热压温度确定原则及低温活化烧结

评述了金刚石制品热压烧结温度判定的理论依据,介绍了添加微量元素降低ＹＧ合金烧结温度的机理;同时提及粉末细化、粉末预合金化、稀土合金等活化烧结工艺     

钻头预合金胎体粉末制备与应用

讨论了预合台体粉末的优点，研究了预合金胎的粉末的制备技术，列举了预合金胎体金刚石钻头的应用效果。     

超细预合金粉末在金刚石工具中的性能研究

对超细Fe-Co-Cu预合金粉末(SFP)的性能进行了分析和测试，该粉末在700 ℃的烧结温度下烧结，烧结试样的相对密度达到97%；烧结试样硬度高、耐磨性高；颗粒均匀、抗氧化性优于超细钴粉；性能达到国外同类产品水平。     

“两次保温”镶制的金刚石钻头

一九七五年底，我们到上海学习上海砂轮厂中频热压人造金刚石钻头的经验，于一九七六年在湖北探矿厂开始试制第一批人造金刚石钻头，到第一地质大队试验，由于胎体不耐磨，钻头寿命短。在试制第二批（四个）人造金刚石钻头时，我认为980℃烧结温度过高，会降低人造金刚石强度，我提出要降低烧结温度到950℃，就议定用两种烧结温度，五、七、九号钻头烧结温度仍用980℃，六号钻头改用950℃。烧结后测定胎体硬度，五号钻头HRC40；七号钻头HRC34；九号钻头HRC33；六号钻头HRC30。根据上海砂轮厂的经验采用63号配方的胎     

电火花烧结金刚石钻头的研究

电火花烧结钻头的研究是制造优质金刚石钻头的一个新工艺。它是六十年代开始发展的一项新型的粉末冶金热压成形技术。是将金属、非金属装入模具中，在特殊电源和轻压的相关作用下，粉末颗粒间产生微放电现象，引起多种活化作用，加速金属及合金扩散，使其易于合金化，经历放电活化和热塑变形，制取高性能制品的一种强活化、高效能的快速烧结。一、电火花烧结原理图1为电火花烧结金刚石钻头装置示意图，其烧结工艺如图2所示。     

配方预合金化对提高热压富铁基含金刚石钻头胎体性能的影响机理

胎体配方预合金化近年来已成为有关孕镶金刚石钻头研究的一个新热点。根据相同的热压富铁基含金刚石钻头胎体配方,通过改变CSB-2预合金的加量和烧结温度,制作试样进行摩擦磨损测试,并对抗弯强度测试后的试样进行SEM分析和EDS能谱测试。摩擦磨损试验结果表明,4种烧结温度条件下,胎体磨损量均随着CSB-2加量的增大而减小,且相同CSB-2加量条件下,胎体磨损量随烧结温度的升高先增大后减小。SEM分析表明,添加CSB-2预合金可使胎体组织细化,孔隙数减少;高温烧结(980℃以上)时,铁基胎体对金刚石具有热腐蚀作用,随着胎体配方中CSB-2预合金含量的增加,金刚石的热腐蚀程度逐渐减缓。EDS能谱测试表明,胎体配方的预合金化可增大胎体金属对金刚石的润湿性,提高胎体对金刚石的包镶强度。     

“两次保温”镶制的金刚石钻头寿命延长的理论分析

1975年我们学习上海砂轮厂中频热压人造金刚石钻头的经验,于1976年在湖北探矿厂试制第一批人造金刚石钻头,由于胎体不耐磨,钻头寿命短.在试制第二批钻头时,我认为980℃烧结温度过高,会降低人造金刚石强度,提出降低烧结温度的试验.5、7、9号钻头烧结温度仍用980℃,6号钻头用950℃,烧结后测定胎体硬度,5号钻头HRC40,7号钻头HRC3,9号     

超细FeCoCu粉末在金刚石钻头中的试验研究

文章介绍了超细FeCoCu预合金粉末应用于金刚石钻头胎体中的试验研究。通过基础性试验测试表明：在663Cu含量为30%的前提下,在金刚石钻头胎体组成成分中添加FeCoCu预合金粉末,通过调节其与WC粉末的配比关系,能够有效地调节钻头胎体硬度,适应不同的地层。通过回归分析得到了胎体硬度与FeCoCu粉末加量的数学关系式,由此关系式可预测胎体硬度或计算FeCoCu粉末加量。经过野外实际钻进试验证明：添加了FeCoCu粉末的金刚石钻头胎体综合性能具有较大的提高,为后续钻头耐磨性研究提供了经验积累。     

稀土La添加量对预合金铁基胎体性能的影响

通过分析不同稀土La添加量对铁基胎体烧结性能的影响,指出在本试验使用预合金粉末和烧结条件下,当La添加量为0.1%时,胎体材料的综合力学性能最好。此外,适量的稀土La加入铁基胎体粉末后可以改善粉末分布的均匀性,提高金属胎体对金刚石的包镶能力。     

改善钎焊金刚石钻头制造工艺的研究

电阻式真空活化钎焊烧结机钎焊烧结金刚石钻头时,由于镍基钎焊温度较高,钎焊温度超过727 ℃时钻头45钢体开始发生奥氏体反应,在钎焊烧结压力下易变形。为了保持一定的压力以减小接触电阻,满足钎焊烧结温度基本不变的要求,成功地通过增大钻头钢体段的过流面积,减小钢体段的电阻以降低钢体的发热功率和温升,有效地减少钻头钢体的塑性变形。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)