Undifferentiated carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells of the pancreas diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration

Undifferentiated carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells, also formerly known as osteoclast-like giant cell tumor, is a rare neoplasm of the pancreas and usually diagnosed after pancreatectomy. The presence of non-neoplastic osteoclast-like giant cells is the histological hallmark of this tumor and the diagnosis is usually not difficult on tissue sections. However there have been relatively few reports regarding the cytological features of this type of tumor in literatures. Here we present a case of undifferentiated pancreatic carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells coexisting with ductal adenocarcinoma diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasonography （EUS）-guided fine-needle aspiration （FNA） and liquid-based cytology test. To our knowledge,     

Immunotherapeutic effects of dendiritic cells vaccine pulsed with tumor cell lysate in mice with pancreatic carcinoma

Objective To observe the immunotherapeutic effects of dendritic cells vaccine pulsed with tumor cell lystate on mice with pancreatic carcinoma. Methods Dendritic cells (MTSC4) were pulsed with tumor cells lysate. The immune preventative and immnotherapeutic effects of DC vaccines on mice with pancreatic carcinoma were assessed. Results After vaccination of the DC vaccines,mice remained tumor-free for at least 25 days in DCs vaccines group,but in other groups the subcutaneous implantation tumorigenesis were found beginning 3 to 9 days. CTL stimulated by DC vaccines effected cytolytic activity against pancreatic carcinoma cells. The survival period was obviously prolonged in DCs vaccines group (56 ±9)d than in other groups P<0.01) and tumors (1.4 ±0.8)g in DCs vaccines group were significantly smaller than that in other groups (P < 0. 05). Conclusion Tumor cell lysate-pulsed dendrtic cells vaccines can induce a specific and effective immune response against pancreatic carcinoma cell implanted in mice. 4     

Expression and significance of multi-drug resistance-associated protein 3 in different tumor cell lines

Objective To investigate the expression and meaning of MRP3 in different tumor cells. MethodsThe monoclonal antibody against MRP3 was used to identify the expression of MRP3 by flow cytometer in seven tumor cells and human embryo kidney cell lines 293T.And RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA of MRP3 in eight cell lines. ResultsThe mRNA of MRP3 was expressed in three pancreatic carcinoma cell lines.MRP3 protein was observed in BxPC-3 and AsPC-1 cells. ConclusionMRP3 may express in different tumor in tissue-specific manner.BxPC-3 and AsPC-1 may serve as cellular models for in vitro studies on multidrug resistance of pancreatic carcinoma.     

Proliferation and Differentiation of Duct Epithelial Cells after Partial Pancreatectomy in Rats

The proliferation and differentiation of pancreatic duct epithelial cells in remnant pancreas during regeneration after partial pancreatectomy in rats were studied, and the source of pancreatic stem cells was characterized. Partial (90 %) pancreatectomy was performed on 4- to 5-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats, and different duct epithelial cells and acinar cells were detected by immunohis-trochemical stain method and scored using 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling index (LI) at various time points after partial pancreatectomy. It was found that at 24 h after partial pancreatectomy proliferation started in the main, large and small duct cells, and persisted in small duct cells to day 5. There was significant difference between the experimental group and the control group (P<0.001). Acinar cells positive for BrdU were greatly increased and reached the peak LI on day 5. The destroyed lobular architecture almost totally recovered on day 7, and the newly islet cells appeared around the pancreatic ducts. These results suggest that regeneration after partial pancreatectomy is involved in proliferation and differentiation of pancreatic stem cells, and pancreatic stem cells may locate in the pancreatic ductules.     

Kanglaite combined Gemcitabine inhibits growth of nude mouse subcutaneous transplantation tumor of human PC-3 pancreatic cancer cell

Objective：To study the mechanisms of pancreatic cancer treatment with Kanglaite combined Gemcitabine by investigating the relationship between the apoptosis and the expression of bcl-2, Bax and VEGF in pancreatic cancer cells. Methods：Nude mouse subcutaneous transplantation tumor model of Human PC-3 pancreatic cancer was established; the expressions of bcl-2, Bax and VEGF of transplantation tumor cell were determined; the earlier apoptosis rate of pancreatic cancer cell and the gross tumor volume were determined. Results ..Kanglaite combined Gemcitabine remarkably decreased the protein expression of bcl-2,raised the expression of Bax,increased the apoptosis rate of the pancreatic cancer and contract the gross tumor volume. Kanglaite greatly decreased the protein expression of VEGF of the tumor cell. Conclusion ：Therapeutic efficacy of Kanglaite combined Gemcitabine is far better than separate use of the two medicines in the pancreatic cancer transplantation tumor treatment.     

Clinicopathological features of giant cell carcinoma of the pancreas

BACKGROUND: Giant cell carcinoma of the pancreas (GCCP) as a tumor of high malignancy, large size, and inflammatory reaction occupies 2.1%-12.8% of all cases of pancreatic malignancies. This study was to analyze cases of GCCP collected in 8 years at our hospital in an attempt to describe some features of GCCP in Chinese people. METHODS: The clinicopathological features of 19 patients who had been pathologically diagnosed as having GCCP from 1021 patients with pancreatic malignancies collected by Pancreatic Disease Research Group (PDRG) of Changhai Hospital were retrospectively analyzed compared with those of 96 patients with common pancreatic carcinoma (PC) who were randomly selected from 1002 patients with pancreatic carcinoma. The differences of location, clinical symptoms,     

Establishment of cervical lymph node metastasis model of squamous cell carcinoma in the oral cavity in mice

Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma （OSCC） is the most prevalent malignant tumor in the head and neck region, comprising more than 90% of all oral malignancies. A feasible approach for an animal model to study OSCC lymph node metastasis was established and biological behaviors of three oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines were compared. Methods After implanting three kinds of cell lines （GDC185, Tca8113, Tca83） into three different anatomical sites in nude mice, namely the tongue, floor of the mouth, and axillary fossa, we observed the tumorigenicity and the metastatic capacity, which was confirmed by histopathology under a surgical microscope. Results The animal model injected with GDC185 cells into the floor of the mouth had the highest rate of neck lymph node metastasis （55.6%） and the cell lines had significantly different biological behaviors. Conclusions Nude mice injected with GDC185 cells into the floor of the mouth could be used as a feasible animal model to study neck metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma.     

Data analysis of 36 cases with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas for their clinicopathological features, diagnosis, and treatment

Background Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm （IPMN） is a rare pancreatic cystic neoplasm,accounting for 1％ of all exocrine pancreatic neoplasms.This study aimed to summarize the clinicopathological and biological behaviors,as well as the experience in diagnosis and treatment of IPMN.Methods Clinicopathological data were collected from 36 cases with IPMN who were treated in Department of General Surgery,Peking University Third Hospital from May 2001 to July 2011.Results The 36 cases of IPMN patients included 27 males and 9 females （M∶F=3∶1）.The age of patients ranged from 52 to 78 years,with an average of 67.3 years.Regarding tumor location,20 tumors were located in pancreatic head,3 in pancreatic neck,10 in pancreatic body and tail,and 3 in the whole pancreas.All the 36 cases underwent surgical treatment,with 13 cases of pancreaticoduodenectomy,3 cases of middle pancreatectomy,7 cases of tumor resection plus pancreaticojejunostomy,3 cases of distal pancreatectomy,7 cases of distal pancreatectomy plus spleen resection,and 3 cases of total pancreaticoduodenectomy.Of the 36 patients,9 patients underwent the operations under laparoscopy.The 36 cases included main duct type （14 cases,38.9％）,branch duct type （10 cases,27.7％）,and mixed duct type （12 cases,33.3％）.Pathologically,of the 36 cases,there were 7 IPMN adenomas,11 borderline IPMNs,6 IPMN with carcinomas in situ,and 12 IPMNs with invasive carcinomas.All the 36 cases were followed up.During an average of 42 months follow-up period （26-129 months）,no recurrence occurred.Conclusions IPMN,which primarily occurs in male,is a low-grade malignancy which may involve any part of the pancreas,with specific clinicopathological features.IPMN is a different malignancy type from pancreatic ductal carcinoma.Imaging and laboratory examination are helpful for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis.The prediction of invasive IPMN is still difficult.Surgical resection is recommended as the first choice of treatment.Aggressive and proper o     

Effect of p120 catenin silencing on biological behaviors of PANC-1 cells

This study examined the possible role of p120ctn in the pathogenesis and development of pan-creatic cancer.PANC-1 cells,a kind of human pancreatic carcinoma cell line,were cultured in this study.p120ctn was immunocytochemically detected in PANC-1 cells.The recombinant lentivirus vector was constructed to knock down the p120ctn expression of PANC-1 cells.Real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) and Western blotting were used to determine the expression of p120ctn and E-cadherin in PANC-1 cells after p120ctn knockdown.The adhesion,invasion and migration capacity of PANC-1 cells after p120ctn knockdown was detected by cell adhesion,invasion and migration assays.Cell growth was measured by the MTT method.Cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting.The results showed that p120ctn knockdown led to significantly down-regulated E-cadherin and a reduced cell-to-cell adhesion ability in PANC-1 cells.shRNA-mediated knockdown of p120ctn reduced invasion and migration capacity of PANC-1 cells,inhibited cell growth,caused a significant decrease in the percentage of cells in G1,an increase in S,and promoted apoptosis of PANC-1 cells.It was concluded that p120ctn plays a pivotal role in the proliferation and metastasis of pancreatic carcinoma,suggesting that p120ctn is a novel target for pancreatic carcinoma treatment.     

无症状胰腺肿瘤38例临床分析

目的:总结无症状胰腺肿瘤的临床病理特点和诊治经验.方法:回顾性分析38例意外发现的无症状胰腺肿瘤的临床资料.结果:患者38例,男14例,女24例.年龄22～86岁,平均(50.2±16.2)岁.病程1 d至7年.肿瘤位于胰头17例,胰体尾21例.所有患者均行手术切除,包括胰十二指肠切除术11例,保留十二指肠的胰头切除术3例,肿瘤局部切除术1例,节段性胰腺切除术8例,胰体尾、脾切除术15例.术后病理:胰腺导管癌5例,无功能胰岛细胞瘤13例(2例恶性),浆液性囊腺瘤8例,黏液性囊腺瘤8例,囊腺癌1例,恶性胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤2例,胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤1例.恶性肿瘤共10例,占26.3%(10/38).随访表明,除3例胰体癌术后6个月死于肝转移外,其余患者已健康生存11个月至8年.结论:无症状胰腺肿瘤多为良性肿瘤,部分为恶性肿瘤,应积极手术治疗;手术切除率高,预后良好.     

联合肠系膜上静脉/门静脉切除的胰十二指肠切除术的临床价值

目的 探讨联合肠系膜上静脉/门静脉（SMV/PV）切除的胰十二指肠切除术的临床运用价值.方法 对2010年8月～2012年8月期间收治的6例施行联合SMV/PV切除的胰十二指肠切除术的胰腺癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 本组6例胰腺癌患者均成功施行联合SMV/PV切除的胰十二指肠切除术,门静脉切除重建时间均控制在30min内.术后经病理确诊为胰腺癌,均合并有不同程度的SMV/PV血管侵犯,切除后血管及胰腺断端均无肿瘤浸润.术后患者均恢复良好,未出现胰瘘、胆瘘、腹腔出血以及血管栓塞等严重并发症,仅1例发生术后粘连肠梗阻,经再次松解术后痊愈.本组患者住院时间为10～21d,平均14天.截止2013年5月,患者术后生存期6～25个月,平均13个月.目前有4例患者尚存活,且无肿瘤复发征象,其中1例存活时间超过2年.结论 对于肿瘤侵犯SMV/PV但无远处转移的胰腺癌患者,应积极施行手术切除.联合SMV/PV切除的胰十二指肠切除术不仅能够提高胰腺癌的手术切除率,还可明显改善患者的生存质量以及延长患者生存期.     

保留器官的胰腺手术临床应用进展

由于解剖关系紧密,传统的胰腺切除手术（包括胰十二指肠切除术、胰体尾脾脏切除术等）多需合并切除胰腺周围脏器,对机体创伤大,术后并发症发生率和死亡率较高.随着影像学诊断技术的发展,目前越来越多的胰腺良性肿瘤和低度恶性肿瘤能得到早期诊断和及时发现,降低手术创伤成为外科医生探索的方向,保留器官的胰腺切除手术（organ-preserving pancreatectomy,OPP）应运而生.该文就OPP几种术式如保留十二指肠的胰头切除术（duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection,DPPHR）、胰腺中段切除术（central pancreatectomy,CP）和保留脾脏的胰体尾切除术（spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy,SPDP）作一综述.     

困难情况下的腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术2例分析（附手术视频）

  目的  介绍我中心在胰头恶性肿瘤侵犯周围血管以及肿块型胰腺炎合并致密炎症粘连等困难情况下所采用的个体化腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术。  方法  回顾性分析我院近年来开展的困难情况下的腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术的2例病例资料,包括手术策略、手术时间、术中出血情况、术后住院时间、治疗方案及预后情况。  结果  患者1,65岁男性患者,术前诊断为胰腺钩突占位伴肠系膜上静脉侵犯、梗阻性黄疸。术中行肠系膜上动脉优先入路的联合肠系膜上静脉切除重建的腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术（操作见视频1）,手术时间340 min,出血200 mL,术中未输血。患者术后康复顺利,术后住院9 d。术后病理学诊断:胰腺中-低分化导管腺癌。患者行GS（吉西他滨+替吉奥）方案化疗6个周期,术后1年随访患者情况良好,无复发转移情况。患者2,47岁中年男性,因反复腹痛入院,术前诊断胰头占位伴梗阻性黄疸,既往接受过开腹Roux-en-Y胆肠吻合术、小肠切除、肠肠吻合术。术中采用超声刀、电钩、剪刀等多种方式处理患者腹腔不同部位粘连,调整传统模块化手术流程行腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术,改用Easy-first原则行手术切除（操作见视频2）。术中采取双主刀模式处理例如出血等突发情况。手术时间400 min,出血500 mL,术中未输血。患者术后康复顺利,术后住院11 d。术后病理学诊断为胰头部慢性炎症肿块,最大径6 cm,未见明显癌变。术后20个月随访患者情况良好,未再发急性胰腺炎。  结论  在有经验的胰腺微创中心,通过不同的手术方式、采取个体化的手术策略,当肿瘤侵犯周围血管以及肿块型胰腺炎合并致密炎症粘连等情况腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术是安全可行的。     

胰腺囊腺瘤和胰腺囊腺癌的诊断和治疗经验分析

目的探讨胰腺囊腺瘤和胰腺囊腺癌的诊断和治疗经验。方法对本院8年内收治的5例及2000年以后国内文献报道的98例进行临床分析。结果胰腺囊性肿瘤好发于中年女性，临床表现无特异性，本组103例中行胰十二指肠切除17例，胰体尾加脾切除46例，肿瘤单纯切除14例，全胰腺切除术2例，诊断明确手术切除率为77．7％。结论凡上腹或左上腹出现较大肿块，且病程较长，应注意考虑胰腺囊腺瘤或囊腺癌，进一步结合B超和CT检查有助于本病的诊断。胰腺囊腺瘤或囊腺癌，均有完整的包膜，而易于分离切除，首选手术方式为包括部分胰腺组织的全肿瘤切除术，疗效满意。     

胰腺非导管腺癌性占位114例临床病理学分析

目的 提高胰腺非导管腺癌性占位的诊疗水平.方法 收集中国医学科学院肿瘤医院1999年1月至2007年12月间经病理确诊的胰腺非导管腺癌性占位114例,对其临床特点和治疗进行回顾性总结.结果 临床资料:(1)男36例,女78例;(2)腹痛56例,腰背疼痛24例,消瘦18例,黄疸8例;(3)糖抗原19-9(Cal9-9),糖抗原242(CA242)和癌胚抗原(CEA)的阳性率分别为21.1%、19.7%、5.6%;(4)Whipple术26例,胰体尾切除术53例,肿瘤摘除术15例,胰腺中段切除术9例,肿瘤部分切除术3例,保留十二指肠的胰头切除术1例,姑息性手术(包括胆肠旁路和胃空肠吻合)7例.(5)胰腺实性假乳头状瘤35例(30.7%),胰腺内分泌肿瘤28例(24.6%),肿块型慢性胰腺炎18例(15.8%),胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤11例(9.6%),胰腺黏液性囊性肿瘤9例(7.9%),胰腺囊肿4例(3.5%),胰腺腺泡细胞癌3例,胰腺海绵状血管瘤2例(2.6%),其他肿瘤6例(5.3%)包括胰腺未分化肉瘤1例,胰腺肉瘤样癌1例,胰腺神经鞘瘤1例,胰腺神经母细胞瘤1例.结论 胰腺非导管腺癌性占位无特异性的临床表现,实验室检查也无特异性的肿瘤标志物.了解各种疾病的自然病程,有助于决定治疗方案.     

联合门静脉/肠系膜上静脉切除的胰头癌根治术(附2例临床分析)

目的：探讨胰腺癌根治手术中肿瘤侵犯门静脉和（或）肠系膜上静脉（PV／SMV）的处理方法，以提高胰腺癌的手术切除率。方法：回顾2005年1至7月进展期胰腺癌施行联合PV／SMV部分切除的胰头癌根治术2例的临床资料。结果：2例均行血管节段切除，患者均未发生血管栓塞、肠坏死、肝衰竭等并发症。结论：对于癌肿侵犯门静脉系统的胰头癌患者，施行舍PV／SMV的联合切除术是必要和安全的。     

胰腺腺鳞癌5例分析

目的:分析胰腺腺鳞癌的临床和病理学特点,提高对该病的认识.方法:回顾性分析5例胰腺腺鳞癌患者的临床资料.结果:本组患者男4例,女1例,平均年龄54.2岁;以腹痛、消瘦为主要症状;肿瘤位于胰头颈部2例,体尾部2例,胰尾部1例;行胰头十二指肠切除术1例,胰体尾部加脾切除1例,姑息性手术2例,1例未行手术,B超引导下穿刺活检确诊;肝转移2例,腹腔广泛转移1例;病理结果:镜下表现为腺癌和鳞癌细胞混杂;随访4例,术后生存4～15月,死于复发和转移.结论:胰腺腺鳞癌是临床上罕见的一种恶性肿瘤,腺癌和鳞癌混杂为组织学特点,呈侵袭性生长,易局部侵犯和远处转移,预后差.     

机器人手术系统联合血管切除重建行胰十二指肠切除术的17例疗效评价（附手术视频）

  目的  探讨机器人手术系统下联合血管切除重建行胰十二指肠切除术治疗进展期胰腺癌的临床疗效。  方法  回顾性分析自2011年8月?2018年9月上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院完成的17例机器人手术系统下联合血管切除重建（操作见视频1）行胰十二指肠切除术的局部进展期的胰腺癌患者的临床资料。  结果  17例患者中4例胰腺癌患者由于肿瘤侵犯严重、胰腺质地软中转开腹,13例患者手术顺利完成。16例（94%）患者手术达到R0切除。14例联合静脉重建,3例联合动脉重建。平均手术时间（401±170） min,平均术中出血（647±345） mL,术后平均住院天数（20±8） d,无围手术期死亡。术后病理及随访结果:1例为胰腺导管内乳头状黏液肿瘤,1例为胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤（G1级）,目前情况良好,8例胰腺导管腺癌及1例胰腺神经内分泌癌患者于随访期间因肿瘤复发转移死亡,中位（最小值～最大值）生存期12（8～26）个月。5例胰腺导管腺癌及1例恶性胰腺导管内乳头状黏液肿瘤患者目前继续随访中,其中1例已存活了38个月（截止至2019年7月）。  结论  机器人手术系统下联合血管切除重建行胰十二指肠切除术难度较大,但安全可行,局部进展期的胰腺癌患者经谨慎评估患者病情和医院手术能力后可以采用。     

联合门静脉/肠系膜上静脉切除重建的胰十二指肠切除术治疗胰腺癌的临床探讨

目的探讨联合门静脉/肠系膜上静脉切除重建的胰十二指肠切除术治疗胰腺癌患者的效果。方法选取2017年3月至2018年9月于本院接受治疗的胰腺癌患者102例并通过随机数字表法分成两组,每组51例。参考组患者采用常规手术切除,观察组患者采用联合门静脉/肠系膜上静脉切除重建的胰十二指肠切除术,比较两组临床指标、术后并发症以及术后生存情况。结果观察组患者术中出血量多于参考组,手术时间、术后住院时间均长于参考组(P<0.05);观察组术后并发症总发生率低于参考组(P<0.05)。术后6个月及术后1年,观察组生存率均高于参考组(P<0.05)。结论胰腺癌患者应用联合门静脉/肠系膜上静脉切除重建胰十二指肠切除术,能提高手术疗效和患者生存率。