间融合更好。     

离子源预处理工艺对WC基底表面及Ta缓冲涂层的影响

研究了阳极层离子源预处理工艺对WC硬质合金基底表面粗糙度Ra和表面最大峰谷值Pv的影响,以及对后续镀制Ta缓冲涂层表面特征及膜基附着力的影响。结果表明,硬质合金基片表面粗糙度和表面最大峰谷值的增加量随基片偏压升高呈指数增加;而离子源电压对基片表面粗糙度和表面最大峰谷值影响较弱;采用离子源电压1350 V,基片偏压200 V轰击硬质合金基片15 min后镀制Ta膜,膜层表面晶粒细小均匀,表面致密性显著增加;此外,基片表面经离子源处理后,镀制的Ta缓冲层与基底的膜基结合力有较大改善,这将有利于提高后续贵金属保护涂层的附着力及抗元素扩散能力。     

前处理工艺对镁合金化学镀Ni-P质量的影响

采用扫描电镜和性能检测的方法,分析了表调、活化和浸锌等前处理工艺对镁合金化学镀Ni-P质量的影响.结果表明,表调可使晶界凸出于α-Mg基体,降低镁合金的表面粗糙度,提高化学镀层的结合强度.活化及浸锌后,促进了化学镀的进行.按表调、活化、一次浸锌、退镀、二次浸锌的工艺进行前处理后实施化学镀,得到的Ni-P镀层致密、平整,与基体结合力强,有效提高了镁合金表面耐蚀性及显微硬度.     

表面粗化对氧化锆精密陶瓷化学镀镍的影响

对装饰用氧化锆精密陶瓷基板进行了表面粗化处理及化学镀镍工艺试验,研究了HF含量和浸泡时间对陶瓷表面粗化效果的影响,以及表面粗糙度与镀镍层形貌、结合强度之间的关系。结果表明:氧化锆精密陶瓷的表面粗糙度随着HF含量的增加和浸泡时间的延长而增加,且呈现浸泡初期和高HF含量时粗化速率更快的特点;随着表面粗糙度的增加,化学镀镍逐渐转向以胞状生长为主的方式形成沉积层,镀镍层的结合强度也不断提高。     

氧化铝陶瓷表面化学镀镍工艺及镀层性能研究

目的在氧化铝陶瓷表面化学镀金属镍镀层,研究施镀时间对Al_2O_3陶瓷表面化学镀镍层的表面形貌、组织结构、显微硬度、表面粗糙度和镀镍层结合力的影响。方法所用镀液组成及工艺参数为:NiSO_4·6H_2O_25g/L,NaH_2PO_2·H_2O 22g/L,Na_3C_6H_5O_7·2H_2O 64g/L,(NH_4)SO_4 62g/L,pH=5.0~6.0,水浴加热至90℃,施镀时间1~4h。采用NovaNanoSEM50型场发射扫描电子显微镜观察镀层的表面微观形貌,采用TH765型自动显微硬度仪测试镀层硬度,采用OLS4000型三维形貌测量仪测量镀层表面粗糙度,采用压入法和热震试验评价镀层的结合性能。结果施镀时间为1~4h时,1h镀层表面金属光泽性好,呈银白色,4h镀层表面更为细腻,但表面光泽性较差。随着施镀时间的增长,Al_2O_3陶瓷表面化学镀镍层表面越光滑,显微硬度越大。不同施镀时间下的化学镀层均没有出现起泡、片状剥落或者与氧化铝基体分离等现象。结论施镀时间为1~4h时,在温度和pH不变的情况下,随着施镀时间增加,化学镀镍层厚度变化不大,但是镀层颗粒更细小,显微硬度明显提高,表面粗糙度降低,镀层结合力良好。     

CeO2对ZrH1.8表面微弧氧化复合陶瓷层结构的影响

目的利用微弧氧化表面处理技术,通过改变电解液成分,在ZrH_(1.8)表面原位制得一层致密的复合陶瓷层。方法通过在电解液中添加CeO_2颗粒,采用恒压模式对氢化锆(ZrH_(1.8))表面进行微弧氧化处理,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、涂层测厚仪、涂层附着力自动划痕仪,分析陶瓷层表面和截面形貌、相结构、厚度及其与基体的结合力,通过Archimedes排水法对所制备陶瓷层的致密性进行定量分析。结果 CeO_2颗粒的添加有利于陶瓷层的生长,与不添加CeO_2颗粒所制得的陶瓷层相比,加入CeO_2后,陶瓷层的厚度有所增加,陶瓷层与基体的结合力由81 N增大至104 N。XRD分析表明,陶瓷层中出现CeO_2特征峰,可知CeO_2在微弧氧化过程中成功地吸附在陶瓷层表面。不添加CeO_2时,陶瓷层的孔隙率为14.22%;添加CeO_2后,陶瓷层的孔隙率降低至5.79%。结论 CeO_2颗粒的加入可有效提高基体ZrH_(1.8)与陶瓷层的结合力,降低了陶瓷层的孔隙率,使氢化锆表面微弧氧化陶瓷层的致密性得到改善。     

表面状态对2A12铝合金发黑氧化膜层的热循环性能影响

为了探讨前处理对2A12铝合金发黑阳极氧化及其空间服役性能的影响,通过不同机加粗糙和表面活化等前处理对发黑阳极氧化形貌和热循环性能的影响进行了研究,并采用扫描电镜等对前处理、氧化和热循环后的形貌进行了分析。结果表明:随着表面粗糙度的增加,铝合金发黑膜层热循环性能变差,裂纹密度和宽度增加;而通过浸泡和溅射处理,由于表面微区域腐蚀,导致生成的氧化膜层与基体之间结合力下降,从而引起在热循环过程中表面膜层的脱落,并结合微观形貌以及能谱测试结果探讨了不同表面粗糙度和活化对膜层的影响机理。     

陶瓷基片化学镀铜工艺研究

采用多种工艺对比的方法,研究了陶瓷基片化学镀铜工艺及其特点,结果表明：（１）采用化学镀铜的方法可以实现陶瓷基片的金属化：（２）基片表面孔隙的存在对提高膜／基结合力的作用及有限的,为获得结合良好的镀层,仍需对陶瓷基片进行组化处理;（３）前处理工艺中,须注意强化除油清洗效果以进一步净化表面孔隙;（４）镀液浓度影响镀层的涫积速度及结合力。     

离子注入辅助Al2O3陶瓷表面化学镀镀层特性研究

用金属离子源在96Al2O3陶瓷表面注入不同能量和剂量的Ni离子,然后在镀液中进行化学镀铜.用扫描电镜、卢瑟福背散射能谱和X光电子能谱技术对注入层和镀层进行分析研究.结果表明:Ni离子注入可作为一种新的活化工艺,辅助Al2O3陶瓷化学镀铜;注入参数对后续化学镀覆有显著影响,注入获得表面Ni浓度高的镀覆效果较好,应选用低能量进行高剂量注入;试验条件下优选工艺参数为15keV,2.2×1017ions/cm2,该条件下开始化学镀铜的孕育期仅为45s,镀速达到52.43nm/min,镀层表面粗糙度为0.317μm,所得化学镀铜层均匀、致密,与基体结合紧密.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.     

Structural Optimization of Electromagnetic Swirling Flow in Nozzle of Slab Continuous Casting

During the slab continuous casting process, the flow field of molten steel in the mold plays a decisive role in the quality of the slab. In this paper, electromagnetic swirling flow in nozzle technology is proposed to control the flow field in mold.This technology can drive molten steel to rotate inside the submerged entry nozzle by electromagnetic force, thereby controlling the flow field. This research shows that it can reduce the impact of molten steel on the bottom of nozzle and partly reduce the negative pressure at the upper part of nozzle outlet which is even eliminated by optimizing the structure and angle of nozzle. The area of heat flux of the mold wall becomes larger, and the crest value of heat flux gets lower than that without swirling in nozzle and any nozzle optimization. The meniscus fluctuates smoothly, and the flow velocity at the top surface is within a reasonable range. The temperature field distribution in the mold is uniform which was beneficial to the growth of equiaxed crystal and decreased element segregation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).